Exercise 1. Find the synonyms in the text the following words and phrases.

1. distant (1)                                     5. to orbit (6)

2. substitute (5)                                6. a planet (9)

3. to use (9)                                      7. fast (3)

4. to make easier (4)

 

Exercise 2. Say if the statements are true or false:

1. People enjoy the achievement and developments of science and engineering.

2. In industry and agriculture machines lighten man’s labour.

3. Machines enable people to explore the Universe.

4. Radars, lasers, masers represent the earliest developments of research equipment.

5. Great rapid changes take place in industry and agriculture.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences choosing the right variant:

1. In a number of shops in up-to-date mills and plants automatic machines…

a). perform the work of men;

b). replace the work of men;

c). lighten the work of men.

 

2. Machines help not only factory workers and farmers in…

a). research work;

b). productive labour;

c). scientific work.

 

3. By means of remote control devices robots can…

a). drive cars;

b). run trains;

c). change the tools.

 

4. With the development of science and engineering… will appear.

a). a new man;

b). a new human race;

c). new mankind.

 

5. The triumph of Reason and Progress will bring…

a). universal peace;

b). better life;

c). general abundance.

 

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What spheres do the machines play the most important part in?

2. How do machines help men in mills, mines, factories, farms?

3. What are the future prospects of mankind?

 

Exercise 5. Describe the machine work in the outer space.

Exercise 6. Explain why people enjoy the latest achievements in science and technology.

 

Exercise 7. Prove that great and rapid changes take place in science and engineering.

 

Exercise 8. Discuss the text according to the points:

 

1. With the advancement of progressive ideas a new man will appear-a man who will employ his hands less and brains more.

2. Mankind is on the eve of space flights to remote stellar worlds.

3. All people of the globe will win freedom and independence.

 

                                              Notes:

 

1. supersonic plane - надзвуковий літак 

2. crops - врожаї  

3. sea bed - дно

4. to be on the eve - стояти напередодні

5.stellar worlds - зоряні світи

6. abundance - достаток

7. mankind - людство

8. seek - шукати.

 

UNIT 4

LESSON 1

WHAT IS AUTOMATION?

 

1. Automation may be said to be a modern term signifying the use of machines to do work that formely had to be done by people. What used to be called automation.

2. The machine that automatically makes, inspects and packs 1.200 cigarettes a minute can do nothing else. It is a one-purpose machine as there are many of others.

3. But the digital computer seems to be versatile and can be used as the brains for automating a wide variety of work where figuring, remembering and making logical choices are required. The computer proves to be only a very high speed adding and subtracting machine. It is unlikely to be the thinking machine as it is sometimes called. Everything it does other than adding and subtracting is the result of man’s ingenuity.

4. The design of newer equipment with greater usefulness and capabilities is said to be bringing about an ever increasing growth in the development of control equipment. The reason is twofold. Firstly automatic controls relieve man of many monotonous activities so that he can devote his abilities to other occupation. Secondly modern complex controls can perform functions which are beyond the physical abilities of man. Foe example, an elaborated automatic control system operates the engine of a modern jet airplane with only a minimum amount of the pilot’s attention, so that he is free to fly his airplane.

5. Mention should be made that the design and development of automatic control systems is a principal concern of an engineer. In recent years we know automatic control systems to have been rapidly advancing in importance in all fields of engineering. The applications of control system are known to cover a very wide scope, ranging from the design of precision control devices such as sensitive instrument to the design of the equipment used for controlling the manufacture of steel or other industrial processes. New applications for arranging automatic controls are continually being discovered.

 

 

Exercise 1. Find the terms in the text, which define the following:

a). the use of machines to do the work that formely had to be done by people;

b). the machine that can be used as the brains for automating work, ,, thinking machine’’;

c). precision control device;

d). mathematical operations.

 

Exercise 2. Say if the statements are true or false:

1. Machine that makes only one type of operations is called versatile.

2. The computer is not the thinking machine.

3. The design and development of automatic control systems is a principal concern of the scientists

4. The applications of control system cover a wide scope.

5. New application for arranging automatic controls are being studied.

 

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