Economic-geographical position of Ukraine

Ukraine is an agro-industrial country. Ukraine is rich in natural resources. The main minerals are iron ore, coal, rock salt cement, gypsum uranium, different metals and other natural resources.

Ukraine fully satisfies its needs in minerals but it still has to import some of them. So, oil and gas are imported from Russia and Turkmenistan as the oil and gas deposits of Ukraine cannot satisfy country’s needs in these energy resources.

In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proposition is occupied by heavy industry, especially, the iron, and steel, machine-building and coal industries.

A considerable part is played by the food, light and chemical industries.

Defence industry is being restructured and converted with emphasis on the output of consumer goods.

However, today’s industries are unable to satisfy the consumers’ wants because they are not integrated into the world process of economic , technological and scientific progress. The national industries have low standard in processing raw material and outdated and worn-out production equipment.

Ukraine is one of the world’s most productive farming regions and is known as ”Europe’s granary”.

There are two main branches of agricultural production in Ukraine : crop production and animal husbandry.

Among the crops grown in Ukraine are sugar beet, wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn, sunflower, a large variety of grain cultures, fruit and vegetables.

The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are dairy and beef cattle breeding and pig raising.

Two interrogated processes characterize Ukraine’s economy today, namely its assertion as that of an independent state, and its transition from planned-centralized to market-controlled.

 kraine has currently achieved macroeconomic stability. Prices, domestic and foreign trade have been liberalized. An austere monetary policy has been introduced. Tax and budget systems are also being reformed. A twin-level banking structure took shape: the National Bank of Ukraine, and commercial banks of all types and forms of property .

”Small-scale” privatization is nearly completed in Ukraine today. Privatization has sped up for large and medium size enterprises, including enterprises in the agro-industrial sector.

Ukraine’s foreign policy is aimed at wide and long-term co-operation. Ukraine is acting on the assumption that this is the most effective way of solving not only economic but also political problems.

Words:

1. to be rich in smth – бути багатим на щось

 2. iron and steel industry – чорна металургія

 3. outdated and worn-out equipment – застаріле та спрацьоване обладнання

 4. Europe’s granary – житниця Європи

 5. crop production – рослинництво

 6. animal husbandry – тваринництво

 7. dairy and beef cattle breeding – розведення молочної та м’ясної худоби

 8. pig raising – свинарство

 9. transition from planned-centralized to market-controlled – перехід від планово-централізованої до ринково – регульованої

 10. austere monetary policy – жорстка монетарна політика

 11. twin-level banking structure – дворівнева банківська система

 12. to speed up – прискорювати

 13. to aim at smth – націлювати на щось

 14. wide and long-term co-operation – широкомасштабне і довго-строкове співробітництво

 15. on the assumption – виходячи з припущення

Практичне заняття № 6

Україна у світі

Ukraine in the world

There is no denying the fact that not so long ago Ukraine had very weak connections with other countries in the world. But at present the situation has changed for the better. Ukraine establishes new relations with the countries throughout the world. Ukraine is one of the members of the United Nations Organisation and participates in the work of many international organisations.

Ukraine has wide relations with English-speaking countries such as Great Britain, the United States of America and Canada.

In its international activity Ukraine follows the universally accepted standards and principles of the international law and acknowledges the priority of human values. One of the main principles of the Ukrainian foreign policy is its openness, predictability, and adherence to the civilized rules of conduct in the world arena and in the international relations.

One of the main partners of Ukraine are English-speaking countries. These countries are the major source of potential new technology, hi-tech products and foreign investments for Ukraine. Foremost among them stand Great Britain with the largest economic, financial, production, market, and scientific, technological and military potential. The agro-industrial complex, power engineering, aerospace industry and heath care is priority areas of Ukrainian-British co-operation.

Certainly Ukraine has diplomatic relations with all these countries. It means that they have ambassadors in Ukraine and we have Ukrainian diplomatic missions in these countries. We have some joint political projects.

Scientific co-operation is also very important because Ukrainian science is very good but it has not enough money for experiments. We have joint projects for space exploration with the USA, Canada and Great Britain. In future Ukraine will launch some space rockets from Canadian territory.

Speaking about cultural exchanges I must admit that they are very intensive too.

Besides we have wide relations with these countries in education. We exchange students and teachers.

It’s common knowledge that tourism is very popular nowadays. And our country also has wide relations with many countries in this sphere too.

I must say, that we have special relations with the USA and Canada because there are many people who are Ukrainians by origin. So there is a Ministry for Diaspora in Ukraine that solves the problem of relations between our country and Ukrainians abroad.

As you can see Ukraine became as equals with world community and develop the relations with English-speaking countries in all spheres of human life.

 

Практичне заняття № 7

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