Read the text using vocabulary. Underline by the way most important sentences.

acute – острый

encephalomyelitis – энцефалит

salivary glands – слюнные железы

lachrymal glands – слезные железы

contamination - заражение

bite - укус

saliva - слюна

excitative - возбудительный

paralytic - паралитический

urigenital tract – мочеиспускательный канал

urination - мочеиспускание

erection - эрекция

sexual desire – сексуальное желание

 

An acute encephalomyelitis is caused by a virus. It is a natural disease of dogs, cats, bats and wild carnivores. How­ever, all warm-blooded animals are susceptible. The disease is world-wide except for Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and Oceania. Sweden, Norway and Great Britain were among the first countries to eradicate rabies. It is enzootic, and at times epizootic throughout the Western Hemisphere in bats, dogs, foxes and skunks. Mode of transmission. The virus may be recovered from the CNS and also from the salivary glands, lachrymal glands, pancreas, kidney and adrenal tissues of infected animals. In nature, it is transmitted from animal to animal by means of a bite introducing the virus-bearing saliva. Rarely, rabies may be transmitted by virus contamination of fresh, already existing wounds. Virus may be present in the saliva and be transmitted by an infected animal several days prior to the onset of clinical signs.

Clinical findings. Rabid animals of all species exhibit cer­tain clinical signs which are typical of rabies with minor vari­ations peculiar to carnivore, ruminants, bats and man. The clinical course of the disease, particularly in dogs, can be divided into 3 phases, the prodromal, the excitative and the paralytic. The term "furious rabies" refers to animals in which the excitative phase is predominant, and "dumb or paralytic rabies" to dogs in which the excitative phase is extremely short or absent and the disease progresses quickly to the para­lytic phase. In any animal, the first sign is a change in behavior, which may be indistinguishable from a digestive disor­der, injury, foreign body in the mouth, poisoning or an early infectious disease. Temperature is not significant and inability to retain saliva may or may not be noted. Animals usually stop eating and drinking and may seek solitude. There is frequently irritation or stimulation to the urogenital tract as evidenced by frequent urination, erection in the male and sexual desire. After the prodromal period of 1 to 3 days, animals either show signs of paralysis or become vicious. Carnivora, swine and, occasionally, horses and mules bite other animals or people at the slightest provocation. Cattle will butt any moving object. The disease progresses rapidly after the onset of paralysis.

Paralytic form. This form of rabies is characterized by early paralysis of the throat and masseter muscles, usually with profuse salivation and the inability to swallow. Drop­ping of the lower jaw is a common sign in dogs. Owners frequently examine the mouth of dogs and cattle, searching for a foreign body, or administer medication with the bare hands. These animals are not vicious and rarely attempt or are able to bite. The paralysis progresses rapidly to all parts of the body with coma and death in a few hours.

Put the letters into correct order to make words connected with rabies diseases.

1. L-S-A-I-A-V

2. N-T-O-I-T-I-U-R-A

3. M-L-A-A-C-I-H-R

4. A-B-E-I-R-S

5. E-T-A-U-C

6. E-B-T-I

7. A-A-I-P-R-L-C-I-T

 

What is missing? Find the missing words in the text.

1. ………………is a natural disease of dogs, cats, bats and wild carnivores.

2. All warm-blooded animals are …………. to rabies.

3. The virus may be recovered from the salivary glands, …………..and adrenal tissues of infected animals.

4. The clinical course of the disease can be divided into 3 phases, …………, ………… and the paralytic.

5. There is frequently irritation or stimulation to ………………… .

 

⇐ Предыдущая18192021222324252627Следующая ⇒

Поделиться: