Grammar Revision: Prepositions and Phrasal Verbs

 

Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps with prepositions or particles. Translate the sentences.

1. It is difficult to come __________ __________ a definition of culture.

2. Сulture consists __________ ideals, values and assumptions __________ life that are widely shared __________ people.

3. Quite a practical way __________ looking __________ culture is to divide it __________ three groups: products, behaviours, ideas.

4. Our attitudes and our behaviour make __________ our world view.

5. A better definition of a culture was first devised __________ Edward T. Hall.

6. He also gave a very good reason __________ why we find it so difficult to say what culture is.

7. The culture we grow __________ __________ seems so normal that we don’t even notice it.

8. __________ fact our behaviour is controlled __________ culture so we're not free really – we're actually acting __________ a way that is patterned and we acquire all the rules of the culture almost __________ knowing it.

 

Exercise 8. Phrasal verbs in context: From the context of the sentences try to guess the meaning of the phrasal verbs. Translate the sentences.

 

Follow up:

In Argentina greater emphasis is placed upon the spoken than the written word. Don't rely solely on email to convey a message — follow up with a phone call or a meeting.

 

Put off:

You should not be put off by people standing in close proximity to you or by strong levels of eye contact — this is normal in Argentina and should not be viewed as threatening or invasive.

 

make out:

Australians prize their egalitarian approach to life – people should not try to make out that they are better than others.

 

go over:

It is often useful to go over the same point several times from different angles in order to avoid misunderstanding.

 

watch out:

When in disagreement with you, Czechs will often go silent and look downwards – watch out for this in meeting situations.

 

break into:

Who you are and who you know are important issues in Egypt; therefore it can be difficult to break into business without access to the right initial contacts.

 

back away:

People may stand much closer to you than you are comfortable with. Try not to back away as this can seem stand-offish.

 

carry out:

In Germany once decisions have been made, everybody is expected to carry them out without question, regardless of their agreement or disagreement with the original decision.

 

In Germany employees expect to be given precise, detailed instructions regarding specific tasks, but then expect to be left to carry them out without interference or supervision.

 

find out:

In Germany meetings tend to be formal, unless on a one-to-one basis. If you want to find out opinions, possible trends of thinking etc., it is often more successfully done in an informal one-to-one meeting.

 

make up:

In Hong Kong, businesses come in all shapes and sizes and although dominated by a few very large conglomerates, its beating heart is made up of small to medium sized family-run businesses.

 

Independent Practice: Understanding Other Cultures

READING/LISTENING

 

Exercise 1. Read and listen to Part 10 of the series about culture using the link: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/webcast/tae_whoonearth_archive.shtml

Exercise 2. Answer the questions.

1. In what cases can communication problems arise?

2. What is the difference between how people eat in Western countries and in Morocco?

3. What shapes our attitudes to things and the way we evaluate the world?

4. What is ethnocentrism?

5. What do stereotypes prevent us from?

 

Exercise 3. Match the beginning and the end of the sentences. Translate the sentences.

Communication problems can arise	we will probably be faced with different attitudes, and different ways of doing things.
When we talk to people from different cultures	this can lead to stereotyping.
In Morocco a typical family’s lunch will be	you take on that way of acting and thinking invisibly.
We see our own cultures	much larger than western countries are used to.
Ethnocentrism means that you are born in the centre of your own community and	because of the different ways cultures use language, gesture, non-verbal communication.
When you move to another culture you often	as the centre of the world.
We only see the obvious differences and	have to realize that what you have learnt is not intrinsically right.

 

VOCABULARY

 

Exercise 4. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box. Translate the sentences.

to arise intercultural barrier invisible

gender imprisoned superior rituals

 

1. People can get used to some obvious differences, such as food, music, architecture, but they have problems with __________ things, such as political or religious or social ideas.

2. Food __________ are various in different countries.

3. People are __________ inside the ideas and beliefs of their cultures and they don’t even know it.

4. Communication problems can __________ because of the many difficulties we face when we try to interact with people from other cultures.

5. When we visit foreign countries, we’ll probably be faced with some serious __________ problems.

6. The greatest __________ between cultures is that people are all born ethnocentric.

7. There are big __________ differences in many Asian countries which may shock Europeans.

8. We tend to think that the way we do things is __________ to the way another culture does something.

 

GRAMMAR

 

Exercise 5. Using online grammar reference resources (for example, http://www.native-english.ru) read about adjectives. You can use the following links:http://www.native-english.ru/grammar/english-adjectives

http://www.native-english.ru/grammar/adjectives-degrees-of-comparison

 

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