Grammar Revision: Modal Verbs

 

Exercise 4. Using online grammar reference resources (for example http://www.englishelp.ru) revise how to use modal verbs. You can use the following link: http://www.englishelp.ru/learn-english/grammar/12-modal-verbs-table.html

Exercise 5. Choose the correct modal verb.

 

1.There really (must / ought) to be a word “linguaculture” because language and culture are tied together.

2. You sometimes (must / have to) translate concepts with very different words for the people from another culture.

3. The Chinese language helps people to visualize whereabouts they (must / should) be in the society and how they (must / should) behave.

4. Why (should / need) language tell us anything about a particular culture?

5. What do we (need / must) to learn to be able to communicate better with people from other cultures and so become ‘interculturally competent”?

6. We (can / may) still communicate with people from other cultures despite linguistic and cultural differences.

7. Language experts believed that you (were allowed to / could) say exactly the same thing in two different languages just by accurately translating the vocabulary and the grammar.

8. Accurately translating words from one language to another (may / can) not be enough to understand the cultural meaning.

9. We (may have / may have had) a few ideas about what ‘foreigners’ are like, but are these ideas based on truth or are they just stereotypes?

10. We (could get/ could have got) a good idea of what a culture is like by looking at the things that people produce, the way they behave, and the way they see the world.

 

Independent Practice: Individualist and Collectivist Cultures (I)

READING/LISTENING

 

Exercise 1. Read and listen to Part 7 of the series about culture using the link: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/webcast/tae_whoonearth_archive.shtml

 

Exercise 2. Are the following statements are true or false? Correct the false ones.

1. You belong to an individualist(ic) culture if you like privacy, you belong to a collectivist(ic) culture if you like to have other people around you.

2. A collective could be only a big group of people.

3. In individualist(ic) cultures people are linked together very closely.

4. In individualist(ic) cultures people do not have much loyalty to the company they work for.

5. In collectivist(ic) cultures people act in accordance with the group goals.

6. In South Asian culture the community is more important than the individual.

7. In the collectivist(ic) societies action should be accepted and approved of by a group.

8. Individualist(ic) cultures seems to be influencing the character of some collectivist(ic) cultures.

 

LISTENING

 

Exercise 3. Use the link

http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/intercultural/individualism-collectivism.html to listen to Culturally Speaking: Individualism vs Collectivism talk and finish the sentences:

 

1. Culture is responsible for ______________ ____________________. In short, culture is responsible for how we live.

2. People in individualistic cultures are more concerned with __________.

3. People in collectivistic cultures are more concerned with ___________ .

4. These basic orientations affect or determine ______________________.

5. People in individualistic cultures tend to emphasise _______________ .

6. People are supposed to look after ______________________________.

7. The United States and Australia are ____________________________ .

8. They also emphasise equality – ________________________________.

9. In collectivistic cultures people stress ___________________________.

10. Family relations, loyalty and harmony are ______________________ .

11. The concept of Individualism vs Collectivism does not explain ____________________________, but it's a starting point for ____________ ________________.

12. Increased understanding is the first step in _____________________ .

 

VOCABULARY

 

Exercise 4. Match the words in column A to the words in column B to make phrases. Translate them into Russian.

A	B
to make	culture
to have	growth
keep	much loyalty to something
collectivist	harmony
to have	relationships
to reach	society
individualist	a strong affiliation with somebody
to survive	one’s own decision
agrarian	at all costs
to fulfill	objectives
social	an agreement
to establish	an appointment
personal	culture

 

Exercise 5. Using the Internet resource http://www.amazon.com find a book Intercultural Communication by Everett M. Rogers, Thomas M. Steinfatt. From the Glossary in this book (pp. 265-269) write down the definitions of the following terms:

 

Acculturation –  ______________________________________________

Code – _____________________________________________________

Collectivistic culture –_________________________________________

Communication – ____________________________________________

Culture – ___________________________________________________

Diversity – __________________________________________________

Ethnocentrism – _____________________________________________

High-context culture – ________________________________________

Individualistic culture – _______________________________________

Intercultural communication – __________________________________

Low-context culture – _________________________________________

Nonverbal communication – ____________________________________

Stereotype – _________________________________________________

Values –  ____________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

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