Put the following sentences in logical order. The first one is done for you.

a) The defendant answers the complaint.
b) The defense and prosecution attorneys examine the witnesses.
c) The plaintiff party writes a complaint.	1
d) The defendant appeals to the Crown Court.
e) The lawyer of a plaintiff sends a letter to the defendant.
f) The judge hears the trial.
g) If the defendant does not respond the complaint the suit starts.
h) The court produces the judgment.

 

5. Read the text again and answer the following questions:

1) Why does the lawyer of one party send a letter to the other party?

2) When does a lawsuit usually start?

3) How can both parties gather evidence?

4) Who hears the facts of the case in the court?

5) Where can the losing party appeal against the punishment?

6) Name all phases of litigation/trial process.

II. TRIAL PROCESS

Study the following words.

prosecution (n)	судебное преследование
plead (v)	признавать (виновным)
verdict (n)	вердикт, решение присяжных
sentence (n)	приговор
defence (n)	защита, оправдание
bail (n)	залог, поручительство
charge (n)	обвинение
testimony (n)	показания (свидетелей)

Complete the gaps with a word from the previous exercise.

Criminal trial process

The process of a criminal trial starts when an individual is arrested. Within 2 to 48 hours of the arrest, the defendant must be informed of the charges against him. If the (1) _______________ is not murder, bail will be set. The defendant will then be notified of when and where to appear next, then will be allowed to leave if (2) _______________has been set. If the defendant does not (3) ______________ guilty, and instead states he is not guilty, the case will move onto the trial phase.

First a jury is selected and the opening statements are heard. Next, the (4) ____________  and the defense will call their witnesses to give (5) _____________. The witnesses for the prosecution are called first. The (6) ________________ is permitted to cross-examine each witness in an attempt to disprove the witness’s statements.

After both sides have presented their evidence, the attorneys are given the opportunity to make a final argument to the jury. At this point, the judge will give closing instructions to the jury on how to proceed. The jury then retires from the courtroom to consider the case in secret. When they reach a decision, the jury returns to the courtroom and announces the (7)_______________ If the verdict is not guilty, the defendant is released. If he is found guilty, the judge will decide upon a (8) _______________ that the defendant must serve.

(Abridged and adapted from http: //www.essortment.com/all/criminaltrialp_rmga.htm)

Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right.

1 prosecution (n)	a) the lawyers who try to prove in a court that someone is NOT guilty
2 plead (v)	b) an official decision made in a court that someone is guilty
3 verdict (n)	c) a formal statement saying that something is true
4 sentence (v)	d) a police official statement that someone is accused of a crime
5 defence (n)	e) the lawyers who try to prove in a court that someone is guilty of a crime
6 bail (n)	f) to state in a court that you are guilty of a crime or not
7 charge (n)	g) to say officially what someone’s punishment is
8 testimony (n)	h) a sum of money given to a court to stay out of prison until the trial

BLOCK III

I. VOCABULARY FOCUS: WHAT IS WHAT IN A COURTROOM?

Study the picture and translate the words and expressions.

Match the words on the left with the sentences on the right.

1.Counsels’ Assistants	a.Witnesses and the public sit at the back of the courtroom.
2. Audience	b. Rooms where the accused are held
3. Interview rooms	c. Assistants help attorneys with research, questioning witnesses and writing reports.
4. Courtroom	d. Office used by judges to meet with assistants and attorneys and to prepare judgments.
5. Cells	e. Area of the court served for case hearing.
6. Judges’ office	f. Room in which jurors discuss their decision.
7. Jurors’ room	g. Rooms in which attorneys consult with their clients.

 

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