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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
PART III US AND UK LEGAL SYSTEMS. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. INTERNATIONAL LAWСтр 1 из 11Следующая ⇒
PART III US AND UK LEGAL SYSTEMS. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. INTERNATIONAL LAW UNIT 5 Text 1 Read the following text. Translate the underlined passage(s) into Russian. The Common law and civil law traditions Most nations today follow one of two major legal traditions: common law or civil law. The common law tradition emerged in England during the Middle Ages and was applied within British colonies across continents. The civil law tradition developed in continental Europe at the same time and was applied in the colonies of European imperial powers such as Spain and Portugal. Civil law was also adopted in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by countries formerly possessing distinctive legal traditions, such as Russia and Japan, that sought to reform their legal systems in order to gain economic and political power comparable to that of Western European nation-states. Answer the following questions. 1. What are the main laws which most nations apply today? 2. What are the origins of English Common Law? 3. Who is William Blackstone? What do you know about his work “Commentaries on the Laws of England”? 4. Trace the development of law in America? 6. Who is Justinian? What do you know about his work “Institutes”? 7. Why the 1805 case of Pierson v. Post and the 1925 California case of United States v. Robbins are so prominent for modern law?
Give equivalents of the following common law, civil law, the Middle Ages, European imperial powers, nation-states, statutes, the Norman Conquest, medieval kings, the system of writs, specific remedy, specific wrong, give birth to, the court of equity, the court of Chancery, Roman law, natural law, to achieve a just outcome, warrants and subpoenas, habeas corpus, imprison, jury trial, canon law, Enlightenment scholars, precedent, legal heritage, the founding fathers, property dispute, community property.
Court of International Trade The Court of International Trade hears cases involving appeals of rulings of U.S. Customs offices. Court of Claims The Court of Claims hears cases in which the U.S. Government is sued.
Exercises Find equivalents of the following. Туманный, неясный; отменить расовую сегрегацию; ознакомить подозреваемого с его правами, судебный надзор, федеральная судебная система, система законов, не иметь права на защиту, объявлять акты Конгресса неконституционными, поправка к Конституции, доктрина «раздельные, но равные», апелляционный суд, закон о торговых марках, суд низшей инстанции; право хранить молчание, право на консультацию адвоката до помещения в полицейский участок, уладить дело в суде, правительственное агентство, административный орган; претензионный суд; судебное решение; постановление судьи; слушать дело, выносить вердикт; гражданские и уголовные дела, окружные суды, судебный округ (2); список дел к слушанию, Внешнеторговый суд; патентное право; дело, являющееся вехой в судебной практике; председатель Верховного суда США, судебные заседатели, быть тесно связанным
Give as many synonyms as you can. judicial system, to dispatch cases, judicial review, to entitle, to abolish, to consult with an attorney, court decision, docket of cases, judicial districts, to render verdicts Translate into English 1) Федеральная судебная система, на основании системы законов США, определяет какие действия являются конституционными, а какие нет. 2) В 1803 году, в ходе рассмотрения одного из дел, возникло понятие судебного надзора и Верховный Суд США получил полномочия объявлять акты Конгресса неконституционными. 3) В 1853 году суд постановил, что афроамериканцы не являются гражданами США, и, следовательно, не имеют права на защиту в суде, предоставляемую большинству американцев. 4) На этом основании позже была отменена 14 поправка к Конституции. 5) В 1954 году решением суда была отменена расовая сегрегация в государственных средних школах США. 6) При задержании подозреваемому должны быть зачитаны его права. 7) Подозреваемый имеет право хранить молчания вплоть до встречи с адвокатом. 8) Верховный суд –это последняя инстанция для любого дела, которое не было разрешено в судах нижестоящих инстанций. 9) Верховный суд состоит из главного судьи и 8 судебных заседателей, которые назначаются Президентом США и чьи кандидатуры подтверждаются Сенатом. 10) Судья сам решает, когда ему следует прекратить свою деятельность. 11) Дела, которые рассматривает Верховный суд тесно связаны с конституционным и федеральным законом.12) Работа Верховного Суда традиционно начинается в первый понедельник октября и прекращается, когда заканчивается список дел к слушанию.13) Для отправления правосудия территория США поделена на 12 федеральных округов, которые в свою очередь подразделяются на 94 судебных округа. 14) Внешнеторговый суд слушает дела по вопросам международной торговли и разрешает таможенные споры. Civil courts Civil cases at first instance are heard in the County Courts (for minor claims) or the High Court, which is divided into three divisions: Queen's Bench [6], Family and Chancery. Cases may be appealed to the Court of Appeal (Civil Division). Cases may be appealed from the County Court to the High Court. The work of the Queen's Bench Division consists mainly of claims for: damages in respect of personal injury, negligence, breach of contract, libel and slander non-payment of a debt etc. The House of Lords used to be the supreme court of appeal. Its judicial functions are quite separate from its legislative work, and cases are heard by up to 13 senior judges known as the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary [7], or Law Lords. It shares its function as the supreme appellate court with. However the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 provides for the establishment of a Supreme Court to replace the judicial function of the House of Lords with an independent appointments system, thereby making a constitutional separation between the legislature and the judiciary. Criminal courts Criminal cases are heard at first instance in the Magistrates' Courts, with more serious ones being hears in the Crown Court. Appeals are heard in the Court of Appeal Criminal Division. Exercises UNIT 6 Text 1 US Courtroom
Before you read think: -What is the difference between the Crown Court and Magistrates Court in the UK? - What courts will be equivalent to them in the USA? - What are the people in the Courtroom and what are they supposed to do? - What are the functions of the Counsels? - Who decides the punishment? What are the options?
Read the following text. Translate the underlined passage(s) into Russian. The judge generally sits behind a raised desk, known as the bench. Behind the judge are the great seal of the jurisdiction and the flags of the appropriate federal and state governments. Judges usually wear a plain black robe (a requirement in many jurisdictions). An exception was the late U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist, who broke tradition by adorning his robe with four gold stripes on each sleeve. Adjacent to the bench are the witness stand and the desks where the court clerk and the court reporter sit. The courtroom is divided into two parts by a barrier known as the bar . The bar may be an actual railing , or an imaginary barrier. The bailiff stands against one wall and keeps order in the courtroom. On one side is the judge's bench, the tables for the plaintiff, the defendant, and their respective counsel, and a separate group of seats known as the jury box where the jury sits. However, not all jurisdictions allow for jury trials. Court personnel and jury members usually enter through separate doors. Apart from the parties to the case and any witnesses, only the lawyers can literally pass the bar, and this is the reason why the term " the bar" has come to refer to the legal profession as a whole. There is usually a podium between the two tables where the lawyers may stand when they argue their case before the judge. The other side of the bar is open to the general public and there are usually seats for curious spectators. This area is the gallery. Seating for the gallery can either be pew style benches or theater seats. It should be noted that all of the above applies only to trial courts. Appellate courts in the United States are not finders of fact, so they do not use juries or hear evidence; that is the trial court's job. Therefore, in an appellate court, there is neither witness stand nor a jury box, and the bench is much larger to accommodate multiple judges or justices. The walls are often partially or completely wood-paneled. This is a matter of style and tradition, but some jurisdictions have elected to construct courtrooms with a more " modern" appearance. Multiple courtrooms may be housed in a courthouse. England and Wales In a justice court, the defendant will usually be escorted by members of the security firm that has the contract to serve that court. In rare circumstances in civil trials a bailiff or someone else charged to keep order may be present. Courts vary considerably in their layout, which depends a great deal on the history of the building and the practicalities of its use. While some courts are wood- paneled, most are not. Depending on the layout of the room, a claimant may sit on either the right or left in a civil court, just as the prosecution may sit on either side (usually the opposite side to the jury) in a criminal court. Advocates usually speak standing up, but from where they were seated. There is rarely if ever space for them to move in any case. All appellate courts are capable of hearing evidence (and also to be finders of fact), for example where there is an allegation of bias in the lower court, or where fresh evidence is adduced to persuade the court to allow a retrial. In those cases witness evidence may be necessary and many appellate courts have witness stands. Flags are rarely seen in English courts. It is most common for the Royal Coat of Arms to be placed above and behind the judge, or presiding magistrate, although there are exceptions to this. For example in the City of London magistrates' court a sword stands vertically behind the judge which is flanked by the arms of the City and the Crown. Scotland As in other countries, the judge or sheriff sits on the bench. Directly below the bench is the clerk's station which usually has a computer to allow the clerk to get on with Court Disposal work during proceedings. Directly in front of the clerk is the well of court which has a semi-circular table at which all the advocates sit during proceedings. The Procurator Fiscal or Advocate Depute [8]always sits in the seat at the right of the clerk during criminal proceedings. Behind the well of the court is the dock in which the accused will sit during proceedings. Dependent on the style of the courtroom, the jury box will either be on the right or left hand side of the well of the court. Scotland is unique in the western world in that it has 15 jurors. Usually to the right or left of the bench slightly raised and facing forward is the stand where any witness who is called will give evidence. The stand is designed so that any solicitor examining a witness as well as the judge/sheriff may get a good view of the testimony. At the far side of the courtroom directly opposite the jury box and behind the stand are seats for journalists who are attached to the court and the court social worker. Seats for members of the public are the back of the courtroom. There is no court reporter in Scotland, normal summary cases are simply minuted by the clerk indicating the disposal. If the case is a solemn (more serious) case involving a jury or if the case has a sexual element then proceedings will be tape recorded which is done under the supervision of the clerk.
Exercises Fill in the gaps. Translate Part 1 1) the Bench 2) Chief Justice 3) court clerk 4) court reporter 5) bailiff 6) plaintiff
1) After much public pressure, the ________________ and other judges of the Supreme Court of India have declared their assets. 2) Justice of the Peace had requested that his current ___________, who officially is divided between his own and court clerk duties, become a full-time onу and create a new court clerk position. 3) The Chief Justice told me that this policy of the Australian stops him from nominating credible, well qualified individuals to serve on _____________. 4) A Haverhill woman still insists that she was arrested for what she says is a ________________________ 's mistake. 5) Meanwhile, a representative of the ___________ asked for some time to examine the documents presented by the defence lawyer. 6) The ___________ _________is a dying breed. Generation X and the Millenials are not getting their information in the same manner as people used to. Part 2 1) witness stand/box 2) advocate 3) the dock 4) the accused 5) testimony (n) 6) guilty (adj) 7) innocent (adj)
1) We'll believe you are _______________when you show us your receipt for the items in the bag. 2) You will be considered innocent until you are proven __________. 3) We will announce at a later date further hearings for the purpose of receiving __________________from governmental witnesses. 4) Do not assume that cautions or unpalatable advice reflects a lack of competence on the part of your ____________________. 5)But while one is sitting in the dock, the other will be called to take the______________________________. 6) __________________enjoys the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury. 7) Among the some 20 people in _____________in the revolutionary court in Tehran were a former minister and a number of other top political figures.
Text 2 Disorder in Court Below you will find excerpts from court proceedings. Comment on the misunderstandings, hidden in them. What do you think each of the speakers intended to say? Most language is spoken language, and most words, once they are uttered, vanish forever into the air. But such is not the case with language spoken during the courtroom trials, for there exists an army of court reporters whose job is to take down and preserve the very statement made during the proceedings.
Q. Now, Mrs. Johnson, how was your first marriage terminated? A. By death. Q. And by whose death was it terminated? Q. Mrs. Smith, you do believe that you are emotionally unstable? A. I used to be. Q. How many times have you committed suicide? A. Four times. Q. Doctor, how many autopsies have you performed on dead people? A. All my autopsies were on dead people. Q. Were you acquainted with the decedent? A. Yes, sir. Q. Before or after he died? Q. What happened then? A. He told me, “I have to kill you because you can identify me.” Q. Did he kill you? A. No. Q. Mrs. Jones, is your appearance this morning pursuant to a deposition notice which I sent to your attorney? A. No. This is how I dress when I go to work. Judge: Well, gentlemen of the jury, are you unanimous? Foreman: Yes, your Honor, we’re all alike - temporarily insane. The Court: Now, as we begin, I must ask you to banish all present information and prejudice from your minds, if you have any. Judge: I rarely do so, but for whatever purpose it may serve, I will indicate for the record that I approached this case with a completely open mind. Q. At the time you first saw Dr. McCarty, had you ever seen him prior to that time? Q. I understand you’re Bernie Davis’s mother. A. Yes. Q. How long have you known him? Q. Now I’m going to show you what has been marked as State’s Exhibit No. 2 and ask you to recognize the picture. A. John Fletcher. Q. That’s you? A. Yes, sir. Q. And you were present when the picture was taken, right? Q. As an officer of the Dodge City police department, did you stop an automobile bearing Kansas license plates SCR446? A. Yes, sir. Q. Was the vehicle occupied at that time? Q. Please state the location of your right foot immediately prior to the impact. A. Immediately prior to the impact, my right foot was located at the immediate end of my right leg. Q. Just what did you do to prevent the accident? A. I closed my eyes and screamed as loud as I could. Q. What can you tell us about the truthfulness and veracity of this defendant? A. Oh, she’ll tell you the truth. She said she was going to kill the son of a gun - and she did. TEXT TRANSLATION В ЗАЛЕ СУДА Судья обычно сидит на высокой скамье известной как «судейское место». За его спиной обычно находится изображение печати соответствующего федерального округа и флаг штата, в котором происходит судопроизводство. Судьи обычно одеты в простую черную мантию. Рядом с судейской скамьей находится место дачи свидетельская трибуна (место дачи свидетельских показаний). Зал суда разделен на 2 части барьером, который может иметь перегородки или быть воображаемым. У одной из стен обычно стоит судебный пристав, который поддерживает порядок в зале суда. По одну сторону судейской скамьи находятся столы истца и ответчика, за которыми они сидят со своими адвокатами. Напротив, них находится скамьи для присяжных судей, где эти судьи находятся во время слушания дела. Сотрудники суда и присяжные обычно заходят в зал заседаний в разные двери. В отличие от сторон судебного спора и присяжных, только юристы могут переходить «барьер». Обычно в зале находится небольшое возвышение, на которое защитники поднимаются и оспаривают свои дела перед судьей. По другую сторону находятся места для публики, людей, которые приходят послушать, что происходит в суде. Места для публики, как правило, имеют форму церковных скамеек. В отличие от состязательных судов в апелляционных судах не имеется, ни скамьи присяжных, ни свидетельской трибуны. Судейская скамья, напротив, гораздо больше, так как должна вмещать большее количество судей. Как правило, стены в зале суда покрыты деревянными панелями, но это скорее традиция, так современные суды часто выглядят иным образом. В здании суда может находиться большое количество залов судебных заседаний.
UNIT 7 Crime
Part 1 1) The driver has failed to pay more than 50 ____________ since 2006. In addition, he was involved in a drunk driving incident in 2007, police said. 2) Youngsters who break the law would be offered an opportunity to avoid a criminal record by undergoing ____________________ such as picking up litter. 3) He was fined $750 and about $550 in fees, received a 90-day ______________ and was required to take a seven-week safety course. 4) The guards will be patrolling the _____________ all day long 5) Your license shows a clean driving record except for one ____________________ from five years ago. 6) Nasr was put under _____________ in Egypt in 2004 and said he had been tortured while in detention. 7) The accused turns into the ____________________ right after the jury pleaded him guilty. Part 2 1) jail time 2) life in prison 3)cell (noun) 4) do time (verb + noun) 5) fine (noun) 6) torture 1) A judge has sentenced Griffin to _____________________on his murder charge and an additional five years for a second weapons charge. 2) Article 5 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states, " No one shall be subjected to ________________ or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 3) US banking giant JP Morgan Chase has agreed to__________________ of $75m (£ 45.3m) to settle charges that it bribed local officials in the US state of Alabama, 4) You won't be required to _________ any ________ but you will have to pay a fine. 5) Kerik pleaded guilty to two misdemeanors in 2006 and was forced to pay $221000 in fines, but served no _____________. 6) We'll have to keep you in a _____________ until someone comes to pay your bail. Listening (2) UNIT 8 Text 1 UK punishment Before you read think: -When the sentence becomes known to the criminal? Who passes verdicts? Who sentence the criminal to punishment? -What are the possible verdicts/sentences? What are the principles according to which they are passed? What is the most and the least serious punishment? What are the ways to avoid prison? Who is the last person to sentence a criminal?
Read the following text. Translate the underlined passage into Russian. The punishment you can expect if you are convicted of a crime will depend on what crime you committed. The law in the UK allocates punishment that is linked to the severity of the crime. Therefore theft for instance carries a lesser punishment than murder. The courts are guided as to the sentences and other punishments they can hand down to offenders. The law is regularly reviewed with sentences for some crimes increased as public pressure has indicated that the current punishment isn’t severe enough. The punishment should always fit the crime under UK law. The vast majority of punishments are handed down by the magistrates’ court as these courts deal with most of the criminal cases in the UK. Magistrates’ do, however, have limited powers and can refer an offender to the Crown Court if they think that the offender should receive a higher fine or longer sentence than they can impose. Some crimes also have automatic prison sentences. Offenders who are found guilty will usually get either an absolute discharge or a conditional discharge. An absolute discharge means that no further action will be taken against the offender. The offender still has a criminal record, but the court will take no action against them. A conditional discharge means that the offender will not get a punishment right away, but if they reoffend the court will hand down a punishment for the original crime and the new one they have committed. Young Offenders Anyone that is under the age of 21 could have a number of sentences imposed on them. In the UK there is an emphasis on rehabilitation of offenders where this is possible by sending them to institutions that can help them modify their behaviour. Very young children between the ages of 12-16 can be sent to a secure children’s home. Local authorities run these institutions. Young Offenders Institutions (YOIs) are for offenders between the ages of 15 and 21. The prison service runs these institutions that have a focus on education. Secure Training Centres are for offenders up the age of 17. They offer vocational training and education. If you are a repeat offender, and between the ages of 12 and 17 the court may decide that the best way to punish you and offer you rehabilitation is to use a Detention and Training Order (DTO). You will be sent to an institution for between 4 months and 2 years. Half of your sentence will be spent in the institution itself, with the second half spent in the community under the supervision of the Youth Offending Team. If the offence that you have committed means it will be heard at the Crown Court and the offence if committed by an adult could receive a sentence of 14 years or more, you could be sentenced under Section 90/91. Section 90 is for murder, with section 91 available if the court wants to impose a longer sentence.
Community Sentences Often the court may decide that a custodial sentence would not be in the best interest of the offender. Simply locking people behind bars is not seen as the best way to rehabilitate them. The courts have a wide-range of other powers and sentences they can use to avoid sending an offender to prison if they feel this would not be appropriate. These sentences include:
Generally the courts will try and match the punishment to the offence that has been committed. Detailed guidelines are available to all judges that will tell them the maximum sentence they can impose. Most crimes however don’t end with a prison sentence, as community service that offers society what is called ‘ restorative justice’ is more appropriate for most crimes as the offenders repair the damage that their crime has caused. Exercises 1. Find the equivalents to the following: назначить наказание соответствующее преступлению, условное освобождение, , повторно совершить преступление, , исправить поведение, учреждения для малолетних преступников, учебные центры закрытого типа, рецидивист, предписание о задержании и принудительном обучении, судимость детские дома закрытого типа, под надзором, сотрудники комиссии по делам несовершеннолетних, вынести более суровый приговор, приговор о содержании под стражей, запирать за решетку, предписание, , неоплачиваемая работа, , тюремный приговор, общественные работы, реабилитация преступников.
Listen to the VOA “THIS IS AMERICA “program “Death Sentences in U.S. at Their Lowest Level Since 1976” and fill the gaps in the sentences below. Mind that you will hear the tape once as far as it plays for about 15 minutes. DISCUSSION 1. Are you for or against the legalization of physician-assisted suicide? 2. What does “dying with dignity” mean to you? 3. Can a moral distinction be made between actively ending a life and letting a person die by withdrawing or refusing artificial life support? 4. If we support physician-assisted suicide are we devaluing the lives of those who live with severe disabilities? 5. If the ban on assisted suicide is lifted: - How might the doctor-patient relationship change? - Would health care providers be less inclined to threat the terminally ill and disabled? Would insurance companies be less inclined as well to pay for their expensive medical care if a “quick-fix” is available? - Do you think the disabled, elderly or chronically ill would feel pressure to end their lives in order to avoid being a burden on their families? - What measures can be taken (if any) to ensure that lethal medication be given to terminally ill patients only and not to those who are depressed or tired?
TEXT TRANSLATION.
СМЕРТНАЯ КАЗНЬ: ВЕРНУТЬ ИЛИ ОТМЕНИТЬ? Конституционный суд России в ближайший вторник может рассмотреть вопрос о применении смертной казни. Десять лет назад в стране был введен мораторий на эту меру наказания до тех пор, пока на всей территории страны не будет суда присяжных. Единственным субъектом, где не было такой юридической практики, оставалась Чеченская Республика. С нового года присяжные появятся и там, поэтому мораторий теряет конституционную силу. Под Вологдой в колонии для смертников содержат самых опасных преступников — насильников, серийных убийц, террористов. Здесь сидит приговоренный к смерти за захват школы в Беслане Нурпаши Кулаев. Высшую меру наказания ему заменили на пожизненное заключение согласно постановлению Конституционного суда, по сути, мораторию, действующему до появления судов присяжных на всей территории России. Чеченская республика — последний регион, где с нового года заработает подобная система. И поэтому у Верховного суда возник вопрос: можно ли теперь будет приводить смертные приговоры в исполнение, ведь более десяти лет назад Россия подписала Протокол №6 Европейской конвенции по защите прав человека, согласно которому смертная казнь должна быть отменена полностью. Советник председателя Конституционного суда Владимир Овчинский в одном из интервью заявил: «Смертная казнь с момента создания суда присяжных в Чечне может применяться по всей территории Российской Федерации». Конечно, есть много оговорок: если не будет изменено законодательство или не появится, например, мораторий президента. Ведь возможность применения высшей меры наказания прописана в Конституции. 1 января 2010 года наступает такой момент, когда судебная система становится полностью готовой для нового шага. «Это не столько вопрос о выполнении Россией своих международных обязательств. Хотя это тоже очень важно. Это вопрос нашей человеческой морали, цивилизованного развития», — уверен Константин Косачев, председатель комитета Госдумы РФ по международным делам, фракция «Единая Россия». Сегодня смертная казнь отменена в большинстве стран мира. Однако остается немало и таких, где смертные приговоры выносятся и исполняются. Самое суровое законодательство — в Китае, где в прошлом году были казнены более полутора тысяч человек. Расстрелять могут даже за коррупцию. В России споры о применении высшей меры идут давно. Какого наказания заслуживают, например, убийцы детей? «Мы говорим в большинстве своем о конченых уродах рода человеческого, — подчеркивает Владимир Плигин, председатель комитета Госдумы РФ по конституционному законодательству, фракция “Единая Россия”. — Но мы должны понимать и другую составляющую — возможность ошибки. А это, мягко говоря, не простая эмоциональная вещь». О том, что Конституционный суд Российской Федерации должен официально высказать свою позицию, признают многие. И совершенно понятно, что какой бы она ни была, найдутся сторонники и, естественно, противники. Слишком много, как и этических, так и чисто политических разногласий, которые, похоже, все-таки придется решить. CASE STUDY Who is the murderer? 1. Read the description of the facts. Alec Crabtree was found dead at his desk in his study last night. He had been hit on the head with a blunt object. He had been sitting at the desk with his back to the door, and was in the middle of writing a letter. He was found by his wife, when she went in to bring him his bedtime cocoa at 11.15 p.m., but his watch, which had been smashed in the struggle, had stopped at 11.05 p.m. 2. Divide into groups. Analyze the list of suspects: The suspects are the people who were in the house at the time: - Mrs. Crabtree (the dead man’s wife); - Daniel Crabtree (the dead man’s brother); - Mr. and Mrs. Fairfax (old friends of the Crabtrees); - Susie (the maid).
3. Discuss, make deductions about the identity of the murderer, or his/her probable actions, based on the evidence given on the clue card. 4. Summarize and generalize the case. Clue-cards Card 1. A silver vase was missing from the room. Card 2. The window was open. Card 3. A cigarette-butt was found by the body. Card 4. Everybody smokes except Mr. Crabtree and the maid. Card 5. A piece of red material was found on the window. Card 6. The silver vase (badly dented) was found in a flowerbed. Card 7. A note was found in Mrs. Crabtree's handbag. It said: Alec, meet me in the garden at 11 o’clock Alice. Card 8. Everyone was playing cards until 11 p.m., except Susie, who was washing-up in the kitchen between 10.30 and 11.15. Card 9. At 11 o’clock Mr. Crabtree got up and said he had a letter to write. He went into the study. Card 10. Mrs Crabtree's name is not Alice. Card 11. Mrs Fairfax went outside at 11 o ’clock, saying she needed fresh air. Card 12. In the drawer of the desk was a will. The will left £ 10, 000 to Daniel. Card 13. The maid heard footsteps in the hall and the study door opening at just after 11 o’clock. Card Card 14. Daniel had debts of about £ 9, 000. Card 15. At about five past eleven, the maid heard the front door opening and footsteps in the hall. It was Mrs Fairfax, coming in from the garden. She went straight into the living room. Card 16. Daniel and Mr Fairfax started to watch a TV programme after the game of cards finished at 11 o'clock. They were still watching it at five past eleven when Alice Fairfax came in and joined them. Card 17. Alec Crabtree had been writing a letter. It began: Dear Anne, I don't know how to tell you this, but I am leaving you. Alice and I. Card 18. At about ten past eleven, the maid heard the front door opening again. This time it was Mrs Crabtree, who came into the kitchen and started to make cocoa for herself and her husband. Card 18. Mrs. Crabtree’s name is Anne.
VOCABULARY LIST 3. Crime, to commit a crime, criminal Criminal Law/Civil Law offence against the law felony, misdemeanor; petty crime criminal offence/tort violent crime: attempted murder, contract murder, premeditated murder, voluntary/ involuntary murder, manslaughter, homicide robbery kidnapping/ abduction, to pay ransom to blackmail, blackmail property crime: raid, mugging, smash-and-grab raid, ram-raiding, hold-up burglary, house-breaking, break-in theft, thief, larceny arson, to set fire to the building car-theft, joyriding, carjacking pickpocketing, shoplifting high crime: high treason, treason sexual crime: harassment, rape, molestation child abuse international crime terrorism, hijacking, hold smb hostage smuggling, drug trafficking organized crime Italian Organized crime, mafia Eurasian criminal Enterprises Sports Bribery white-collar crime: antitrust laws violation bankruptcy fraud, mortgage fraud identity theft money laundering, to launder money Computer /cyber crime copyright infringement, software piracy, warez, hacking child grooming, child pornograpy financial crime: tax evasion/avoidance embezzlement fraud, con, scam forgery, fake extortion, to blackmail, blackmail foreign exchange offences money-laundering, to launder money bribe, bribery PART III US AND UK LEGAL SYSTEMS. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. INTERNATIONAL LAW UNIT 5 Text 1 Read the following text. Translate the underlined passage(s) into Russian. |
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