SUNBERRY – THE CULTURE OF THE XXI CENTURY

The high rates of modern society development result in rough changes of its habitat at the expense of rapid technocreatisation and excessive chemicalization.

One of the possible ways of people feeding system improvement is application of modern processing technologies of new sorts of vegetable and fruit cultures. Thus, the usage of regional raw resources is very important. It allows, on the one hand, cut down foodstuff cost price and on the other hand, to enrich Siberian ration by an indispensable vitaminous mineral complex preventive current.

One of perspective plants for regional cultivation is the solanaceous hybrid sunberry. Sunberry or posdnika – is a result of famous American selector Luther Berbank long work. Specimen of flora, such as African nightshade and European procumbent nightshade were taken from different continents as parental forms. From the African ancestor sunberry has got productivity, beauty, tendency to big fruit, but from the European one – good flavour.

On biological properties sunberry is similar to tomatoes. The plant has got a thick tetrahedral stem with strong stalks. The bush is 70-90 cm, brancy. Fruit – black pulpy berries by the size of cherry, 8-15 berries are bunchied. The plant is simple, psychrotolerant, drought – resistant and is on high production. Sunberry steadily flowers and matures to the back-end; productivity – about a bucket from a bush.

Despite of sunberry popularity in many countries, in Russia it is still little known even to specialists. In European countries dietary qualities and healing power of this plant are appreciated: for the wide spectrum of healing power sunberry is also called «miracle berry». Even such ancient doctors as Hippocrat, Dioscorid, Avicenna successfully treated many diseases by the sunberry forbear – nightshade. It is known that sunberry fruit salutary effect on the acuity of vision. Moreover, sunberry is antiseptic, laxative and diuretic.

Sunberry juice is used to treat neurosises, gastritis, colitis, cystitis, high blood-pressure disease, neuralgia, bronchial asthma and also it is used to gargle when it is tonsillitis and as drops when it is chronical catarrh.

Scientific Notes

54. Read the song. Why does the singer think it’s a good idea to exercise regularly? a) Do you exercise regularly? Why/ Why not? b) What kind of exercise do you think is the most effective? Discuss.

Take Care

Keep your body in its prime

To treat it badly is a crime.

Exercising is the key

To living your life healthily.

 

Look after yourself every day

Be good to you in every way.

Danger’s waiting everywhere

Stay fit, stay healthy; just take care.

 

Make sure you stay at your best,

Make the time to have a rest,

Relax your body and your mind,

Leave your troubles far behind.

Unit II

Public Catering Establishments

Language Focus: Gerund

Translate the following sentences. Mind the form of the Gerund.

1. We dream of her baking cookies and biscuits.

2. You know of their having made some dough for buns and scones.

3. She decided fish being baked in the oven.

4. She decided fish having been baked in the oven.

5. He insisted on sugar and leavening being added to the dough.

6. He insisted on sugar and leavening having been added to the dough.

7. He insisted on that student’s being sent to the conference.

8. I know of a report being made every month.

9. The children dreamed of his mother cooking waffles and doughnuts.

10. We read of early man having discovered different cooking methods.

 

Translate the following sentences. Analyse the function of the Gerund.

1. Using flavourings is good for food dishes.

2. Steaming vegetables is much better than boiling.

3. Eating most fruits and vegetables raw is advised by doctors.

4. The dream of trying seafood in a good restaurant sometimes comes to my mind.

5. The time of cooking meat and poultry is different.

6. The ingredients for making many sauces are butter, flour and milk.

7. My dream is becoming a good cook.

8. Stewing is cooking in liquid.

9. Combining the two methods is using dry heat and moist heat to cook food.

10. Making mayonnaise is beating oil and yolk slowly and gently together with the addition of a little vinegar or lemon juice and seasoning to taste.

 

3. Translate the following sentences.

1. Boiling is the most common way of cooking vegetables.

2. Eggs can be used in many different ways in cooking.

3. Scrambled eggs are made by blending the eggs with a little milk and cooking in fat until thickened.

4. Many different flavourings can be folded before serving.

5. Seafood and fish do not usually need much cooking.

6. Making dough and batter is mixing flour, salt, liquid and shortening in different proportions.

7. Let’s start making salad.

8. I enjoy eating seafood and fish.

9. We like baking biscuits and cookies.

10. They insist on fruit and vegetables being eaten raw.

 

Compare the verbal noun with the Gerund in the following sentences.

Verbal Noun 1. The doing homework is necessary. 2. The Lomonosov readings at Moscow State University take place once a year. 3. I remember that the reading of this book was a very pleasant occupation.

Gerund 1. Doing homework is necessary. 2.His reading English economic literature helps him in his research work. 3. I remember reading this book.

Translate the following sentences. Analyse the function of the Gerund.

1. By using these ingredients you can bake a cake.

2. We can’t cook well without learning the cooking methods.

3. In addition to grilling a chicken she roasted a duck.

4. Jane heard of using different methods of cooking fish dishes.

5. Do you enjoy baking buns, scones and biscuits.

6. I don’t mind roasting the meat on a spit.

7. He has just finished frying some meat cuts.

8. The guests went on eating the dessert.

9. Kate stopped baking cookies and biscuits.

10. His having cooked the meat dishes so well surprised them.

6. Put the verbs into the correct form, -ing or to… sometimes either form is possible.

1. They denied … … the money. ( steal)

2. I don’t enjoy … … very much. ( drive)

3. I don’t want … … out tonight. I’m so tired. ( go)

4. Has it stopped … … yet? ( rain)

5. Can you remind me … … some coffee when we go out? ( buy)

6. I refuse … … any more questions. ( answer)

7. One of the boys admitted … … the window. ( break)

8. I hope … … you again soon. ( see)

9. Julia has been ill but now she’s beginning … … better. ( get)

10. Please remember … … the door when you go out. ( lock)

11. a) I need a change. I need … … away for a while. ( go)

b) She isn’t able to look after herself. She needs … … after. ( look)

c) The windows are dirty. They need … …. ( clean)

d) Why are you leaving now? You don’t need … … yet, do you? ( go)

 

Choose the Russian sentences equivalent to the following.

1. They are glad of having translated such interesting articles.

a) Они рады, что переведут такие интересные статьи.

b) Они рады, что перевели такие интересные статьи.

c) Они рады, что переводят такие интересные статьи.

2. He remembers having been asked to make a review of the latest news.

a) Он помнит, что попросил сделать обзор последних известий.

b) Он помнит тот обзор последних известий, который его попросили сделать.

c) Он помнит, что его попросили сделать обзор последних известий.

3. We know of these firms having concluded a number of important contracts.

a) Мы знаем, что эти фирмы заключают ряд важных контрактов.

b) Мы знаем, что эти фирмы заключили ряд важных контрактов.

c) Мы знаем, что у этих фирм есть ряд важных заключенных контрактов.

 

Change sentences using Gerund.

It’s important to learn English. – Learning English is important.

1. It’s foolish to have a decision without knowing the facts.

2. It’s difficult to plan your future.

3. It isn’t necessary to entertain friends every day.

4. It isn’t essential to go somewhere.

5. It’s a good idea to spend a few days in the South.

6. It’s enjoyable to read a journal.

7. It’s hard to do some work on holiday.

Put the verbs into the correct form.

1. This cut of meat is good for (to roast).

2. I like (to cook).

3. Vegetables needn’t (to boil) too long.

4. The tablecloth is dirty, it needs (to wash).

5. Thank you for (to help) us.

6. I’m afraid of (to be) late for dinner.

7. Broiler chickens are good for (to grill).

Skills Focus

Read and study the words.

public catering establishments - предприятия общественного питания

to eat out - есть (вне дома)

café - кафе

canteen - столовая

restaurant - ресторан

fast-food restaurants - рестораны быстрого обслуживания

snack bar - закусочная

snack - легкая закуска

to have a snack - перекусить

cafeteria - кафетерий

buffet - буфет

to arrange - устраивать, располагать

automatic vending machines - магазины-автоматы

network - сеть

to bake - выпекать

conventional - обычный

menu card - меню

high grade - высшее меню

tray - поднос

to pour - разливать

cooling - охлажденный

to order - заказывать

recipe - рецепт

meals - еда, прием пищи

takeaway meal - еда на вынос

tender - нежный

fame - репутация

counter - стойка

to eliminate - устранять

seating capacity - вместимость

to place - помещать

plate service - подача блюд на тарелках ‘в обнос’

item - предмет

device - прибор, приспособление

fizzy - газированный (напиток)

still - негазированный

treat - угощать

queue - стоять в очереди

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