Analyse the function of the Participles.

1. Carbohydrates digesting rather quickly supply energy for the body.

2. Containing different materials foods help your body to stay strong and healthy.

3. Proteins consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements, they are absolutely necessary for building and repairing our bodies.

4. Well cooked food is better for digestion of your body.

5. Milk and butter (or margarine) are needed every day.

6. Do you prefer fresh snack or tinned food?

7. Do people often eat reheated food?

8. When taking a bath just after a meal you don’t give the digestive system time to get to work on food.

9. People having eaten too much meat died early of various diseases in the 18^th century.

10. Overcooked vegetables are tasteless.

Translate the following sentences, mind Participle Construction.

1. The question being too difficult, no one could answer.

2. He was compiling a programme for a computer, two students helping him.

3. The train being late, we decided to return home.

4. Having visited New Zealand I also tried boiled beef, chicken stews and famous baked beans.

5. Coming to Russia foreign tourists would like to try special Russian dishes as Siberian pelmeni, soft, pressed and red caviar and others.

6. Studying English we learn many new words.

7. He gave his birthday party having cooked delicious dinner.

8. “It’s boring and tasteless” – say foreign people criticizing the English meal.

9. Inventing sauces and complex recipes cooks disguise the natural taste of the ingredients.

10. They enjoyed dinner eating the pike-perch in wine and the sturgeon on a spit.

Analyse the function of the Participle.

1. A lot of people in this country are constantly overeating.

2. We have just ordered bacon and eggs, toast, jam and a cup of coffee.

3. When you eat sweets too much you are getting fat.

4. Vitamins are needed for your bodies.

5. Fats are found in butter, cream, milk, oily fish, meat, olive oil, sunflowereseed oil.

6. She is baking pancakes at the moment.

7. They are going to America soon.

8. The Browns have just ordered a big choice of appetizers.

9. I was recommended bean cold boiled pork with spices.

10. She is on a slimming diet so this week she is eating only various salads.

Translate the following sentences and analyse the Participle.

1. Sauces and complex recipes having been invented, the natural taste of basic ingredients was disguised.

2. New potatoes just boiled and butter being served, they are full of flavour.

3. English meals being difficult to cook, you can’t find a good English restaurant with reasonable prices.

4. A surprising number of dishes from all over the world having been imported, you can find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants in most cities in Britain.

5. Cold meat dishes having been tasted, our guests started eating hot dishes.

6. The waiter having brought special pot-roast, we enjoyed eating it.

9. Translate the following word formations.

a) 1. the college educating the students;

2. the teacher asking the student;

3. the growing population of the country;

4. the plan containing many details;

5. the young men entering the Institute;

6. the manager heading the department.

b) 1. using new methods;

2. achieving good results;

3. receiving important information;

4. having decided to leave the city;

5. having passed all examinations;

6. having been shown the wrong way.

Put the verbs into the correct form.

1. We (to have) breakfast now.

2. The man (to come) into the dining hall is our maitre-d’hotel.

3. The guests (to drink) cocktails now.

4. The duck (to stuff) with apples is very tasty.

5. The meals (to serve) in our restaurant are not very expensive.

6. (To finish) their breakfast the guests paid the bill.

7. What she (to cook) now? - She (to roast) steaks.

11. Translate in writing.

1. блюдо, заказанное посетителем

2. десерт, приготовленный поваром

3. жареная курица

4. отварная рыба

5. напиток, рекомендуемый детям

6. окончив обед

7. замешивая тесто

8. изучив меню

9. грибы, запеченные в сметане

10. нарезанный лук

Skills Focus

Read and study the words.

cuisine - кухня, кулинарное искусство

nourishment - питание

sour - кисломолочный

flavouring - ароматный, приятный на вкус

sauce - соус

dessert - десерт

caviar - икра

salmon - лосось, семга

sturgeon - осетрина

aspic - заливное

ham - ветчина

delicious - изысканный, вкусный

taste - пробовать на вкус; вкус

beverage - напиток

appetizer - закуска

dish - блюдо

to slice up - нарезать тонкими ломтиками

to stuff - фаршировать

to boil - кипятить

to fry - жарить

mashed potatoes - картофельное пюре

buckwheat kasha - гречневая каша

pie - пирог

flour - мука

granulated - раздробленный, превращенный в зерно

yeast - дрожжи

to stew - тушить

poultry - домашняя птица

game - дичь

to steam - варить на пару, парить

cereal - каша, крупа, злаки

Read the text and say what English dishes you would like to try.

ENGLISH COOKING

There is no single European cuisine. French, yes; Spanish, yes; German, yes; etc. And within each country there are regional specialties. Similarly, there is no “UK cuisine”. But is there a distinctive English cuisine? A visitor to England might think not. In London and other big cities – and even in small towns, or in the countryside you may find Chinese restaurants, Indian restaurants, Italian, French, Russian, Greek, Indonesian… Well, you name it and England has got it! With one notable exception. There are very few restaurants that call themselves “English”. Simpsons on the Strand in London is one of the very few restaurants which specialize in and advertise traditional English food.

The very expression “English cuisine” sounds a little strange to the English. This may be for historical reasons, because of the now extinct “Protestant Ethic” of hard work and a very simple life at home. British people used to say, with scorn (or perhaps envy? ), that “the French live to eat, and we eat to live”. The word “cuisine” itself sounded foreign (as it is! ) and self-indulgent, as opposed the idea of “good, plain (simple), sensible, English food”.

But of course there is an English cuisine. Lots of dishes are not-so-good, very plain, not so sensible (overcooked vegetables especially), and decidedly boring. Rice pudding, for example. But there is another, better, side of the coin. There is Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding, Lancashire Hot-Pot, and lots of other delicious dishes. That’s the good news. The bad news is that, to have a real English meal, you have to eat it at home with an English family. Not any family, however. In all countries there are good cooks – and the other sort… But even if you are not lucky to have an English meal at home with a good English cook, all is not lost. You can try “Fish & Chip Shop” – probably the first “takeaway” in the world – or you can have delicious, and very cheap, meals in a pub: Ham, Eggs and chips, Shepherd’s pie, and so on. The English do not have any expression like “Приятного аппетита! ” so they borrow words from the French and say - “Bon Appetit”.

Rice pudding - a sweet dish made of rice, milk, and sugar cooked together

Yorkshire pudding - a food made from flour, eggs and milk, eaten with meat in Britain

Hot-Pot - a mixture of meat, potatoes and onions, cooked slowly together

Takeaway - a shop or restaurant that sells meals to be eaten somewhere else

Translate in writing.

не иметь хорошую репутацию; жареное мясо с джемом (яблочный соус со свининой); свежие и полны аромата и вкуса; изобретать соусы; свежеотваренный картофель; 4^х разовый прием пищи в день; слишком много хорошей полезной еды; есть одно и тоже; только перекусить; пить чай; следовать традиции; выбрать время для чая в ежедневном расписании; есть вне дома, так часто, как другие европейцы; типично английские блюда; довести блюда до совершенства; приемлемые цены.

Form common partnerships.

- bacon and… - bread and… - macaroni and… - hamburger and… - fish and… - cake and… - toasts, jam and… - cornflakes…

a. french fries b. cheese c. eggs d. chips e. ice cream f. butter g. milk h. tea

Read the text and ask 6-7 questions on it.

THE BRITISH AND FOOD

Visitors to Britain generally agree about one thing – British cooking. “It’s terrible! ” they say. “You can cook vegetables in so many interesting ways, but the British cook vegetables for too long, so they lose their taste.” These visitors eat in the wrong places. The best British cooking is in good restaurants and hotels, or at home.

British tastes have changed a lot over the past twenty years. In the 1990s the national average for each person was 352 grams of “red’ meat each week, but now it’s less than 250 grams. People prefer chicken and fresh fish. And more people are interested in healthy eating these days. In 1988 the national average was 905 grams of fruit and fruit juices each week, but now it’s nearly 2, 000 grams.

The British have a “sweet tooth”. They love cakes, chocolates and sweets.

Today many people want food to be quick and easy. When both parents are working, they cannot cook large meals in the evenings. ‘Ready-made’ meals from supermarkets and Marks and Spenser and ‘take-away’ meals from fast food restaurants are very popular. If you are feeling tired or lazy, you can even phone a local restaurant. They will bring the food to your house.

Eating out. Twenty years ago, British people usually ate at home. They only went out for a meal at special times, like for somebody’s birthday. But today, many people eat out at least once a week.

English breakfast. If you go to a hotel in Britain and ask for a typical English breakfast, you’ll probably get bacon and eggs, sausage, mushrooms, baked beans and tea and toast. When porridge or fruit juice are offered, as well, the meal is sometimes advertised as a ‘full English breakfast’. But how many people in England actually eat an English breakfast? Only one person in ten! In fact, today’s English breakfast is more likely to be nothing! One in five people say all they have for breakfast is a cup of coffee, and many children go to school without eating anything.

Lunch. If you go to Britain to study English and you stay with a family you will almost certainly be given a ‘packed lunch’ to eat for your midday meal. Some factories and schools have canteens where you can eat but the packed lunch is the most common thing to eat. A packed lunch usually consists of some sandwiches, a packet of crisps, an apple and a can of something to drink, for example, Coca-Cola. The quality of the packed lunch can vary from terrible to very good, it all depends on who makes it.

In the past traditional steakhouses were very popular places, but now many people prefer foreign food. Every British town has Indian and Chinese restaurants, and large towns have restaurants from many other countries too.

Pubs are also very popular. There are over 60, 000 pubs in the UK (53, 200 in England and Wales, 5, 200 in Scotland and 1, 600 in Northern Ireland). British people drink an average of 99.4 litres of beer every year. More than 80% of this beer is drunk in pubs and clubs.

The British and Tea. The British population drinks about 2, 000, 000, 000 cups of tea a day! That’s an average of nearly 1, 040 cups of tea a year for each person. Tea - mostly green tea from China – came to Britain in the late 1500s, but it was only for the very rich. It became cheaper about three hundred years later, when it was planted in India and later in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). People from all classes started drinking it. But some people thought that too much tea was bad for your health. So they started putting milk in it, to make it healthier!

Afternoon tea, high tea, lunch and dinner. Afternoon tea is a small meal, not a drink. Now most ordinary British families do not have time for afternoon tea at home, but in the past it was a tradition. It became popular about a hundred and fifty years ago, when rich ladies invited their friends to their houses for an afternoon cup of tea. They started offering their visitors sandwiches and cakes too. Soon everybody was enjoying this exciting new meal.

But the British working population did not have afternoon tea. They had a meal at about midday, and a meal after work, between five and seven o’clock. This meal was called ‘high tea’, or just ‘tea’. Some families in Scotland and the north of England still have “high tea’ and some restaurants in these areas offer it too. High tea is a big meal with a main dish – meat or fish – followed by bread and butter and cakes. You drink lots of cups of tea with high tea.

Today, most people have a meal between 12 and 2 p.m. In the past, this meal was called ‘diner’ in working families. But now most people call it ‘lunch’. ‘Dinner’ has become a bigger meal in the evenings.

Fish and chips. Fish and chips is the classic English take-away food. It is usually bought ready cooked at special shops – fish and chip shop (or ‘chippies’ as they are sometimes called) – and taken away wrapped in paper to be eaten at home or outside. If you go to a fish and chip shop, you’ll be asked if you want salt and vinegar to be sprinkled over your chips. Be careful because sometimes they give you too much!

Would you like a cuppa? If someone asks you if you would like a cuppa, they are asking if you would like a cup of tea. If someone says ‘let me be mother’ or ‘shall I be mother’, they are offering to pour out the tea from the teapot.

British dinner. A typical British meal for dinner is meat and ‘two veg.’ A gravy covers the meat, and one of the vegetables is almost always potatoes. However, this meal is rarely eaten nowadays – most people in Britain are eating curry. In fact, the most recent survey found that curry is now Britain’s most popular meal!

Gravy - a sauce made from the juice that comes from meat as it cooks, mixed with flour

Curry - a type of food from India consisting of meat or vegetables covered in a thick liquid with a hot taste

Two veg = two vegetables

Baked beans - a dish consisting of beans cooked in a sauce made from tomatoes

Prospects

Complete the sentences.

For breakfast the English people like eating…

They are also fond of…

On weekends many of them prefer…

They like having…

For lunch they would rather…

Sometimes they have…

They’re keen on having…

For dinner they’d like… (they would like…)

They love eating…

They enjoy drinking…

For supper they prefer…

They hate eating…

Some of them follow the tradition and have…

18. Read the text. Write the correct question heading for each paragraph.

Where does our food come from?

What do we eat?

How do we eat?

Food Around the World

For 99% of human history, people took their food from the world around them. They ate all that they could find, and then moved on. Then about 10 000 years ago, or for 1% of human history, people learned to farm the land and control their environment.

The kind of food we eat depends on which part of the world we live in, or which part of our country we live in. In the south of China they eat rice, but in the north they eat noodles. In Scandinavia, they eat a lot of herrings, and the Portuguese love sardines. But in central Europe, away from the sea, people don’t eat so much fish; they eat more meat and sausages. In Austria, Germany and Poland there are hundreds of different kinds of sausages.

In North America, Australia, and Europe there are two or more courses to every meal and people eat with knives and forks. In China there is only one course, all the food is together on the table, and they eat with chopsticks. In parts of India and the Middle East people use their fingers and bread to pick up the food.

Nowadays it is possible to transport food easily from one part of the world to the other. We can eat what we like, when we like, at any time of the year. Bananas come from the Caribbean or Africa; rice comes from India or the USA; strawberries come from Chile or Spain. Food is very big business. But people in poor countries are still hungry and people in rich countries eat too much.

New Headway

Answer the questions.

1. Which food comes from your country?

2. Which foreign food and drink is popular in your country?

3. When did human history start? Was it about 10 000 years ago or was it about 1 million years ago?

4. Do they eat much rice in the north of China?

5. Why do the Scandinavians and the Portuguese eat a lot of fish?

6. Where don’t people eat much fish?

7. Which countries have many kinds of sausages?

8. How many courses are there in China?

9. How do people eat in the Middle East?

10. Why can we now eat most things as any time of the year?

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