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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
IS THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AFFECTING OUR CLIMATE?
The greenhouse effect is unquestionably real and helps to regulate / establish the temperature of our planet. It is essential for life on Earth and is one of Earth’s natural / casual processes. It is the result of hot / heat absorption by certain gases in the biosphere / atmosphere (called greenhouse gases because they effectively ‘trap’ heat in the lower atmosphere) and re-radiation downward of some of that heat. Water vapour / spray is the most abundant greenhouse gas, followed by carbon dioxide and other trace gases. Without a natural greenhouse effect, the climate / temperature of the Earth would be about zero degrees F(-18°C) instead of its present 57°F (14°C). So, the concern is not with the fact that we have a greenhouse effect, but whether industrial / human activities are leading to an enhancement of the greenhouse effect.
3.31. Read the text Global Warming and choose the correct word after it. GLOBAL WARMING Few people now (0). .question.. the reality of global warming and its effects on the world’s climate. Many scientists (1) …….. the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase (2) …….. the world’s temperatures and are convinced that, more than (3) …….. before, the Earth is at (4) …….. from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (5) …….. to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, (6) …….. as hurricanes and droughts, even more (7) …….. and causing sea levels all around the world to (8) ……... Environmental groups are putting (9) …….. on governments to take action to reduce the (10) …….. of carbon dioxide which is given (11) …….. by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (12) …….. of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (13) ……... Some scientists, (14) …….., believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (15) …….. hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.
0 A) hesitate B) question C) disagree D) concern 1. A) give B) put C) take D) have 2. A) in B) at C) by D) to 3. A) yet B) never C) once D) ever 4. A) threat B) danger C) risk D) harm 5. A) Concerning B) Regarding C) Depending D) According 6. A) such B) just C) even D) well 7. A) strict B) severe C) strong D) heavy 8. A) raise B) arise C) rise D) lift 9. A) force b) pressure C) persuasion D) encouragement 10. A) amount B) deal C) number D) count 11. A) off B) away C) up D) over 12. A) belief B) request C) favour D) suggestion 13. A) factories B) generations C) houses D) stations 14. A) but B) although C) despite D) however 15. A) several B) over C) numerous D) various
3.32. Choose the correct word. LOCAL NEWS IN BRIEF Thresham Valley under Water? Plans to turn much of the Thresham Valley into a large puddle / reservoir to provide drinking water for the local area have received mixed reactions. Local councilors have praised the scheme, arguing that the environmental and economic benefits of flooding / pouring the valley will far outweigh the disadvantages. Several small rural / urban communities – two villages, three hamlets and two farms – in the valley will disappear, however. Lucky Escape for Farmer A farmer was struck by thunder / lightning on Thursday evening while mending a fence in one of his plains / fields. The farmer, Jack Dobson, received treatment for slight burns at Meldew Hospital. Talking about the incident later, he said: “It was drizzling / showering slightly when I went out, but I’d checked the weather prediction / forecast and it hadn’t said there was going to be a thunderstorm. It was lucky I was wearing my Wellington boots! ” Save Bags and Save Money Shoppers at a local supermarket are being urged not to throw away the supermarket’s plastic shopping bags. A spokesperson for Asdo said: “For every new bag we make, the factory has to pump out industrial waste / litter and that’s increasing pollution in the suburban / surrounding area. We want to reduce the number of bags we make each year. We’re offering a financial incentive to our customers to reuse / repeat their bags by bringing them with them every time they shop with us rather than getting new ones each time.” Local Academic Causes a Stir An academic from Davington University has caused controversy by claiming that global / worldwide warming is not caused by human disregard for the weather / environment. In her new book entitled Are We to Blame?, Professor Angela Lucini argues that large-scale changes in the Mediterranean land / climate, for example, have taken place ever since the world was formed. “People weren’t responsible for the Ice Ages, or their coming to an end, and we certainly weren’t responsible for the fact the dinosaurs became extinct / endangered, so it’s a bit presumptuous of us to think we’re responsible for all the problems were facing now, isn’t it? ” she said. Councillor Calls for an End to the Fireplace Local councillor Davina Forrest is calling for a ban on the use of coal fires at home. “There’s no doubt that if domestic chimneys stopped pumping out smoke / fog into the atmosphere, the air / wind we’d all be breathing would be much cleaner / cleare ”, she said.
3.33. Read the text Climate Extremes and do the exercises after it. CLIMATE EXTREMES In certain parts of the world, people’s actual survival depends on the way that they adapt their lives to the extreme weather conditions of their environments. Extreme heat. Temperatures in the Australian outback – the central desert area of Australia – can often exceed 50°C for the summer months. Due to the strength of the sun over this part of the world, Australia has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world. Since 1981, there has been an official campaign by the Australian government to encourage Australians to protect their skin from the sun. Forest fires are another result of consistently high temperatures. These have become more and more common in the past few years, even happening around the city of Sydney. Snow and extreme cold. Valdez in Northern Alaska is used to battling against the elements. The town was relocated in 1964 after an earthquake and tidal wave completely destroyed it, and it currently has the record snowfall for the whole continent of North America – 7.7 metres per year. Snow and ice are part of daily life for Alaskans. Many towns are accessible only by sea or by air, as roads either don’t exist or are blocked for most of the year. Some houses are built without excavating any foundations, and most have special strong roofs to support the snow, and features such as windows that only open inwards so that they aren’t ripped off by the Arctic wind. Hurricanes. Thanks to its coastal location and tropical climate, Florida is the American state most regularly hit by hurricanes. On average (normally) a hurricane happens along the Florida coast every 3 years. Most cause some damage to buildings and vehicles but some, such as Hurricane Andrew in 1992, can cause devastation. Andrew was the worst hurricane in America’s history and caused 65 deaths and $26 billion worth (value) of damage to property. Not surprisingly, Floridans spend a lot of money protecting their homes from hurricane damage. They prefer concrete (cement) walls to wooden or metal constructions, and most windows and doors have hurricane shutters (a cover for a window). Some new houses are also being built with special reinforced rooms for sheltering (covering and protecting yourself) from hurricanes. Tornadoes. Tornadoes happen during storms when warm air and strong winds begin to spin (to turn quickly) upwards. These distinct funnel-shaped (a utensil with a wide mouth that gradually reduces to a small hole) winds can cause great damage along their paths. Central states such as Kansas and Oklahoma see the majority of the USA’s tornadoes. In fact, there is a famous tornado ‘route’ through ten Midwestern states which is known as ‘Tornado Alley’. Homes in that area often have storm cellars (underground room) where families can shelter from the weather. Earthquakes. Most of the earthquakes are not even noticeable, and the last large one happened in 1994 in California. However, catastrophic earthquake nearly destroyed San Francisco in 1906. Scientists say that it is possible that another massive earthquake may happen in the future, but they predict that they will recognize the warning signs years before it happens. As a precaution against earthquakes, some older buildings in California cities are being pulled down (destroyed), and there is very little new building along the fault line itself.
► Match the natural disasters to their definitions. 1. earthquake a) a storm with severe winds, often in coastal areas 2. hurricane b) a storm where winds turn around a central point 3. tidal wave c) movement of the surface of the earth, caused by activity below the surface 4. tornado d) a gigantic sea wave
3.34. Read the text again and match the weather conditions to the geographical areas. 1. earthquakes a) Australia 2. extreme heat and forest fires b) central USA 3. hurricanes c) northern USA 4. snow and extreme cold d) southern coast of the USA 5. tornadoes e) western coast of the USA 3.35. Answer the questions about the text. 1. Which health problem does the sun cause in Australia? 2. Why was Valdez rebuilt in the 1960s? 3. Can you drive to the state capital of Alaska? 4. How often do hurricanes hit the Florida coast, on average? 5. Where do most of the USA’s tornadoes happen? 6. When was the last serious earthquake in California? 7. Why do scientists say that people should not panic about a future major earthquake in California?
3.36. Write the review of the text Climate Extremes. (See Unit 11.) UNIT 4 NATIONAL PARKS INTRODUCTION Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture defines a national park as an area of natural, historical or scientific interest which is kept by the government for people to visit. A reserve – an area of land where wild animals or plants are officially protected – is more common in our country. But they both are protected natural territories and are objects of national property. There are the following types of natural protected areas: ● State Natural Reserves These reserves are especially important for wildlife conservation in Russia. The ground, waters, bowels of the earth, flora and fauna have nature protection according to federal laws. There were 100 state natural reserves in the Russian federation at the beginning of 2006. ● National Parks National Parks are the most popular kind of protected areas in the world. The first one was organized in the USA in 1872 and was titled Yellowstone National Park of California. The total number of national parks is about 2000 nowadays, 34 function in the Russian Federation. ● Natural Parks Natural Park should be an outstandingly scenic area, a rare example of a geologic landform or a place of exceptional ecological diversity. There are 30 natural parks in Russia now. State Natural Zakazniks ● They exist only in the Russian Federation and there were 67 federal zakazniks at the end of 2006. ● Nature Monuments Nature Monuments are unique natural complexes, including: ► sites of beauty ► places of growth of valuable plants ► unique natural landscapes – gorges, canyons, caves, valleys, volcanoes, falls, geysers, cliffs, grottoes, etc. ► places of birds nesting ► trees-long-livers ► lakes, wetlands, ponds, etc. ● Dendrology Parks and Botanical Gardens They create special collections of plants for preservation of diversity and also realize scientific and educational activity. Botanical gardens and dendrology parks develop decorative gardening, landscape architecture, selection and agriculture. The best dendrology park in Russia is located in Sochi.
4.1. Match the words with their definitions.
4.2 Fill in the gaps with the word from the box. Mind plural and singular forms.
1. A beautiful water …….. was falling from a great height. 2. A natural spring of hot water is called a ……... 3. The beauty of the New England …….. in autumn is amazing. 4. Their house has wonderful views across the ……... 5. The …….. of Dover are made of chalk. 6. A …….. is a natural cave made of limestone. 7. A river was flowing through a deep narrow ……... 8. There were several …….. in the side of a cliff. 9. The …….. last erupted over fifty years ago. 10. The …….. District is the most famous tourist destination in Great Britain. 11. The farm has a …….. from which cattle can drink. 12. A deep narrow valley with steep sides is called ……...
4.3. Read the text and be ready to check your understanding. BRITAIN’S NATIONAL PARKS The first national park in Great Britain was set up in 1949. The first aim of establishing national park is to provide protection for the outstanding countryside they contain; the second aim is to provide opportunities for people to have access to them and enjoy them. The Lake District in the north-west of England is the largest national park. It is popular with walkers, canoeists, cyclists, sailors, and climbers. Although it is quite compact – it is only 50km from east to west – it has some of the most spectacular and varied scenery in Britain. It has Windermere, at 16.4 kilometres the longest lake in England, and Scafell Pike, at 1, 000 metres the highest mountain in England. Also in the Lake District is Sty Head, the wettest place in Britain. More than 4, 000 millimetres of rain a year fall on Sty Head! The Lake District is now one of the most popular tourist destinations in Britain. In 2001 a total of 17 tourist nights (one night spent by one person) were recorded in the Lake District. National parks are not owned by the nation. Most of the land is still in private hands. For example, the resident population of the Lake District is 41, 100. Snowdonia is the second largest National Park in the UK, after the Lake District. The English name for the area derives from Snowdon, which is the highest mountain in Wales. An estimated 6 million holidaymakers visit Snowdonia national park every year to enjoy a wide range of leisure activities. There is a walking country to suit all tastes and abilities, as well as opportunities for rock climbing, off-road cycling and water sports. The Snowdonia National Park has many buildings of architectural and historical importance, ranging from the castles built by the Welsh princes to farmhouses, tiny cottages and agricultural buildings. Over 26, 500 people live and work in the Snowdonia National Park. Most of the land there is privately owned and farmed.
4.4. Look at the map of the UK and find the Lake District and Snowdonia National Park. Geographical names in the text may help you.
4.5. Complete the phrases using the words from the text.
4.6. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives. Model : long – longer – the longest outstanding / high / wet / large / spectacular / popular / wide / many / tiny 4.7. Match the words with their synonyms.
4.8. Explain the following words. Use a dictionary if necessary. the countryside a resident a farmhouse a holidaymaker to record
4.9. Find the odd word out. outstanding spectacular scenic private protection mountain population destination cyclist sailor prince climber Snowdonia England Wales Scotland
4.10. Which of these descriptions best fits the Lake District and which – Snowdonia? 1. large beautiful and interesting 2. small scenic and popular 3. small mountainous and diverse 4. large sparse and agricultural
4.11. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? 1. Millions of holidaymakers go to Snowdonia National Park every year. 2. Biking is the most popular leisure activity in the Lake District. 3. Snowdon is the highest mountain in England. 4. You can enjoy the beauty of royal castles in the Snowdonia National Park. 5. National Parks provide protection for the exciting countryside they contain. 6. More than 26, 000 people live within the Snowdonia Park. 7. Any park is a special area of conservation. 8. Britain is a big country with beautiful and varied countryside.
4.12. Compare the two parks from activity 4.3. Find similarities and differences in the: ● territory ● landscape ● resident population ● aim ● leisure activities
4.13. Match the two parts of the sentences.
4.14. Answer the following questions. 1. What is a national park? 2. How do Britain’s national parks help preserve the countryside? 3. When was the first / second national park set up in Great Britain? 4. Which is the most popular nation park in England? 5. What are the aims of national parks? 6. Can you think of any situations where these aims might be in conflict? 7. Can you name any national parks in your country? 8. Imagine that you are spending your holidays in the Lake District. Which of these activities would you choose to do and why? ● excellent fishing in the rivers or lakes ● learning to canoe on the quiet waters ● painting to capture the beauty of landscapes ● pony-trekking
4.15. Fill in the gaps with to and from. 1. Pollution …….. cars is a serious threat …….. the environment. 2. The parks were set up to protect wildlife …….. destruction. 3. National parks have been a great benefit …….. many people who have the opportunity to spend a holiday in unspoiled country. 4. The ‘hands-off’ policy means that the authorities will not try to preserve animals …….. the natural dangers …….. them. 5. Comfortable accommodation is a great advantage …….. older visitors to the parks. 6. The dams, with a holding capacity of 93 thousand million cubic metres, provide protection of farmlands …….. floods. 4.16. Fill in the correct word derived from the word in bold. BEACHES AND PARKS
4.17. Choose the correct word. Wrangle Island is in Russia’s High Arctic. The island is well known for its large concentrations / conservation of polar bears. Polar bears in the nature reserve are counted each year, with sex, age and current physical condition. Keeping track of this information is vitally interesting / important in view of the threats facing / looking the bears, including climate variation / change, pollution and poaching. This is particularly / interestingly important on Wrangel because the Chukchi-Alaskan population of polar squirrels / bears is exposed to legal native hunting in both Russia and Alaska and to illegal hunting on the Russian side. In addition, this population is threatened / poached by planned oil and gas exploration / examination on the continental shelf. 4.18. Read the text The Big Five and answer the questions after it. THE BIG FIVE South Africa’s climate, beaches and vineyards are all popular tourist attractions. But it is the big five that people really come to see – the elephants, rhinos, lions, leopards and buffalo in the great game reserves. Kruger National Park is visited by almost three quarters of a million tourists a year. Only five per cent of it is accessible to visitors, yet it is still not crowded. The park is home to white and black rhinos, lions, elephants, and thousands of other species of birds, animals and plants, living wild on the bushveld. Although the park is almost half the size of Denmark, the numbers of some animals, such as lions and elephants, have to be controlled by culling. This causes controversy among conservationists. Both elephants and rhino are in danger of becoming extinct in some places, because of hunting by poachers. Rather than cull herds when numbers grow too great, it is sometimes possible to move them to other parks. There are nature reserves in all of the country’s many different geographical areas, from sub-tropical forest to the Kalahari desert. Whales can be seen off the West Coast National Park; for energetic hikers there are long trails in the semi-desert Karoo Nature Reserve, inhabited by many different species of antelope. Hippopotamus (and almost every other kind of African wildlife), can be seen in the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve, in the east of the country, north of Durban. 1. What / Who attracts visitors in South Africa? 2. Which of the following words are associated with Kalahari Desert, West Coast, the Karoo Nature Reserve, Durban, the Kruger National Park? elephants / rhinos / lions / leopards / buffalo / antelopes / hippopotamus / whales / white and black rhinos / hikers Fill in the table
3. What animals are in danger of becoming extinct? 4. Why are some herds of elephants culled? (to cull – to kill the weakest in a group) 5. Is it possible to solve this problem humanly? 6. What geographical areas are mentioned in the passage? 7. What other representatives of African wildlife do you know? 8. What would you like to see and do on a visit to South Africa? Make a list of things.
4.19. Study the factfile and then do the exercises after it. From large Royal parks to smaller community parks, London is a city that has lots of open spaces, and the gardens are to be admired. Almost all public gardens are free, and are a popular spot in the summer. St James Park is probably the most beautiful and intimate of the capital’s central parks. Originally a marsh, the land was drained by Henry VIII in the 15th century to provide a deer park for St James’s Palace. In the 17th century, Charles II converted the deer park into a garden. Now the most ornamental park in London with good views of Whitehall rooftops, St James’s Park is a popular place to stroll, feed the ducks or watch the pelicans. Popular in the summer with sunbathing office workers, a band plays throughout the summer. There is a café providing refreshments and a playground at the Buckingham Palace end. The lake is now a wildfowl sanctuary, with ducks, geese, pelicans and black swans. The bridge over it gives a view of Buckingham Palace. Holland Park is the most romantic of London’s parks. The park opened in 1952, on what remained of the grounds of Holland House, the rest of the land had been sold off in the late-19th century for the construction of large houses and terraces to the north and west. The woods and formal gardens of Holland Park surround the reconstructed Jacobean Holland House. The small, but lively, park is more wooded and intimate than the large royal parks of Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park to the east. Features include the Kyoto Japanese Garden, laid out for the 1991 London Festival of Japan, rose gardens, woodlands, wildlife ponds and an ecology centre. The park’s abundant wildlife includes tame rabbits, squirrels and peacocks. There is also an adventure playground, café, and, during the summer, open-air theatre and opera under an elegant canopy. Queen’s Park is in Kingswood Avenue in London. This small park offers a haven away from the hustle and bustle of a big city. Features include a small pitch-and-putt golf course, tennis courts, a petanque rink and a good café. There are also Sunday bandstand concerts in the summer. Popular with children as it has a paddling pool, pet’s corner and playground. In the summer there are supervised play schemes, bouncy castles and children’s entertainers, such as clowns and jugglers. In the early 17th century James I opened Hyde Park as London’s first public park. Today, despite being surrounded by some of the world’s busiest streets, Hyde Park is a peaceful haven for the capital’s office workers and tourists. At 1.5 miles long and just under 0.5 mile wide, it is central London’s largest park. There are 350 acres of woods, grasslands, lakes and gardens. Hyde Park also has a horse riding track, a children’s playground, boating on the Serpentine, open air music concerts and a famous Speaker’s Corner. At around 10.30 am every day the Household Cavalry can be observed riding through the park from Hyde Park Barracks to Buckingham Palace. On royal anniversaries and other important occasions a 41-gun salute is fired in Hyde Park. ► Answer the questions. 1. Which park is the biggest and which is the smallest? 2. In what parks can you: stroll / listen to music / boat / ride a horse / feed tame animals / watch birds / observe the Cavalry / sunbathe / enjoy roses / admire a salute / express your ideas? Fill in the table.
3. Which words in the text have the same meaning as: a) not paid, v f) visitor, n b) swamp, n g) glade, n c) city, n h) various, adj d) consist, v i) shelter, n e) official, adj j) performance, n 4. In which park can you meet a real wildfowl sanctuary? 5. Where can you meet deer, ducks, black swans, squirrels, rabbits, peacocks, clowns, jugglers, horses? 6. Which park is the oldest? 7. Where can you see Buckingham Palace? 8. Which facility is mentioned in the all four parts? 9. Explain the phrase hustle and bustle. 10. Which words in the text have the opposite meaning to: close, v buy, v walk, v wild, adj small, adj 11. Can you go in for sports in the parks? Which ones and where? 12. Which park has attracted your attention best? Why?
4.20. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? 1. London is a city of public gardens. 2. Kensington Gardens is a large royal park. 3. The most popular with children is an ecology centre. 4. Queen’s Park offers a pet’s corner. 5. A 31-gun salute is fired in Hyde Park on important occasions. 6. Holland Park is the largest central park.
4.21. Match the two parts of the compounds. 1. grass a) life 2. wild b) bathe 3. sun c) ground 4. play d) hall 5. wild e) stand 6. wood f) fowl 7. band g) land 8. White h) land
4.22. Match the descriptions with the parks above.
4.23. Write the review of the text in activity 4.19. (See Unit 11).
4.24. Read an article about the Siberian reserve Yugansky. Write the review of the passage using a dictionary. The nature reserve ‘Yugansky’ is located to the south from Surgut between the Bolshoy Yugan and Maliy Yugan Rivers, its territory covers 650, 000 hectares. National reserves play a very important role in preserving the landscapes and biological variety, conserving rare species of animals and plants, protecting unique natural resources. ‘Yugansky’ is not an exception, it is a model of typical Western Siberian taiga, so it plays a very important role in nature conservation. The reserve’s territory is situated in the southern part of Middle Obskaya lowland, which occupies the central part of the Western Siberian plain. The climate of the region is continental. Air circulation in the atmosphere is very intensive that causes an intensive change of cyclones and anticyclones and leads to a sudden weather change. Daily temperature variation can reach 30-35°. The amount of precipitation almost entirely depends on the winds bringing moisture from the Atlantic Ocean. Cold arctic masses provoke light frosts and snowfalls even in summer. The vast swamped territories keep up the stable water level in rivers because a thick layer of swamped mosses give the water back gradually. High swamps are like a natural ‘sponge’ and they not only nourish rivers but also maintain the hydrological balance of the territory. Usually freezing-over begins in November and ends in May. The ice is very thick, up to 30cm. Numerous lakes are small and shallow, different types of swamps prevail, they occupy one third of the territory. Soil overdamping causes the growth of moisture-loving plants such as bog mosses. A soft carpet of mosses is very common in the reserve and we can count 113 species of them. What is more we can count more than 200 species of fungi. They are everywhere and the most widespread are wood-attacking fungi. Coniferous forests including a fir-tree, silver fir, pine and cedar force out deciduous (an aspen, birch) in the process of natural change. And the main factor that causes the vegetation change in the taiga zone is forest fires. The reserve’s fauna exposes 36 species of mammals, among them a musk beaver, mouse, squirrel, hare, weasel, sable, wolf, lynx, bear and reindeer. The variety of bird’s species is limited by severely cold winters. Among adapted birds are: woodpeckers, owls, different types of grouses. In spring the population of birds increases greatly. Eagles, swans, crows, sparrows, hawks, ducks hurry to use the warmth of short summer time. And by the end of September flocks of birds leave their native places. Little by little frosts become lifeless and the weather is very cold. The taiga is covered with snow. But after long winter months, there will be spring and active life will begin again.
4.25. PROJECT Work in a group to talk / write about reserves in our country. Think about these questions: 1. Can you name any reserves (National parks, zakazniks, etc.) in our region? 2. What kind of environment do they protect – mountains, coastlines, wetlands, lakes, forests? 3. Who pays for the maintenance of the reserves? 4. What restrictions (if any) are placed on tourists? 5. Should we try to preserve nature by stopping people from going to protected areas of the country? 6. Can there be tourism without pollution and damage? 7. Have you ever been to a reserve? If so, which one? What are your impressions?
UNIT 5 FLORA AND FAUNA INTRODUCTION While thinking about animals we first of all remember domestic animals, that live with people. Many people keep pets and the most popular are: cats and dogs, but people also can keep canaries, parrots, mice, goldfish and hamsters. Farm animals include: rabbits, sheep, cows, pigs, horses, chicken, goats. In a zoo or in the wild we can find these wild animals: a tiger, lion, bear, leopard, camel, gorilla, elephant, monkey, zebra, giraffe, etc. Some common insects are: a bee, ant, mosquito, butterfly, fly, spider. And the most common birds are: an eagle, sparrow, hawk, goose, duck, swan. Some animals swim (whales, sharks), some move along the ground (snakes, snails).
5.1. Read names of the animals in the box and answer the questions.
1. Which of these animals do you like? Why? 2. Are you scared of any of these animals? Why? 3. Which animals might you:
● see lying on a rock? ● see circling in the sky? ● see running across a road? ● see swimming and jumping around off the coast? ● see disappearing into long grass? ● hear making a dreadful noise? ● hear in the bushes? ● hear in the distance? ● find crawling around a dirty kitchen? ● find hiding in your shoe? ● find sitting in a tree?
5.2. Choose the word which best matches the description. 1. A duck / swan is a large white water bird with a long neck. 2. A goat / sheep is a four-legged animal with horns, good at climbing. 3. A crab / frog is a sea animal with a shell and five pairs of legs. 4. A butterfly / bee is an insect with large, beautifully coloured wings. 5. A lizard / snake is a small reptile with four legs and a long tail. 6 A fly / mosquito is a small flying insect which drinks blood from the skin. 7. A camel / giraffe is an animal with long legs and neck and orange skin. 8. A mouse / rabbit is a small long-eared animal that lives in a hole. 9. A bat / spider is an eight-legged creature which catches insects. 10. A kitten / puppy is a young animal which barks, often a pet.
5.3. Start each sentence with a suitable animal from the Introduction. 1. …….. can fly at a great height. 2. …….. can swim very long distances. 3. …….. can understand lots of human commands. 4. …….. can run very fast. 5. …….. can travel through the desert for long distances without water. 6. …….. can be 30 metres in length. 7. …….. can eat leaves from tall trees. 8. …….. change their skin several times a year. 9. …….. can pick things up with their trunk. 10. …….. provide us with wool.
5.4. Match the animals (A) with their maximum speeds (B). A B 1. lion a) 64 kph 2. rabbit b) 56 kph 3. shark c) 270 kph 4. spider d) 0.05 kph 5. pig e) 40 kph 6. elephant f) 1.88 kph 7. snail g) 80 kph 8. golden eagle h) 18 kph 9. cheetah i) 300 kph 5.5. Read the definitions of the following animal groups. herbivores – animals eating plants carnivores – animals eating meat omnivores – animals eating both plants and meat mammals – animals that give birth to live babies and feed their young on milk reptiles – cold-blooded animals that have skin covered with scales amphibians – animals that live both on land and water insects – small creatures that have six legs, and sometimes wings fish – an animal that lives in water, and uses its fins and tail to swim birds – creatures with wings and feathers that can usually fly predators – animals that kill and eat other animals cats – animals with soft fur, a long thin tail, and whiskers
► Match each animal group it belongs to. Some animals can be used more than once. Groups: herbivores, insects, mammals, cats, reptiles, fish, birds, carnivores, omnivores, amphibians, predators Creatures: crocodile, lion, tiger, bear, hawk, frog, goldfish, panther, wolf, monkey, snake, sparrow, wasp, whale, lizard, fly, jaguar, tortoise, pigeon, cow, fox, beetle, eagle, puma, squirrel, goat, sheep, salmon.
5.6. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box. Use a dictionary if necessary.
1. …….. is the natural home of a plant or animal. 2. A group of plants or animals of the same kind is called a ……... 3. Moved around quietly, trying not to be seen means ……..... 4. Animals that are able to live both on land and in water are called ……... 5. The hair that grows thickly over the bodies of some types of animal is ….... 6. When wild animals live in …... they are kept in a place such as a park or zoo. 7. All the animals living in a particular area are ……... 8. All the plants growing in a particular area are ……...
5.7. Match the two parts of the sentences.
5.8. Find the odd word out. 1. cow bull donkey hippopotamus 2. penguin duck pike hawk 3. rat caterpillar rabbit squirrel 4. pike salmon mole whitefish 5. crocodile lizard iguana grasshopper
5.9. Match the animals from the list below with the places they can live.
bear / fox / wolf / lion / cheetah / leopard / tiger / zebra / giraffe / deer / goose / duck / goat / pig / sheep / donkey / bull / squirrel / seal / hare / jaguar / lynx / otter / sable / ladybird / rabbit / butterfly / ant / mosquito / bee / cockroach / fly / wasp
5.10. Match the animals (A) with their young (B). A B 1. sheep a) piglet 2. lion b) lamb 3. dog c) puppy 4. cow d) kitten 5. hen e) chick 6. duck f) goal 7. cat g) cub 8. horse h) calf 9. pig i) duckling
5.11. Choose the correct word. BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity is the variety of all life on earth; the plants and animals and the habitats where they eat / live. Biodiversity ranges in scale from bacteria to blue whales and is not just the rare or exotic but also the everyday and commonplace. It is the birds in our garden / yard as well as tigers in the tundra / rainforest. Biodiversity shortens / enriches our lives, we enjoy / dislike seeing wild flowers and animals. Industrial / natural areas help to protect our environment from harm. Wetlands can cause / prevent flooding and filter pollutants while woodlands reduce / increase air pollution and global freezing / warming. There are also moral arguments for /against protecting biodiversity. We should / must care about wild animals and plants because they have a value in themselves.
5.12. Choose the correct word from a box. Use a dictionary if necessary.
1. Sue managed to reach the …branch… of a tree and climb up to the window. 2. I felt ill after I ate a red …….. from a bush in the woods. 3. The wall was cracked by the …….. of a tree growing underneath it. 4. On the end of each …….. there are two or three yellow flowers. 5. In the autumn, every …….. on the tree turns yellow and then falls off. 6. Liz hurt herself on a …….. while she was picking some roses. 7. The …….. of this tree can be removed and used as a kind of paper. 8. In spring all the apple trees are covered in white ……... 9. Before the flower opened it was a large green ……... 10. An oak tree has a very broad …….., sometimes two metres thick. 5.13. Read the text Coniferous and Deciduous Forests and do the exercise after it. Популярное: |
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