MAKE UP A FILE NOTE TO THE MANAGER OF THE DEPARTMENT YOU WORK IN

 

ОБОБЩАЮЩИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN

1. Depending upon operations in drilling, they use core bits, roller-cutters or rotary bits.

2. Tool-pusher told the floor hand to put a snipe into the tool room

and bring a crescent wrench. 3. When RIH they use singles from pipe racks or stands from the

derrick.

4. There are different types of threads: regular and IF, 8-round and 10-round.

5. Before spudding a well you should ensure all safety precautions were taken.

6. Sumpless drilling is a type of drilling when used drilling mud can be applied again.

7. When circulating a well a junk basket is used to collect cuttings after work with a mill.

8. When tripping pipe joints must be tallied and drifted to avoid wax build up.

9. Acid blend is always tested for compatibility with oil before use.

10. You can determine depth of fluid level when swabbing if you count

drawworks drum wraps.

11. There were some tubing collar marks on the impression block.

12. After the BOP drill the driller went to the BOP stand to open the BOP again.

13. Scraper is used to clean casing of wax and wax-knife is used to clean tubing of wax.

14. In case of emergency a derrickman can use escape buggy line to escape.

15. Drawworks transmission malfunction caused emergency shut off.

16. When tripping pipe power tongs is one of the main pieces of equipment to look after.

17. Surge tank pressure gauge reading was a little higher than normal so they had to choke down.

18. Washover mill is usually installed on the end of a washover pipe and is used to cut off metal around pipe.

19. During workover they take Christmas tree off and install BOP to prevent a blowout.

20. Catwalk is usually spotted in front of a well and is used when picking up or laying down joints.

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH

 

1. В результате выброса манометр разбился.

2. При спуско-подъемных операциях необходимо замерять и шаблонировать трубы.

3. Пробойник - это электрический перфоратор, спускаемый в скважину на металлическом тросе.

4. Бурильщик определяет глубину спуска капсы по виткам на барабане лебедки.

5. Чтобы вызвать приток после кислотной обработки, иногда приходится долго свабировать, раскручивая нефть и проверяя обводненность.

6. Воронку накручивают на НКТ для предотвращения повреждения резьбы последней трубы, в качестве указателя последней трубы и для обеспечения нормального захода геофизических приборов в НКТ.

7. Когда ломик сбросили в скважину, детонатор не сработал и перфорация не удалась.

8. Для определения обводненности, нефть раскручивают в

центрифуге.

9. Тартальный канат используется для свабирования, а талевый

- дляСПО.

10. Пакер посадить не удалось, он сползает по колонне.

11. Селективная кислотная обработка - это способ последова­тельного воздействия на нефтеносный пласт кислотой.

12. Перед ремонтом скважины елку фонтанной арматуры демонтируют.

13. При ловильных работах используют разнообразный ловильный инструмент для ловли кабеля, НКТ или других упавших в скважину предметов.

14. Блок-крестовина на фонтанной арматуре дает возможность установить несколько резьбовых или глухих фланцев.

15. НКТ держатся на муфтовой подвеске, а муфтовая подвеска фиксируется в арматуре при помощи специальных болтов.

16. Мастер сказал верховому замерить количество жидкости в емкости и определить количество воды.

17. Манометр устанавливают для определения давления в НКТ и затрубном пространстве.

18. При помощи прихватоопределителя можно найти место, где трубы застряли в скважине.

19. Для защиты НКТ от кислоты в нее добавляют антикорро­зийный ингибитор.

20. Посадить или сорвать пакер возможно проворотом колонны НКТ влево или вправо.

21. Давление на сепараторе возросло и бурильщик уменьшил размер штуцера.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

 

1. What main departments in a standard oil company do you know?

2. How do a supervisor and a tool-pusher share their responsibilities at a drilling rig?

3. What two types of sedimentary rocks do you know?

4. What is porosity and what is permeability?

5. What drilling equipment used at a drilling rig do you know?

6. What are the methods to release pipe string when stuck in the hole?

7. What are the main parts of a Christmas tree?

8. What are the main external components of a wellhead?

9. What are the main internal components of a wellhead?

10. What are the main purposes of using valves?

11. What is a service rig used for?

12. What cables or lines used on a service rig do you know?

13. What are the main purposes of a mud pump at a service rig?

14. What are the main differences between selective an bullhead acid jobs?

15. Why bullet perforation is considered to be more dangerous than cummulative perforation?

16. What is swabbing?

17. What swabbing equipment do you know?

18. Which factors are essential for the process of oil and gas separation?

19. What is the difference between a stand and a joint?

20. What types of pipe do you know?

21. What fishing tools do you know?

22. How can pipelines be classified?

23. What types of dewaxing do you know?

24. How can pipelines be protected from corrosion?

25. What is the difference between wax-knives and scrapers?

FIND INCORRECT STATEMENTS AND CORRECT THEM

 

1. They usually do a pickle prior to an acid job.

2. If during pressure test a line does not hold pressure, it is entirely reassembled.

3. Hot oiling is a method to dewax a well.

4. If we wide open a choke on a well it will be producing more oil for many years ahead.

5. To determine watercut one should spin oil out.

6. Swabbing cup is made of heavy-duty metal and never wears out.

7. Junk basket is used to collect hand tools in the end of a working day.

8. When drilling they first run surface casing, then intermediate casing and then production casing with liner.

9. Drill pipe is not so heavy as tubing so it can be used only for routine operations.

10. When squeezing acid into formation the pump used should be powerful enough.

11. Bottom hole assembly is a combination of different tools run into the hole.

12. A stuck point is located by the tool called acidizing packer.

13. When flowing a well you should monitor wind's direction to prevent gas poisoning.

14. Surge tank is used to separate gas and oil.

15. H₂S is dangerous only in high concentrations.

 

FIND CORRECT ANSWER

 

1. Supervisor is a:

- manager's assistant;

- foreman in Production Department;

- engineer on site.

2. Completions Department is in charge of:

- maintaining pipelines;

- drilling;

-perforating jobs;

- roads construction.

3. Hydrocarbons origin is:

- remains of ancient plants and animals;

- ancient underground waters;

- result of chemical reaction of H₂S and air.

4. Drilling mud is used for:

- cleaning equipment after use;

- cooling down the bit;

- washing out cuttings;

- mixing acid blend.

5. Wellhead provides for:

- access to casing and tubing;

- increase of formation pressure;

- launching a pipeline pig.

6. Valves are used to:

• - control hydrostatic pressure;

- control and stop fluid flow;

- control H₂S concentration.

7. Service rig is:

- bigger than a drilling rig;

- smaller than a drilling rig;

- not different from a drilling rig.

8. ВОР is used for:

- shutting in a well in case of a kick;

- oil and gas separation;

- installation of tubing and casing valves.

9. The purpose of acid job is:

- to retrieve tools stuck in the hole;

- to stimulate formation;

- to prepare the well for perforating job.

10. The purpose of swabbing is to:

- increase oil production;

- inject water in the well;

- recover water and initiate flow.

11. Separator is a device:

- installed on the well bottom;

- used for oil and gas separation;

- separating two wells.

12. The purpose of fishing job is to:

- get rid of wax in the well;

- catch some fish in underground waters

- retrieve pipe and tools fallen to the well bottom.

13. Pigs in pipelines are launched to:

- clean the pipeline of wax;

- check the pipeline integrity;

- push H₂S out of the pipeline;

- have fun.

14. H₂S can be found:

- everywhere;

- in oil wells natural gas;

- only in specially designed tanks.

15. When you see a man down in H₂S area you must:

- run to help him;

- put on an air pack and then rescue him;

- run out of the area and quit working for the company.

LISTEN TO THE TEXT ON THE TAPE AND TRANSLATE IT ORALLY INTO ENGLISH SENTENCE BY SENTENCE

TOPICS. CHECK YOURSELF.

 

1. Oil Company structure and personnel.

2. Hydrocarbons origin.

3. Well drilling.

4. Wellhead equipment.

5. Valves.

6. Service rig equipment.

7. Well completion.

8. Well swabbing and testing.

9. Tripping pipe. Fishing job.

10. Pipelines.

11. Safety.

 

КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

LESSON 1

EХ.4.

1. Logistics, Drilling, Completions, Production, Materials, Safety. Invironment, Security, Construction.

2. Maintenance, Welders, Mechanics, Catering, Drivers.

3. Perforating jobs, acid stimulation, fishing jobs, well testing, swabbing, workover.

4. Production, Well testing, Mechanics, Instrumentation, Electricians.

5. Purchasing of materials and equipment, warehouses and pipeyards, materials storage and distribution.

6. Capital Projects - long terms construction of buildings, plants and facilities. General Construction - short terms construction of roads, pipelines and small projects.

7. Invironment protection from pollution, oil spills clean up.

8. Driller, assistant driller, derrickman, roughneck.

9. Keep operative communication with the superintendent and site supervisors, help solving arising problems at sites.

10. Equal. Different departments.

11. Supervisor is responsible for technological operations, tool-pusher is responsible for equipment and personnel.

EX.6.3.

1. Welders and a safety man.

2. Accident with a pipe-bender, unauthorized personnel at the shop, usage of equipment, shop clean up, safety clothes, first aid kits.

3. The pipe-bender broke loose and hit one welder causing injury.

4. People who do not know how to use equipment can injure themselves and others.

5. Clean up all metal scrap and garbage.

6. Coveralls, steel toed boots, safety glasses, gloves, hard hats.

 

LESSON 2

EX.1.

1. Останки древнейших животных и растений.

2. Продолжительность периодов непрерывных условий.

3. Нефть и газ легче воды.

4. Карбонатные и обломочные.

5. Наличие пространства между частицами породы.

6. С какой легкостью жидкость может перемещаться через пористую породу.

7. Пласт, содержащий только свободную воду.

8. Песчаники, известняки, доломиты.

9. Сырая нефть и попутный газ.

10. Твердое, жидкое и газообразное.

11. Высокое пластовое давление.

ЕХ.5.

1. Oil and gas exist underground in microscopic pores.

2. Much of the oil began as the remains of ancient plants and animals.

3. Accumulation of organic matter depended upon durability of geological periods.

4. As oil was lighter than water it tended to rise.

5. Not all rocks are capable of being a reservoir rock.

6. Permeability refers to how easy oil can travel through pores.

7. Limestones and dolomites contain oil, they are sedimentary rocks.

8. As a rule crude oil contains gas.

EX.8.2.

1. Fluids move from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure.

2. Pressure at the well bottom.

3. Pressure at surface.

4. Pressure at surface when the well is shut-in.

5. Bottom.

6. Pressure within fluid column.

7. Reservoir pressure should be greater than fluid column hydrostatic

pressure.

8. Permeability of the reservoir rock, area of flow into the wellbore,

fluid viscosity.

LESSON 3

EX.5.

1. Reciprocating is a method to break the tool stuck in the hole free.

2. Cuttings in a well mean pieces of the rock being drilled out.

3. Drilling mud is specially prepared fluid which is pumped into the hole when drilling, to cool down the bit, wash out cuttings and create extra pressure on the bit.

4. The tool used to determine stuck point is called free point tool.

5. Elevator is a device to pull pipe out of the hole.

6. First part of casing is called conductor and second - surface casing.

7. Cement job is conducted every time they run casing into the hole.

8. Sumpless drilling means that drilling mud recovered from a well is not drained into a sump, but is cleaned up and used again.

EX.6.

1. Exploration, Development, Completion.

2. To drill a few wells at the same time and not to have long distance

rig moves.

3. Foundation or platform with drawworks, rig floor with rotary table, derrick with monkey boards, crownblock, travelling block, elevator.

4. Shale-shakers, mud pump, generator, boiler, BOP, etc.

5. To cool down a bit, wash out cuttings, increase drilling progress and create hydrostatic pressure thus preventing a blowout.

6. A method to check direction of drilling during well deviation.

7. Conductor, surface casing, production casing.

8. To cut core.

9. Reciprocating, fluid (oil, water, acid) bath.

10. At a certain moment they start to drill with inclination to reach the planned target (formation).

11. Free point tool.

EX.8.2.

1. Add stabilizers.

2. First bend in the drill string above the bit, formation characteristics.

3. Put more weight on the bit, prevent wall sticking and other hole conditions problems.

4. They wear out and sometimes malfunction, fail.

5. Reduce the weight on the bit and speed up the rotary table.

6. Very gradually reduce the bit weight.

LESSON 4

EX.1.

1. Удерживать обсадную колонну и колонну НКТ, изолировать затрубное пространство, обеспечивать доступ во все колонны, контролировать процессы закачки и добычи жидкости и газа.

2. Колонная головка, промежуточная колонная головка, трубная головка, елка фонтанной арматуры.

3. Установка клиновой подвески, обеспечение выходов для установки затрубных задвижек.

4. При применении дополнительной обсадной колонны используется для установки клиновой подвески, обеспечения выходов для установки затрубных задвижек дополнительной (технической) колонны.

5. Катушка с двумя фланцами для крепления муфтовой подвески и обеспечения выходов для установки задвижек НКТ.

6. Переводный фланец, главная ствольная задвижка, блок-крестовина, оголовок елки, боковая задвижка, штуцер.

7. Открытие: ствольная задвижка, боковая задвижка, штуцер. Закрытие: в обратном порядке.

8. Обеспечение герметичности между двумя кольцевыми фланцами.

9. Клиновая подвеска, первичное уплотнение, вторичное уплотнение, муфтовая подвеска.

10. Набор конусообразных клиньев для крепления и удержания

обсадной колонны. 11. Резиновое кольцо для обеспечения герметичности между

обсадной колонной и внутренней стенкой колонной головки.

12. Уплотнение, устанавливаемое в нижней части ствола промежуточной колонной головки или трубной головки.

13. Удержание колонны НКТ в скважине и изоляция НКТ от затруба.

14. Тип А-1 с внутренней резьбой для НКТ, тип АЕ - полая, с возможностью поднятия или спуска НКТ сквозь нее.

ЕХ.5.

1. Christmas tree provides for valves to connect a well to a pipeline.

2. Correct.

3. Correct.

4. Choke can not show pressure. Tree top adaptor is used for pressure gauge installation.

5. Correct.

6. Every time after installation of primary and secondary seals they must be pressure tested.

7. Correct.

LESSON 5

EX.5.

1. To ensure any tool run into a hole will go through.

2. To prolong valves life and for integrity.

3. To stop fluid flow, to control fluid flow by adjusting flow opening.

4. Gate valves, ball valves, plug valves.

5. Needle valves, chokes, globe valves, butterfly valves.

6. To adjust and control fluid flow.

7. Housing, stem, wheel, seat, disc.

8. The valves will be damaged by erosion and will not close all the way down.

ЕХ.7.1.

1. The operation of this equipment is a necessity of the job and is very important for economic operation of the facilities.

2. Chemical storage tank, a chemical pump and some method of measuring the injection rate.

3. Regardless of the type of container used to store the chemical, it should provide for safe storage.

4. Pneumatic or electric drive piston types.

5. Use of draw down gauges or calibrated tubes.

LESSON 6

EX.5.

1. Drill line is a wirerope used for pulling pipe out of a hole.

2. Emergency kill is the rig motor shut off in case of emergency.

3. Correct.

4. Correct.

5. To nipple up BOP means to install BOP on a wellhead.

6. ВОР drill is a training for personnel on how to act in case of a blowout.

EX.6.

1. Well completions and workover.

2. Service rig, BOP, mud pump, storage tanks, boiler, generator, additional equipment for different operations.

3. Driller's panel, weight indicator, power tongs, air slips.

4. Main drawworks, secondary drawworks, 2 auxiliary hoists.

5. Latch on tubing to pull out of the hole.

6. Guylines, monkey board lines, load lines, escape buggy line, drill line, sandline, catline.

7. Blowout preventer is a device for shutting-in a well in case of a kick or a blowout.

8. Blind rams, pipe rams and a hydril are closed by the pressure of hydraulic fluid from the bottles hoses.

9. Before any works on a well if the well is flowing.

10. Made of heavy-duty rubber, petals close to the centre regardless of tubing presence or absence in the hole.

11. Kill a well, well circulation, squeeze acid into formation, transfer fluids from one tank to another.

12. Determine volume of fluid, store a few fluids at the same time, mix CaCL₂ blend, visual control of incoming fluid, oil degassing, quick union line make up.

13. To generate steam and steam up equipment as well as heat up shacks.

14. On distant locations with no power lines available and in case they need 380 V voltage.

EX.9.2.

1. A misapplied pump may operate outside the recommended range, overload or underload the motor or ruin the well at a rapid rate which may result in formation damage.

2. Assuming that wells from the same producing horizon will have similar characteristics.

3. High water cut wells producing fresh water or brine, wells with multi-phase flow, wells producing highly viscous fluids.

4. The pump starts producing lower than normal head as the gas-to-liquid ratio increases beyond a certain " critical" value.

5. Gases must be separated from the other fluids prior to the pump intake.

LESSON 7

EX.1.

1. Перфорационные работы, кислотная обработка.

2. без спуска обсадной колонны в зону пласта.

3. Если породы недостаточно твердые, может произойти обвал стенок скважины.

4. Прострел стенок обсадной колонны для образования отверстий для нефти.

5. Используется пробойник, спускаемый в скважину на металлическом тросе и несущий пулевые заряды. Приводится в действие при помощи электрического сигнала.

6. Используются заряды сжатого газа. Перфораторы спус­каются на НКТ. Приводятся в действие при ударе по детонатору, расположенному над перфораторами, перфо­рационным ломиком.

7. Стимуляция пласта путем расширения пор и облегчения выхода нефти.

8. Селективная и " закачкой в лоб".

9. Нельзя контролировать направление закачиваемой кисло­ты, большой расход кислоты, большие объемы дополнитель­ных работ по окончании кислотной обработки.

10. Подготовительный, закачка кислоты, завершение работ.

11. Инструмент для изоляции одного участка скважины от другого.

 

ЕХ.5.

1. Acid job is a method to stimulate formation.

2. Perforating job is performed to make holes in casing to let oil come into the wellbore.

3. Correct.

4. Correct.

5. Corrosion inhibitor is used to prevent acid affect on tubing.

6. Packer is a tool used to separate one wellbore section from another.

7. Correct.

8. Good acid blend should never mix with oil.

9. Correct.

EX.6.

1. Rotate tubing string to the left or to the right.

2. Acid is tested for compatibility with oil. If acid and oil do not mix the blend is considered to be of good quality.

3. Corrosion inhibitor is used to protect tubing from acid affect.

4. Selective acid job allows to treat all perforations with acid by means of using a packer and not to waste acid.

5. Up to 1.5 metres.

6. Determine formation depth, correlation, tool depth, etc.

7. Charges can come off all of a sudden as a result from occasional radio signal.

8. Drop a perforating bar into tubing.

9. If all the charges came off and there are holes in casing.

10. To compare perfs depth with the tool's depth and space out if necessary.

11. Preparation, acid squeezing, accomplishing stage.

 

LESSON 8

 

EX.5.

1. Swabbing is conducted after the acid job to recover water and initiate flow.

2. Correct.

3. Lubricator is a pipe used to keep a sinker bar with a cup in it and prevent fluid from splashing to the rig floor.

4. Separator is used to separate oil from gas and water.

5. When gas is separated from oil in the separator, it goes to the flareline and is burnt in a pit.

6. Correct.

EX.6.

1. A method to get rid of water in a well and initiate oil flow.

2. Water column hydrostatic pressure is higher than formation pressure so the well can not flow.

3. Sinker bar, mandrel, no-go, cup, swabbing valve, lubricator, swabbing tree.

4. To protect a sinker bar with a cup and prevent fluid from flowing to the rig floor.

5. A portion of gas coming out of a well.

6. Danger of a blowout.

7. Tubing and casing pressures, separator pressure.

8. To separate oil from gas and water.

9. Horizontal, vertical, spherical.

10. Two-phase: separate oil from gas. Three phase: separate oil from gas and water.

11. Separated fluids must not dissolve, one fluid must be lighter than the other.

12. For safety reasons, to have occurate measurements of oil and gas produced.

13. Pressure control, level control.

14. After 6 hours of stable flowrate with low percentage watercut.

EX.9.2.

1. Speed up the separation process and reduce the size and cost of the separator.

2. Proper selection of internal devices reduces the cost of the separator by as much as 50%.

3. In case if there is a likelihood they will become plugged with wax or sand.

4. To prevent funneling effect when gas flows out with fluid.

5. It prevents fluid from flowing out to the middle of the vessel and reducing the effectiveness of the vapour disengaging space.

LESSON 9

EX.1.

1. Заглушить скважину, снять фонтанную арматуру и установить превентор.

2. Двухтрубка, две трубы, скрученные вместе.

3. Для удержания НКТ на весу в скважине.

4. НКТ, бурильная труба, УБТ.

5. Разница в высоте рабочих площадок буровой и сервисного станка. ^;

6. Чтобы убедиться, что в трубах нет парафина и посторонних предметов.

7. Для соединения труб разного диаметра и с разной резьбой.

8. Работы по извлечению из скважины упавших труб, кабеля и т.д.

9. Метчик, колокол, овершот, крючок для ловли кабеля, штопор, обурочная труба, фреза.

10. Печать.

ЕХ.5.

1. A stand is made up of two joints.

2. Tubing is a relatively light pipe used for routine operations with not very strong tool-joints.

3. Drill pipe is heavier than tubing with stronger tool-joints and is used for fishing jobs and drilling.

4. Drill collar is a heavy pipe used for drilling to put additional weight on a bit.

5. Regular thread, IF thread.

6. Crossovers.

7. To retrieve pipe, cable and tools fallen in the well.

8. Under tubing string weight a fish in the hole leaves marks on an impression block.

9. Junk busket collects cuttings and metal flakes when a well is being washed out.

10. Overshot is used to catch fish in its grapple and retrieve it.

11. Spear is used to retrieve ESP cable.

EX.7.2.

1. To collect junk and cuttings from the bottom of the hole.

2. Rock bit cones, bearings, broken slips, bits of wireline, hand tools, milling cuttings, etc.

3. A barrel, a top sub, an upper catcher, a lower catcher and a mill shoe.

4. Mill shoe - cut and collect metal flakes, finger shoe - collect bigger objects.

5. To collect metal flakes.

6. Disassemble, clean, inspect all the parts, grease, reassemble. Paint entire outside of junk basket to prevent deterioration.

LESSON 10

EX.5.

1. Correct.

2. Correct.

3. Wax-knife can be used only in tubing as it has small diameter.

4. Cathodic protection is used to maintain steel quality by sending current to it.

5. Hot oiler is a machine used for heating up oil and pumping it into the well to melt wax.

6. Pigs are scrapers used for cleaning pipelines of wax and fluid.

7. Correct.

EX.6.

1. To transport fluids from wells to processing facilities.

2. Liquid lines, gas lines, water lines and multi-phase lines.

3. These lines are equipped with pig launchers and pig receivers.

4. Anti-corrosion coating, corrosion inhibitor.

5. Cathodic protection is used to maintain steel quality by sending current to it.

6. Getting rid of wax on the walls of pipe by means of scrapers or hot oiling.

7. Hot oiling, launching a pig, running a scraper or a wax-knife.

8. Oil is heated up in a hot oiler and pumped into a well to melt wax on tubing walls.

9. A scraper and a wax-knife.

10. A wax-knife can get stuck in wax and its wireline can be broken.

11. A wax-knife is used for tubing and a scraper is used for casing.

12. To dewax pipelines.

EX.9.2.

1. A pig can reach the receiver before the operator can get there.

2. Until it reaches the reducer section.

3. To ensure you do not get hit by a pig cap should there be pressure in a pig barrel.

LESSON 11

EX.4.

1. Gas, colourless, rotten eggs, heavier than air, flammable, soluble in fluids.

2. 7.

3. SABA, SCBA.

4. Not deep.

5. Put on an air pack.

6. Yourself.

7. Fresh air.

8. Durability, frequency, intensity, individual susceptibility.

EX.5.

1.

- If there is a potential danger everybody should wear a breathing apparatus.

- When you see a man down you should first put on a breathing apparatus, then rescue him.

- When stirred H₂S begins to come out of fluid.

2.

- Always use a buddy system when working in possible H₂S area.

- Always wear a breathing apparatus if there is a possible danger of H₂S.

- Before rescuing anybody put on an air pack.

3.

- If there is a potential danger everybody should wear a breathing apparatus.

- Safety man should make his H₂S test closer to the source and in other places too.

- When stirred H₂S begins to come out of fluid.

 

EX.7.2.

1. Organic material bacteria.

2. Oil and gas wells, gas processing plants, chemical factories, sewage system, industrial labarotories, underground mines, etc.

3. Dangerous, toxic, colourless, heavier than air, burns with blue flame producing S0₂, odour of rotten eggs, highly corrosive, flammable, explosive, soluble.

4. Oil wells, production facilities, pipelines, tanks, low areas, etc.

5. H₂S can stay in cofined spaces for a long time and affect a person when released.

6. Notice warning signs, alarm systems, check wind direction, find people working on site, slowly enter the site.

ОБОБЩАЮЩИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

EX.4.

1. Correct.

2. They check for leaks and fix them.

3. Correct.

4. The well will die soon as there will be not enough pressure in the well.

5. Correct.

6. Swabbing cup is made of rubber and wears out pretty quickly.

7. Junk basket is used to collect cuttings on the bottom of the well.

8. Correct.

9. Drill pipe is heavier than tubing and is used for drilling and fishing jobs.

10. Correct.

11. Correct.

12. A stuck point is located by a free point tool.

13. Correct.

14. Correct.

15. H2S is dangerous even in small concentrations.

EX.5.

1. - 3 6. - 2 11. - 2

2. - 3 7. - 2 12. - 3

3. - 1 8. - 1 13. - 1

4. - 2, 3 9. - 2 14. - 2

5. - 1 10. - 3 15. - 2

 

РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ГЛОССАРИЙ

А

Аварийные работы

Emergency jobs

Работы, связанные с ликвидацией последствий аварий при бурении или заканчивании: ликвидация прихвата при застревании труб в скважине, ловильные работы при обрыве или потере инструмента в скважине.

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