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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
A short history of tattooingСтр 1 из 12Следующая ⇒
Tattoos, (0) which some people call 'body art', have become more and more popular in recent years. In (1) …… of the pain caused by having a needle make hundreds of holes in their skin, millions of people (2) …..vary widely in age and background are nowadays having their bodies decorated with ink in all kinds of ways. Many of today's young people, (3) … parents were the first generation to experiment with tattoos, see it as a way of expressing their individuality, and in (4) … to do this, they are constantly looking for new styles and designs. (5) …. to this increasing demand, tattoo studios have appeared in many towns and villages. (6) … people tend to think of it as a modern practice, tattooing has in fact been around for a long time. There is evidence of tattoos being worn in Siberia over 4, 000 years ago, as (7) … as in Ancient Egypt at that time, and it is thought to have existed in Japan 10, 000 years ago. Even (8) …, it was not until the late 18th century, (9) … Captain James Cook sailed to Polynesia, that Europeans took an interest. It was on the island of Tahiti, (10) … tattooing had an important role in society, that Cook and his crew first saw tattooed men and women, and (11) …of that, the English word comes from the Tahitian word tatau. Ever since then, sailors have had tattoos done, often (12) … show the distant places they have visited. Part III For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). India's rainforest by night
Part IV For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: 0 I hope things will improve soon. TURN Example: will take a turn for the 1.Emily's hair badly needs cutting. TIME It's high......................................... cut. 2. There must be a simple way to explain what happened. BOUND There's.......................................... for what happened. 3.I'll support you whatever you decide to do. MATTER I'll support you........................................ you take. 4. For me this is the best place to live. RATHER There.......................................... live. 5. I wish I hadn't said that to her. TAKE If only........................................ I said to her. 6. I was looking out of the window when I saw a boy take something from a man's pocket. I was looking out of the window when I………..something from a man's pocket. 7. It was the film's music that impressed me most. IMPRESSION The film's music was........................................ me. 8. My brother and I are alike in many ways. LOT My brother and I........................................ common. LISTENING Part I – Multiple Matching You'll hear five different young people talking about renting homes. For questions 1 to 6, choose from the list A to F what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. A Something dangerous needed to be repaired. Speaker 1 В It was often cold indoors. Speaker 2 С There was a pleasant view from the window. Speaker 3 D The neighbours were very noisy. Speaker 4 E The rent was too high. Speaker 5 F The furniture was good quality. Part II – Sentence Completion You will hear part of an interview with a man called Ewan Richardson, who is trying to persuade people to use less paper. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. Every year, the average UK citizen uses about [ 1 ] ______ of paper. Most of the world's paper comes from very [ 2 ] _______ forests. The production of paper causes terrible [ 3 ] _______ in some places. The destruction of the forests is a much bigger cause of global warming than [ 4 ] _____.
Ewan says that there are already paper recycling bins in many [ 5 ] _____. You can use less paper by avoiding unnecessary [ 6 ] _____ when you are studying or working. You can often reuse [7] ____ that you have received. To receive more junk mail, don’t ask for [ 8 ] _____ when you buy something. Stop receiving any magazines you don't always read, or [ 9 ] _____ Most [ 10 ] _______ published in Britain are now printed on recycled paper. Part III – Multiple Choice You’ll hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1 to 8, choose the best answer, А, В or C. 1 You hear a woman and a man talking about taking up sailing. What does the woman say about it? A it's too expensive В it's too difficult С it's too dangerous 2 You overhear a man talking on the phone in a hospital. Who is he? A a doctor В a visitor С a patient 3 You hear a young person talking about an interest she has. Where is she? A a bookshop В a museum С a library 4 You hear a teacher talking to a student. Why is she talking to him? A to warn him not to do something В to offer to help him do something С to suggest he should do something 5 You overhear a man and a woman talking about meeting two other people. Where are these people going to meet their friends? A at a restaurant В at a hotel С in the street 6 You overhear a woman speaking on the phone about her apartment. Why is she talking to the other person? A to deny an accusation В to make a complaint С to refuse to do something 7 You hear two young people talking about going to the coast for the day. What do they agree about? A the disadvantages of the bus В the need to set off early С the best route to take 8 You hear a woman being interviewed on the radio. Why did she decide to become a lawyer? A to help people in need В to do the same job as her sister С to earn a large salary
SPEAKING Describe the picture.
TEST II READING Part I You are going to read an article from a music magazine. For questions 1-7, choose the Answer (А, В, С or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Never too old to rock Clive Myrtle explores the issue of ageism in the world of entertainment There are few spectacles less edifying than a television presenter trying to hang on to a job. When one of the presenters of the BBC programme Crimewatch resigned recently, rather than suffer the inevitable indignity of being uninstalled and replaced by a younger version, he made the usual hurt noises about his masters' excessive emphasis on youth. People in the media listened sympathetically before he slid from view with a soft splosh to join the ranks of television's has-beens. The presenter's argument, that the viewers don't care how old you are so long as you can 'do the job', unfortunately is not backed up by the evidence. When you're on TV, viewers are always thinking about whether you're losing your hair or your figure and, latterly, whether you've had cosmetic work done. This is what they're actually doing when you think they're listening to the wise things you say. Viewers actually don't perceive much of what the job entails, they just see you sitting there looking the part. Like double-jointedness or the ability to pat one's head while rubbing one's stomach, TV presenting is just one of those knacks. Some of those who possess this knack can hit the big time. Inevitably as they become more attached to the lifestyle this brings, however, the more inclined they are to overstate the knack. In reality, if somebody is paying you a lot of money to do a job, it's often on the tacit understanding that your services may be dispensed with abruptly - it's part of the deal. Unlike football managers, TV presenters affect not to understand this brutal compact. If they've had many years being paid silly sums to read a script from an autocue, it's difficult for them to accept that they've been the beneficiary of good fortune rather than anything else; even harder to face the fact that a commissioning editor's whim could all too easily banish them to the shopping channels. Something similar eventually awaits all the people who are currently making fortunes that would have been unimaginable to earlier generations of presenters. One day we'll decide that their face no longer fits and they'll be dragged away complaining about the same ageist policy from which they no doubt previously profited. Show business is a brutal business. The one thing it reliably punishes is age, particularly amongst women. That's why, at the age of fifty, female TV presenters become female radio presenters and why girl bands planning to re-form need to get it done before they're forty, after which it will get too hard for everyone to suspend their collective disbelief. Only one species of show-business folk manages to hold back the years and this is a group that, by rights, shouldn't. Its members should, like all childish things, have been put away years ago. And yet they keep on performing as if there was no tomorrow. I'm talking about rock stars, usually male ones. As these heroes of a bygone era drift into the pensionable zone, they may no longer sell records in the way that they used to, but they have a power to magnetise huge sections of the population - and part them from their cash - that makes them the envy of everybody else in the show-business fraternity. The likes of Bruce Springsteen, Mick Jagger and Elton John sailed past their fiftieth and sixtieth birthdays with barely a mumble of complaint from their fans. The larger the scale of their sold-out shows, the more distant they are from audiences and the less noticeable are their jowls or their waistlines. People wonder why the stadiums are dominated by acts who made their names thirty years ago; is it indicative of some fatal streak of nostalgia running through the music business? Hardly. It simply proves that in this day and age, the Hot New Thing can never be quite as hot as the Hot Old Thing. Rock musicians may not have had the fat monthly salaries enjoyed by their grumbling autocue-reading counterparts on TV, but they have something their parents would never have predicted when they quit school and first joined a band - a job for life. 1. What does the writer imply about the Crimewatch presenter he mentions in the first paragraph? A He was unwise to resign when he did. В Не will soon be forgotten by the viewers. С Не may well have had a valid point to make. D He was treated insensitively by his employers. 2. The word 'this' in paragraph 2 refers to A an image. В a level of success. С an exaggerated claim. D a common misperception. 3. Why does the writer mention football managers in the third paragraph? A to show how relatively secure TV presenters are in their jobs В to underline how important luck is in certain occupations С to illustrate a general rule about certain types of high-profile jobs D to support his view that presenters are overpaid 4. In the fourth paragraph, the writer says that TV personalities who may worry about ageism A should look for work in other forms of broadcasting. В may have benefited from it themselves at some point. С are less well respected than the presenters of the past. D are being unfair to up-and-coming younger colleagues. 5. The word 'it' in paragraph 6 refers to A the size of the venues played by ageing rock stars. В the way ageing rock stars keep their fans at a distance. С the backward-looking nature of the rock music business. D the continuing appeal of live performances by certain stars. 6. Why does the writer mention rock stars' parents in the final paragraph? A to underline an irony about the stars' careers В to remind us of the stars' humble beginnings С to put the stars' ongoing popularity in context D to expose an inconsistency in the stars' attitude 7. In the text as a whole, the writer reveals himself to be A critical of show-business personalities who complain. В concerned about the way certain celebrities are treated. С supportive of older people in the world of entertainment. D envious of the success of certain high-profile performers. Part II You are going to read an article in which the writer looks at the harm done by plastic bags and ways of reducing this. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. GETTING RID OF PLASTIC BAGS By Michael McCarthy Plastic bags are one of the greatest problems of the consumer society - or to be more precise, of the throwaway society. First introduced in the United States in 1957, and into the rest of the world by the late 1960s, they have been found so convenient that they have come to be used in massive numbers. In the world as a whole, the annual total manufactured now probably exceeds a trillion - that is, one million billion, or 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000. According to a recent study, whereas plastic bags were rarely seen at sea in the late eighties and early nineties, they are now being found almost everywhere across the planet, from Spitsbergen in the Arctic to the South Atlantic close to Antarctica. They are among the 12 items of rubbish most often found in coastal clean-ups. [1] Windblown plastic bags are so common in Africa that a small industry has appeared: harvesting bags and using them to make hats and other items, with one group of people collecting 30, 000 per month. In some developing countries they are a major nuisance in blocking the drainage systems of towns and villages. What matters is what happens to them after use. Enormous numbers end up being buried or burnt, which is an enormous waste of the oil products which have gone into their manufacture. [2] _____ Turtles mistake them for their jellyfish food and choke on them; birds mistake them for fish with similar consequences; dolphins have been found with plastic bags preventing them breathing properly. The wildlife film-maker Rebecca Hosking was shocked by the effects of the bags on birds on the Pacific island of Midway. She found that two-fifths of the 500, 000 albatross chicks born each year die, the vast majority from swallowing plastic that their parents have mistakenly brought back as food. [3]_____ Many local residents and shopkeepers joined in, and the idea of getting rid of them completely soon spread to other towns and villages. Although some people remain unconvinced, it does seem possible that the entire country could eventually become plastic-bag free. Who could have imagined half-a-century ago that our public places would one day all become cigarette-smoke free? Or that we would all be using lead-free petrol? Who would have thought even a decade ago, come to that, that about two-thirds of us would by now be actively involved in recycling? [4]________ What is needed is a general change in consumer attitudes, towards the habit of using re-usable shopping bags. Older people will remember how this used to be entirely normal as every household had a 'shopping bag', a strong bag which was used to carry items bought in the daily trip to the shops. [5] Today, many of us tend to drive to the supermarket once a week and fill up the car with seven days' worth of supplies, for which plastic bags, of course, are fantastically useful. It's a hard habit to break. However, there has already been a bis drop in plastic bag, use, partly because the leading supermarkets and other shopkeepers are making a major effort to help us give up the habit, with a whole variety of new ideas. [6]__ It is clear that habits are starting to change; reusable bags are more visible than they were even two years ago. Many believe there should be a tax on plastic bags, and the governments of a number of countries are considering the idea. What people have in mind is the example of Ireland, where a tax of? 0.22 was introduced on all plastic bags, the first of its kind in the world. [7]In addition, all the money from the new tax is used for environmental clean-up projects. A. Major changes in public opinion and behaviour can certainly occur. В. On land they are everywhere, too. С. These range from cheap ‘bags for life’ offers to bag-free check-outs. D. Worse still, billions get into the environment, especially the ocean environment, where they become a terrible threat to wildlife. E. But there was a very different pattern of household shopping then: the purchase of a much smaller number of items, on a daily basis, after a walk to small, local shops. F. She realised then that it was too late to do anything about this man-made disaster. G. This quickly brought about a quite amazing reduction of 90 per cent, from 1.2 billion bags a year to fewer than 200, 000 and an enormous increase in the use of cloth bags. H. As a result, she started a movement to turn her home town into the first community in the country to be free of plastic bags. Part III You are going to read about four women who are vegetarian. For questions 1-15, choose from the women (A-D). The women may be chosen more than once. EAT TO LIVE Which woman
A LUISA Luisa has been a vegetarian for four and a half years. She says, 'I've never really liked meat, and throughout my teens ate less and less of it. Then, I went abroad on holiday one year and when I came back I decided to give up meat for good. I'm more interested in food and cooking now than I used to be. My husband and I love food and we spend hours experimenting with different recipes - there's so much you can do with vegetarian food. Our favourite foods are mainly Italian and Indian. We probably eat too much fat in our diet and are aware that we need to cut down. We're not that keen on brown rice and lentils. I also hate things that try to imitate meat. I study labels carefully but we don't worry too much when we eat out.' B RACHEL Rachel has been a vegetarian for four months. 'It was my New Year's resolution, ' she says. 'It's been a real eye-opener. I didn't realise that a lot of things I eat - like sauces - have meat products in them. I became a member of the Vegetarian Society to get more information. It's made me realise how much goes into our food and how little we consumers know. I eat lots of pasta and lentils because they are so cheap and easy to prepare. At first I put on a lot of weight because of all the cheese I was eating. Now I'm much better at experimenting with food and I'm enjoying cooking new things. I'm now trying to convince the other people in my flat to become vegetarian too.'
C CHLOE Having a vegetarian boyfriend at school led Chloe to think about giving up meat. Then she saw a TV programme about badly treated farm animals and it gave her the final push. 'I gave it up there and then, ' she says. 'I did worry about my kids eating only vegetarian food, but my doctor says it's fine. As a family, we eat a lot of fresh food, pasta and lentils, and try to eat organic food - although it’s not always easy. I do use convenience food quite a bit as I work full-time. We don't often eat puddings and usually have fresh fruit after a meal. The children have the worst time because their friends tell them it's unhealthy to be vegetarian. However, the children are keen to stay vegetarian.'
D KATE 'I love vegetarian food and cat it at least four days a week, sometimes more, ' says Kate. 'I prefer the taste, textures and flavours - there are so many interesting ingredients to choose from. I've never been a great meat eater, even as a child, but I haven't been persuaded to cut out meat entirely, as 1 love dishes like chicken curry and salmon. I've been a keen cook for years. Being vegetarian has made me more aware of my health. When I do eat meat, I feel sleepy and slow. USE OF ENGLISH Part I Read the text below and decide which answer (А, В, С or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning. The sticking plaster Nowadays, one of the most (0) common items found in the home is the sticking plaster. Protecting a cut by covering the affected area with a piece of material that sticks to the skin may seem a rather (1) … idea, so it is perhaps surprising to learn that the plaster was not (2) … until about ninety years ago. The person who thought (3) … the idea was Earle Dickson, an employee of the Johnson & Johnson company. Concerned that his wife Josephine sometimes (4) … accidents while cooking and doing other jobs, he used pieces of cotton material placed inside strips of sticky tape to cover her injuries. This prevented dirt getting into the (5) … and protected it from further harm as she did the (6) …. Dickson's boss was impressed, so in 1921 Johnson & Johnson put the new sticking plaster into (7) … under the brand name Band-Aid. Sales at first were slow, but somebody at the company came up with the (8) … idea of giving free plasters to the Boy Scouts. This created publicity and from then (9) … it became a commercial success. Dickson was (10) … within the company, eventually becoming a senior executive. Although the basic design of the sticking plaster has remained similar to the (11) … , there have been many developments in the materials used and it is now (12) … in a variety of shapes, sizes and colours. Total worldwide sales are believed to have exceeded 100 billion.
PART II For questions 1-12, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Популярное: |
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