Example: only went there because Penny invited

1.I don't usually make such foolish mistakes. HABIT

I'm......................................... such foolish mistakes.

2. Most medical students study for their degrees until they are 25. GRADUATE

Most medical students......................................... of 25.

3. I enjoyed the view from the top of the tower despite the fact that I hate being in high places like that. HEAD

Although I …. I enjoyed the view from the top of the tower.

4. Of all the cities I know, there are few that are more beautiful than St Petersburg. LOVELIEST

St Petersburg is one......................................... visited.

5. I'm not sure which year saw the abolition of capital punishment in this country. DID

I'm not sure when they....................................... capital punishment in this country.

6. It's a pity Nico is so unreliable. COUNT

I wish I........................................ Nico.

7. People say that, if you run, you burn calories efficiently. SUPPOSED

Running........................................ way of burning calories.

8. France may be Flora's birthplace but she has never lived there. BORN

Despite the......................................... France, Flora has never lived there.

SPEAKING

Exercise 1. Describe the picture.

Exercise 2. Describe the picture.

Exercise 3. Describe the picture.

Exercise 4. Describe the picture.

Exercise 5. Describe the picture.

Exercise 6.

1. Describe the picture.

2. What process is shown in the picture?

3. How does carbon cycle work and where does carbon originate from?

4. Where does carbon go in the nature?

5. What do you know about carbon footprint?

Exercise 7.

1. Describe the picture.

2. What does the picture show?

3. What functions does eardrum perform?

4. What do you know about inner ear?

5. What do you know about the organ of balance? Where is it located?

Exercise 8.

1. Describe the picture.

2. What can you say about plant nutrition?

3. What does a leaf consist of and what functions do these parts perform?

4. How does plant nutrition take place?

5. How does plant nutrition differ from animal nutrition?

 

Exercise 9.

1. Describe the picture.
2. How does phage DNA become prophage?
3. What events happen with phage DNA?
4. What does a bacterium chromosome consist of?

 

Exercise 10.

1. Describe the picture.

2. Describe the cycle of asexual reproduction (agamogenesis).

3. What development cycle is described in the picture?

4. Describe sexual reproduction cycle.

5. Who is the basic host in sexual reproduction cycle?

Exercise 11. Describe the picture.

1. Describe the picture.
2. What does ubiquinone serve for?
3. What is the chemical compound of mitochondria membrane?
4. Is cytochrome C an interlink? If so, what does it link?
5. What transformations does NADH complex undergo?
6. How does substance transport via inner membrane happen?

 

Exercise 12.

1. Describe the picture.
2. Which organelle is described in the picture?
3. What are the functions of plasmid?
4. What is cytoplasmic membrane necessary for?

Exercise 13.

1. Describe the picture.
2. How are mitochondria important for an organism?
3. What are crisps necessary for?
4. Are there any double membrane organelles?

Exercise 14.

1. Describe the picture.

2. What is RISC?

3. What is siRNA necessary for?

4. What is the function of protein complex?

Exercise 15.

1. Describe the picture.

2. What can you say about muscles?

3. What are nervous tissues responsible for?

4. What functions do bones and cartilage perform in a living organism?

5. Could you name characteristic features of nervous tissues?

Exercise 16.

1. Describe the picture.

2. How is meiosis I called?

3. In which cells does meiosis take place?

4. What are the common features of mitosis and meiosis?

Exercise 17.

1. Describe the picture.
2. What are the differences between this picture and the one in exercise 11?
3. What are centrioles necessary for?
4. What role do ribosomes play?

 

Exercise 18.

1. Describe the picture.
2. What kinds of DNA packing in chromosome do you know?
3. What are the functions of Histone proteins?
4. What other proteins participate in DNA packing?

Exercise 19.

1. Describe the picture.

2. What cell is described in the picture?

3. What is Golgi Apparatus necessary for?

1. What functions do nucleus and nucleolus perform?

Exercise 20.

1. Describe the picture.

2. What ate the functions of Lysosome in a cell?

3. What role in cell activity do chloroplasts play?

4. What is Golgi apparatus necessary for?

5. What role does a nucleus play?

6. What similarities and differences in plant and animal cells can you name?

LISTENING

In this part of the section you will hear short talks. After each talk you will be asked some questions. The talks will be spoken just one time. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Exercise 1.

1. A. Because Dr. Scarsdale designed the diet.

B. Because the doctor who designed the diet was fro Scarsdale, New York.

C. Because the book that outlined the diet was published by Scarsdale.

D. Because the diet leaves scars.

2. A. Five pounds B. Ten pounds C. Twenty pounds D. forty pounds

3. A. It is a limited-intake diet. C. It is a restricted-menu diet

B. It is a new high-energy diet. D. It is a two-thousand-calorie diet.

4. A. Two weeks ago. B. Last year. C. Two years ago. D. Twenty years ago.

Exercise 2.

1. A. The climax association. C. A forest fire.

B. Pioneer plants. D. A disturbance in the balance of nature.

2. A. To demonstrate how man destroys his environment.

B. To show the process in establishing a climax association.

C. To prove that the balance of nature is not disturbed by local agitations.

D. To explain the “web of life”.

3. A. Because it prepares the environment for the forms that will replace it.

B. Because it is stable.

C. Because it assures that plants, animals and minerals are replaced by exactly the same flora and fauna.

D. Because it is the only life that will ever be able to grow in areas where the balance of nature has been disturbed.

4. A. That association can continue to withstand competition for the area by other flora and fauna.

B. That the same kind of plants and animals are in evidence as were in the area prior to the disturbance.

C. That the only one more stage of transition will follow it.

D. That the balance of nature is in a state of disturbance.

Exercise 3.

1. A. The scientist exploited the laws of nature.

B. The engineer was more practical.

C. The engineer was more intellectual.

D. The scientist was deeply involved in the practical application of his or her work.

2. A. A French chemist and bacteriologist.

B. A Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physicist.

C. A British mathematician and philosopher.

D. A Dutch chemist and philosopher.

3. A. As examples of pure scientists.

B. As examples of scientists who represented the best of each century.

C. As examples of scientists who made practical as well as theoretical contributions.

D. As examples of engineers who knew something about pure science.

4. A. That is detached from engineering.

B. That is related to engineering.

C. That is best explained by the historical distinctions made between science and engineering.

D. That is a purely theoretical field.

Exercise 4.

1. A. By the water displacement method.

B. By the limestone method.

C. By the carbon dioxide method.

D. By the hydrochloric acid method.

2. A. Magnesium.

B. Limestone.

C. Carbon.

D. Water.

3. A. The hydrochloric acid broke the carbon bonds in the carbon dioxide.

B. The magnesium oxide broke the carbon-oxygen bonds in the carbon dioxide.

C. The burning magnesium broke the carbon-oxygen bonds in the carbon dioxide.

D The gas collection method broke the carbon-oxygen bonds in the carbon dioxide.

4. A. They could not light the magnesium ribbon.

B. They did not understand the result.

C. They couldn’t collect enough gas.

D. They didn’t know how to explain the procedure.

Exercise 5. This section measures your ability to understand spoken English. Choose the right option to the sentence you have heard.

Questions 1 through 6. Listen to a lecture given to physiology class about smoking.

1. What is the purpose of the lecture?

A. To persuade the students to stop smoking.

B. To explain newly accepted research on smoking.

C. To gain support for anti-smoking legislation.

D. To inform the students of the side effects of smoking.

2. According to the speaker, why did the North Native Americans smoke tobacco?

A. To seal peace treaties among tribes.

B. To suppress appetite when food was scarce.

C. To reduce fatigue and indigestion.

D. To communicate with other tribe members.

3. What is true about smoking during pregnancy?

A. The infants are born earlier than expected.

B. The birth weight is substantially higher.

C. The infants are more likely to have asthma as adults.

D. It interferes with the babies' ability to digest food.

4. What was the main reason behind newly passed anti-smoking legislation?

A. Governmental tax increases on cigarette prices.

B. The refusal of insurance companies to pay for smoking-related diseases.

C. Recent studies on the dangers of second-hand smoke.

D. The sudden increase in teen-age smoking.

5. According to the lecture, which of the following does the autonomic nervous system control? Choose 2 options.

A. Heart rate. B. Muscular movement. C. circulation. D. Speech.

6. What is true regarding nicotine and habitual cigarette smokers?

A. They have difficulty digesting it.

B. They need more to bring about the same effects.

C. It decreases their ability to concentrate.

D. It makes them more tired.

 

Questions 7 through 12. Listen to a lecture about moths.

7. What is the main idea of the lecture?

A. Why butterflies are more popular than moths.

B. The effects of pesticides on moth populations.

C. The physical differences between butterflies and moths.

D. The survival techniques of moths.

8. According to the professor, why are moths less likely to be seen than butterflies?

A. Moths are active during the night. C. There are more butterflies than moths.

B. Butterflies are larger than moths. D. Moths are faster than butterflies.

9. What does the professor say about the antennae of moths?

A. They are thin and smooth. C. They are long and straight.

B. They resemble the antennae of wasps. D. They are knobby and feathery.

10. According to the passage, what do moths imitate in order to camouflage themselves? Choose 2 answers.

A. Flowers. B. Leaves. C. Antennae. D. Sticks.

11. The professor briefly explains a process. Summarize the process by putting the events in order. Choose the correct sentence. Use each sentence only once.

A. The larvae release a highly offensive smell.

B. The caterpillars weave a communal silk tent.

C. Thousands of larvae begin to wiggle and squirm.

D. A predator threatens the larvae.

12. What does the speaker say about the monkey moth?

A. Its legs detach from its body. C. It is in danger of extinction.

B. It has a horrible taste. D. The predator cannot catch it

Questions 13 through 18. Listen to a lecture about different types of joints.

13. What does the professor mainly discuss?

A. The types of joints of highly evolved creatures.

B. The symptoms of arthritic joints.

C. The reasons why joints are so important to mammals.

D. How various joints differ from each other.

14. Based on the professor’s description, classify the following types of joints. Choose the right phrase. Use each phrase only once.

A. Ball and socket joint B. Hinge joint C. Pivot joint

Neck Shoulder Elbow

15. According to the professor, what is true about the ball and socket joint?

A. It is the most delicate of all the joints. C. It is the most common type of joint.

B. It is most likely to be affected by arthritis. D. It allows the greatest range of movement

16. What type of joint is typically characteristic of more evolved creatures?

A. Hinge B. Ball and socket C. Pivot D. Immovable

17. According to the professor, which of the following is the best example of a synovial joint?

 

A. Picture A.

B. Picture B.

C. Picture C.

D. Picture D.

 

16. What happens if the cartilaginous joint becomes damaged?

 

A. It is surgically replaced with an artificial replacement.

B. The ligaments automatically grow stronger.

C. It becomes painful and movement is limited.

D. The synovial fluid is removed

18. According to the lecture, why is information lost from the short-term memory?

A. It disappears into an unknown section of the brain C. It is transferred into the long-term memory.

B. It is replaced by newer information. D. It is blocked by short-term memory inhibitors.

 

Questions 19 through 22. Listen to a lecture about memory.

19. According to the lecture, why is information lost from the short-term memory?

A. It disappears into an unknown section of the brain.

B. It is replaced by newer information.

C. It is transferred into the long-term memory.

D. It is blocked by short-term memory inhibitors.

20. How does the lecturer recommend remembering a person's name?

A. Repeat the name over and over.

B. Write the name down and memorize it later.

C. Associate the name with something ridiculous or absurd.

D. Spell the name repeatedly.

21. According to the lecture, what is the most important factor affecting memory recollection?

A. How full the memory is of unimportant material.

B. How well the material was stored in the association stage.

C. The concentration level during the registration stage.

D. The number of memory self-help books read.

22. What are two disturbances that could possibly affect the recall stage? Choose two answers.

A. Medicine. B. Fatigue. C. Age. D. Disuse.

 

Exercise 6. In this part of the section, you will hear longer conversations and talks. After each conversation or talk you will be asked some questions. You will hear the talks and conversations and the questions about them only one time. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers and decide which one is the best answer to the question you heard.

Questions 1 through 3. Listen to a talk given by a professor to nursing students.

1. What is the talk about?

2. In what way is the interactive computer system important?

3. What aspect of the program is mentioned as being particularly helpful?

 

1. A. A way of training nursing students.

B. A computer system that makes critical decisions.

C. Diagnosis of chronic pulmonary disease.

D. Emergency room procedures.

2. A. Students can practice on elderly patients. C. Students can get grades.

B. Students can learn how to use a stethoscope. D. Students can make critical decisions.

3. A. Its ability to grade students.

B. Its ability to simulate body parts.

C. Its ability to take students through emergency situations.

D. Its ability to show elderly people.

 

Questions 4 through 7. Listen to a talk.

4. What is the lecture mainly about?

5. What were the original monkeys taught to do?

6. Where did the original monkeys live?

7. What was said about the taught behavior?

4. A. 100 monkeys on an island.

B. Islands off the coast of Japan.

C. A study showing the interconnectedness of life.

D. The Japanese sweet potato monkey.

5. A. Copy the behavior of other monkeys. C. Contact monkeys 200 miles away.

B. Eat sweet potatoes in a particular way. D. Teach monkeys on other islands.

6. A. Japan. B. An island off Japan. C. 200 miles from Japan. D. A sweet potato farm.

7. A. It was not typical of monkeys. C. It was difficult to learn.

B. The other monkeys refused to learn it. D. Monkeys learned it at different rates.

 

Questions 8 through 10. Listen to a talk.

8. What is the talk about?

9. What was one of the ways to improve efficiency of movement?

10. What is said of arm strength training?

8. A. Improving your ability to perform sports skills.

B. Carrying through a sport-specific motion.

C. Ingraining patterns in your subconscious movement memory.

D. Improving arm muscles for better performance.

9. A. Repeating the movement.

B. Memorizing the pattern.

C. Performing with less effort.

D. Applying greater speed.

10. A. It is less important than strengthening the larger muscles.

B. It is time consuming.

C. It reduces your risk of injury.

D. It is not part of most athletes’ fitness program.

 

 

Exercise 7. In this part of the section you will hear several short talks. After each talk you will hear some questions. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers and choose the best answer.

Questions 1 through 5. Listen to a talk given by the leader of a hiking club.

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