The smell of New Zealand birds

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New Zealand's native-bird body odour is so strong, it's alerting predators to the birds' (0) …ongoing research shows. The smells may drive some species to (1) …Many bird scents stem from a gland that produces waxes (2) …to keeping feathers healthy. In Europe and the Americas, birds' bodies alter this wax during the (3) …season. During this period the wax's (4) …changes in a way that reduces smells and keeps the birds' nests less (5) …by predators that use their noses to find food. Native New Zealand birds did not do this and their smells are remarkably (6) … Scientists say they have (7) … that New Zealand's birds may be so pungent largely because they were able to get away with it for so long. Native birds never had to mask their scents to improve their (8) …chances. But things eventually changed when rats and cats were introduced into the islands. (9) …of the nests was easy for animals with such good noses. Now many Native New Zealand birds are listed as (10) …byconservation organisations. One solution might be to put some kind of deodorant into the smelly nests in order to prevent predators finding them.

0 - PRESENT 1 - EXTINCT 2 - ESSENCE 3 - BREED 4 - COMPOSE 5 - DETECT 6 – PLEASE 7 - SUSPECT 8 - SURVIVE 9 - COVER 10 – THREAT

Exercise 5. For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0 densely

Evidence of ancient towns found in Amazon

Satellite images of the Upper Amazon Basin have revealed interesting new information about the area. Dozens of ancient, (0) …packed towns arranged in an organised pattern have been mapped. Scientists say the repeated patterns noted within these (1) …suggest a highly ordered way of life. The isolated tribes that remain in the Amazon today are the last (2)… of these once great societies, according to the theory. If this theory is correct, then it is anticipated that it will provide scientists with (3) … that will (4) …help better protect the indigenous populations remaining in the Amazon. Between the towns, which today are almost completely (5) …was a patchwork of fields for crops along with ponds which were in all (6) …used for fish farms. The structure of these towns is similar to that (7) …by planner Ebenezer Howard who proposed the (8) … of 'garden cities'. Now these Amazonian 'garden cities' have been found, scientists must study them closely in the hope of finding a possible (9) … to the modern system of town-building which is destroying vast reaches of the Amazon and (10) … the last of the region's indigenous tribes.

0 - DENSE 1 - SETTLE 2 - SURVIVE 3 - SIGHT 4 - DOUBT 5 - GROW 6 - LIKELY 7 - VISION 8 - DEVELOP 9 - ALTER 10 - PLACE

PART IV

Exercise 1. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0 Our school sports day is held at the end of the summer term.

PLACE

Our school sports day.............................. at the end of the summer term.

Example: takes place

1. Jenny has no intention of joining the hockey team.
INTEND

Jenny......................... the hockey team.

2. CDs are much cheaper than they used to be.
NEARLY

CDs are not....................... as they used to be.

3. 'I'm sixteen now and I can look after myself, ' said Holly.
CARE

Holly said that she could....................... now that she's sixteen.

4. Pippa's parents had planned to visit Denmark this year but in the end they visited Portugal instead.

GOING

Instead....................... Denmark this year, in the end Pippa's parents visited Portugal.

5. Callum doesn't run as fast as Max.
FASTER

Max is a....................... Callum.

6. I don't have enough money for a birthday present for her.
AFFORD

I...................... her a birthday present.

7. It's the captain's job to motivate the team.
RESPONSIBLE

The captain....................... the team.

8.......................................... Joshua's in a bad mood today, so don't bother to ask to borrow his laptop.
POINT
There's........................................ Joshua if you can borrow his laptop as he's in a bad mood today.

Exercise 2. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example: (0)

It's a pity I don't know how to play the guitar!
KNEW

I.......................... how to play the guitar!

Example: wish I knew

1. Going shopping wasn't much fun because I went by myself.
G ONE
I wish I......................... my own because it wasn't much fun.

2. Someone is building a pool at my uncle's house at the moment.
B UILT
My uncle.......................... at his house at the moment.

3. I failed to catch the bus because I got up too late.
MISSED
If I had got up earlier, ……………… the bus.

4. If you had told me about your homework, maybe I could have helped you.
ABLE

If you had told me about your homework, I may................. help you.

5. I regret saying Assad could borrow my bike - I really needit today.

LENT

I really need my bike today - if only I................ Assad.

6. I'm sure Jonas's mum took him to school by car because he wasn't on the bus.
GIVEN
Jonas's mum lift to school because he wasn't on the bus.

7. So many people were in the gym that we didn't all have a chance to work out.

BEEN

I.................... fewer people in the gym, we would all have had a chance to work out.

8. It's not convenient for you to visit on Saturday because I'm busy.

I’d prefer……………….visit on Saturday because I’m busy.

Exercise 3. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0 Our school sports day is held at the end of the summer term. PLACE

Our school sports day................................. at the end of the summer term.

Example: takes place

1. It's a pity I don't know how to play the guitar! KNEW

I....................... how to play the guitar!

2. Our coach thinks it should be easy for us to win this match. FAR

As........................ concerned, it should be easy for us to win this match.

3. Jim will be late for school unless he hurries up! HURRY

Jim will be late for school........................ up!

4. Hi, Lee, can I borrow your pen for a moment, please? MIND

Hi, Lee,....................... I borrow your pen for a moment, please?

5. Anna said she thought Greta had eaten all the ice cream. A CCUSED

Anna....................... all the ice cream.

6. They all had a great day out, even though it rained. SPITE

They all had a great day out,.......................... the rain.

7. My brother thinks of some very interesting ideas for his poems. COMES

My brother....................................... some very interesting ideas for his poems.

8. Leah doesn't like dancing as much as I do. KEEN

Leah....................................... dancing than I am.

Exercise 4. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

0 Milly burst out laughing when she saw herself in the mirror. SIGHT
Milly burst into............................................................ herself in the mirror.

Example: laughter when she caught sight of

1. They all assume that Penny will provide hospitality. GRANTED

Everyone................................................ Penny will provide hospitality.

2. I need to arrange to have my hair done soon. TIME

It ……………………………………………………with the hairdresser.

3. The way he behaves is intolerable. PUT

I can't................................................. any longer.

4. Sarah has responsibility for encouraging pupils to read at the school where she works.

CHARGE

Sarah........................................... at the school where she works.

5. When writing for the student magazine you should remember that teachers will read it too.
WORTH

When you write for the school magazine ….. mind that teachers will read it too.

6. Tim and his twin agree about most things. EYE

Tim and his twin......................................... as most things are concerned.

7. It isn’t Suzie’s fault that the window got broken. BLAME

Suzie …. the window.

8. Today Gina jumped higher than anyone in the world has ever done before. BROKE

Today Gina.......................................... high jump.

Exercise 5. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0 Had Penny not invited me, I wouldn't have gone there. ONLY
I me.

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