European Ministers Agree to Loan Greece

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1. European finance ministers agreed to loan Greece about one hundred seventy-two billion dollars this week at a meeting in Brussels. Luxembourg's Prime Minister announced the agreement: “After a meeting of at least thirteen or fourteen hours, we have reached a far-reaching agreement on Greece’s new program and private sector involvement that will lead to a very significant debt reduction for Greece.”

2. Under the plan, Greece’s private creditors will lose more than half of the face value of their investments. The agreement also means the country will receive its second financial rescue in less than two years. The new loans will likely let the Greek government make a nineteen billion dollar payment on its debt. Now, Greece must negotiate the terms of its loans with individual banks and other investors. But these creditors will have to hurry. Greece can dictate its own terms once it reaches agreement with two thirds of its creditors. Not everyone believes Greece will be able to repay its loans. The Fitch financial services company cut the credit rating of Greece. Fitch said, it remains " highly likely" that the country will fail to meet its financial responsibilities.

3. The Greek parliament has agreed to the idea of spending and job cuts demanded by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. Parliament must now pass all seventy-nine measures included in a reform plan before getting the rescue loans. Prime Minister Lucas Papademos has said his country has a lot of work to do before it can receive new aid.

4. At the same time, protests continue in Greece over budget-cutting measures. Many Greeks say they have sacrificed enough. But Greece’s EU neighbors are unlikely to release new loans until the budget cuts are in place. The head of the EU delegation to the United States told that the union has learned from the crisis. “We learned a lot about the means that we need to deal with emergency situations. We didn’t have them before. We learned that our governance system was not yet at the right level, and we are in fact changing a lot. Thereisalotbeingchanged”.

VI.Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3):

a) истинными (true)

b) ложными (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. The country will receive its second financial rescue in less than five years.

2. Greece can dictate its terms when it reaches agreement with France and Germany.

3. Private creditors will lose more than half of the value of their investments.

Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:

VII. Прочитайте абзац и ответьте письменно на вопрос:

What did the Fitch financial services company cut?

Вариант 2

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1 – 10). Выберите определения (а – j), соответствующие существительным:

1) bid	a) a building used for worship in some religions
2) auction	b) used in homes or relating to homes
3) property	c) someone who buys goods and uses services
4) lease	d) objects produced for sale
5) sale	e) more than is needed
6) goods	f) an offer or proposal of a price
7) surplus	g) buying and selling of property through open public bidding
8) consumer	h) something owned, a possession
9) household	i) the process of selling goods and services for money
10) temple	j) a legal contract granting use of property for a specified period of time in exchange for a specified rent

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II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное слово:

employees, sales, salary, product, production, cash

1) There are over 9 million teenagers in Вritain and they are the most powerful group of __________

2) Jane finds it difficult to survive on such a low__________

3) How do you pay for things you buy: in__________, by cheque or by credit card?

4) If we don’t get another order soon, we’ll have to cut _________and maybe close a factory.

5) One way to inform people about your __________is to advertise it on TV.

6) And you get a special bonus if the company’s _________ go up by more than 15 per cent in the year.

III. a) Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Unemployment benefits have been given to those who are out of work.

2. The company has been dealing in car sales for many years.

3. Вefore John celebrated his 26^th birthday, he had started his own company.

IV. а) Выполните КОПР №1.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Consumer spending is seventy percent of the economic activity in the United States.

2. Commercial properties face two serious problems: falling prices and refinancing.

3. After the recession jobs have continued to disappear, though at slower rates.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.

Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 3, 4.

Auction History

1. The word “auction” is derived from the Latin augere which means “to increase” or “augment”. In an auction each consumer makes a bid for the product, and the highest bid wins. The exact date and time that auctions were first organized is not exactly known. Historians agree on one thing - auctions have been around for a very long time.

2. In the 5^th century, the Greeks held auctions to sell women for the purpose of marriage. The Romans were the first to organize sales of goods at auction. The Chinese used auctions to sell surplus property to raise money for their religious leaders and temples.

3. The Вritish organized regular auctions of books and art in the 1600’s. In some parts of England during the 17^th and 18^th centuries “auction by candle” was used for the sale of goods and leasehold. This auction began by lighting a candle after which bids were offered in ascending order until the candle burnt out. The high bid won the auction. In the late 17^th century auctions came to be held in coffeehouses and taverns throughout London. Such auctions were held daily, and catalogues were printed. In the early 18^th century the great auction houses were created: Sotheby’s and Christie’s. English auction is also known as an open ascending price auction. This type of auction is the most common form of auction in use today.

4. Over the years auctioneering has been progressing and changing, and today it remains more popular than ever. Mostly everything can be sold by auction: antiques, household items, automobiles, land, livestock, designer clothes, etc. Auctioning is becoming more and more common on the World Wide Web, and auctioning websites have become very big business.

VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения:

a) истинными (true)

b) ложными (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. The Greeks were the first to organize sales of goods at auction.

2. In Вabylon auctions of women for marriage were held annually.

3. Women were auctioned for marriage in the 5^th century.

Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:

VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на вопрос:

Who used auctions to sell surplus property to collect money for their leaders?

Вариант 3

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберите определения (a-j), соответствующие этим существительным:

1. audit	a) a formal written document that is a record of an agreement, especially one relating to a property
2. benefit	b) an official examination of a person’s or organization’s accounts by an expert
3. deed	c) the buying and selling of goods and services
4. commerce	d) a good effect or advantage that something has, for example a product or service
5. labour	e) a sudden large increase in the number or amount of something
6. earnings	f) the money that a person receives for the work in a particular period of time
7. leap	g) work involving a lot of physical or mental effort
8. merger	h) knowledge or skill gained from doing a particular job
9. improvement	i) an occasion when two or more companies, organizations etc join together to form a large company
10. experience	j) the act or state of getting better

Занесите свои ответы в таблицу:

II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное слово:

a list, balance, credit, return, share, staff

1. The ________sheet of a company is worked out from the final accounts.

2. Can you give me ________ of current prices?

3. This company will not accept unconfirmed letters of ________

4. Shareholders were offered 18 pence per ________

5. They retired eight members of ________ but didn’t replace them.

6. You can expect a 15% _________on this sum.

III. a) Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.

1. Figures show that unemployment has been growing since 1990s.

2. Proposals have been put forward for increasing worker mobility.

3. Experts have been warning of the bankruptcy since the company was founded.

IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.

b)В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The two carmakers hope to achieve savings of 5% on common projects.

2. American corporations begin to offer entire packages of services.

3. After some hard talking officials decided to take part in a meeting in Geneva.

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