Components of a Full Research Paper
Traditional, print-format " full research papers" usually include the following components, which represent the different stages of the research process. (The names and descriptions of these components may differ slightly from one academic discipline or paper " style" to another.)
- Title page
- Abstract (one paragraph or one page, as/if needed)
- Introduction, or Problem Statement, or Problem Identification: what exactly is being researched and why; what the relevance or importance is; what questions will be addressed, and an overview of what conclusions will be drawn.
- Background and Review of Existing Literature, including definitions of special terminology used in the paper
- Research Methodology: What is Being Studied, and How: In this section the purpose and research questions or hypotheses are re-stated, and the exact nature of what is being researched and how (population and sampling) is defined, along with what instrumentation was used (copies of instruments should be included in Appendices). Also in this section are details on the procedure and time frame of the research, the analysis plan, the validity and reliability of the data used, the author's assumptions which are based on the research, and possible limitations to these assumptions, or other conclusions.
- Data Collection: This presents the raw data collected via the research methodology described above.
- Findings (Results and Analysis of Your Data): A discussion of what you did and discovered, including why and how you feel it is significant.
- Conclusions: A summary of the nature and application of the " new knowledge" represented in your paper. Also included here are possible contraindications of your conclusions, along with proposed further research based on your findings (and the possible contraindications).
- Discussion of 'Limitations': This section is increasingly a part of research articles published in academic journals. It is a separate section of the paper which describes real or potential faults with the methodology, research material, or other factors that could have influenced the research findings.
- Notes (if needed — usually they are... )
- Works Cited, plus a review (where relevant) of related materials which were not cited
- Appendices (if needed), for example to present research instruments which were employed (questionnaires, surveys, statistical data, etc.)
[9] Research and the Research Process, 2013
Read the text again, complete the statement with a suitable ending (A-I).
- New knowledge
- Questionnaire
- Secondary sources
- Research based on studying the essence of objects and events
- Research which attempts to solve problems
- Research in the Sciences and the Humanities
- provide a contextual background of a research
- is called critical review
- is created through research
- is presented in a written form
- is called applied research
- is one of the research tools
- is categorized as explanation
- is referred to as basic research
- may have different focus and methodology
VOCABULARY
Scan the text and circle the words which have the following meaning.
1. to spread information, knowledge, etc. so that it reaches many people
2. a small group of people specially chosen to represent different social classes, etc. who are asked to discuss and give their opinion about a particular subject
3. the process of talking a sample
4. the possible reason for not applying the findings/results of the research
5. a formal speech is made in front of the audience
6. a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document
7. a rule, fact or condition that limits something
8. to use something such as a skill, method, etc. for a particular purpose
Review the words described and fill in the gaps using the suitable ones.
- The article should have an ………………. at the beginning.
- These findings have been widely ………………...
- The ………….. ……………. made an impression on the audience.
- Having decided on the ‘……………… …………….’ of the experiment, the scientist s moved on to the next step of the research process.
- The writer has considered the possible ……………….. to the assumptions.
- The research methodology implied the …………… of the method discussed.
- The researcher analysed the statistical ……………….
- When applying the ‘new knowledge’ represented in the paper, the possible …………………. of conclusions were considered.
A SCHEME OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Using the information provided, create a scheme or a map of the research process.
COMMUNICATION
Generate and swap ideas on the following issues:
- How can the researchers map out the field of the study?
- What does the concept ‘problem’ mean? What is the meaning of a ‘gap’ in the field of study?
- If you were a researcher in Foreign Languages education, what would you like to study? Why?
- What problems in Foreign Languages education need researching?
- What do you know about levels of methodology (philosophical, general scientific, concrete scientific, and technological)?
- What are the main aspects of the modern cognitive lingua-cultural methodology?
PRAGMATICS ACTIVISATION: WRITING
Create a scheme or a map of a research process: transform the information provided in the text into a graphic form using one of the types of graphic organizers. Consult the ‘Writing Bank’ section.
PROJECT
1 Analyse one research paper (article, course paper, diploma project, master degree thesis, etc.) according to the outline given in the text ‘What is Research? ’.
2. Write a report (in 300-350 words), describing the structure and the content of the research, as well as stating its significance in science and Foreign Languages Education. Consult the ‘Writing Bank’ section.
‘CONCEPT CARDS’
1 Choose one of the concepts and create the ‘concept card’ for 7-10 terms:
1. 
Science
2. Research
3. Education
4. Scientific Literacy
5. Information Society
Популярное:
