THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

Тема - Австралия

Грамматика - Модальные и вспомогательные глаголы

Словообразование - слова интернационального значения

Словарь к теме

Задание 1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их.

- southern - южный

- hemisphere - полушарие

- neighbouring -

- desert or semi-desert - пустыня и полупустыня

- least - наименьший

- fertile soil -.плодородная почва

- prosperous - процветающий

- to comprise - включать

- clothing - одежда

- wool - шерсть

- besides - помимо того

- leather - кожа

- mainland - материк

- minor - второстепенный, незначительный

- peculiarities - особенности

- to support - поддерживать

- disease - болезнь, заболевание

- judiciary - судебная власть

- founding - основание, учреждение

Задание 2. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором произношение новых слов,

пользуясь сетевым словарем. http: //www.macmillandictionary.com

Задание 3. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания и их перевод.

- southern hemisphere - южное полушарие

- gives extensive executive power - предоставлять исполнительную власть с широкими полномочиями

- the party with major support - партия, имеющая значительную поддержку

- elections for both chambers - выборы в обе палаты

- judiciary includes - судебная власть включает в себя

- major mainland territories - основные

Задание4. Запишите слова и подберите синонимы к ним.

Ground, government, illness, comprise, representative, administration, soil, consist, deputy, disease

Задание 5. Запишите слова и подберите антонимы к ним.

Include, upper, narrow, stagnate, major, prosperous, wide, eliminate, lower, minor

Задание 6. Прочитайте слова, близкие по звучанию словам русского языка и определите их значение:

Continent, part, population, industries, tourism, constitutional, monarchy, parliament, senate, coalition, prime, minister, party, federal, system

Задание7. Допишите термины к определениям

1) a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country
2) a solemn patriotic song officially adopted by a country as an expression of national identity
3) the elected head of a republican state, a university or a company

Задание 8. Изучите грамматический раздел модуля по теме " Модальные и вспомогательные глаголы.

Задание 9. Напишите предложения, открыв скобки, соблюдая порядок слов.

1. The greatest rivers ( to be ) the Murray and the Darling?

2. Australia (to be ) mainly a producer of wool, wheat, and gold?

3. What countries Australia (to have ) close relationship with?

4. What the capital ( to be) of Australia?

5. Parliament (to be ) the supreme legislative body of Australia?

Задание 10. Выполните перевод предложений на русский язык.

1. The largest part of Australia is desert or semi-desert. 2. The first European settlers in fact, were convicts who had been transported to Australia from Britain. 3. When gold was found in Australia, thousands of people left their cold dark industrial towns in Britain to find their places in the Sun. 4.Mining industry and agriculture are still the main important sources of income in Australia. 5. Today, the Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government.

Задание 11. Составьте 5 вопросов (вопрос к подлежащему, общий вопрос, специальный вопрос, альтернативный и разделительный вопросы) к данному предложению.

The Constitution gives extensive executive power to the Governor-General.

Задание 12. Прочитайте текст и разделите его на вводную, информационную и заключительную части.

Text3. The Commonwealth of Australia

Australia is a country in the southern hemisphere. In fact, there are many names for Australia - Oz, Down Under, the Lucky Country and the official name, the Commonwealth of Australia. It consists of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania and other islands in the Indian the Pacific Oceans. The neighbouring countries are Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. The largest part of Australia is a desert or semi-desert. As a result, most of the central and western parts of the country are uninhabited. Australia is a huge country and has a wide range of climate from the tropical rains in the Northern Territory to the mild temperate climate of Victoria and Tasmania in the south east. Australia has the oldest and least fertile soils. It is the driest inhabited continent. The greatest rivers are the Murray and the Darling. Mount Kosciusko is the highest mountain in the country. The population is about 21 ml. The Aborigines were the first Australians. They had occupied the continent long before the Europeans arrived there. Later a lot of the Aborigines died because of diseases brought by the settlers. The first European settlers in fact, were convicts who had been transported to Australia from Britain. However, when gold was found thousands of people left their cold dark industrial towns in Britain to find their places in the Sun. Today over eighty per cent of Australia's population is of British origin. This can be seen in many aspects of Australian life. English is the national language, cricket is the national game and they drive on the left. Nowadays, many young people from all over the world are eagerly coming to stay in Australia. Over half the population lives in the south-east corner of the country between Sydney and Melbourne. Australia has a prosperous, Western-style mixed economy. Mining industry and agriculture are still the main important sources of income in Australia. The most important branches of industry are metal works, machine-building, clothing, and food industries. However, the service sector of the economy is growing very fast now and comprises about 70% of GDP. It includes tourism, education, and financial services. Australia is mainly a producer of wool, wheat, and gold. Australia has ten times as many sheep as people and and is the world's largest producer of wool. Besides, it exports meat, leather, butter, fresh and dried fruits. Australia, like the USA, has a separate capital city - Canberra which is not in the any of the states. Today, the Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. It means that the British Queen is still the Head of State, while the Heard of the Government is the Prime Minister. The Queen is represented by the Governor-General and by the Governors. The Constitution gives extensive executive power to the Governor-General, but it is normally exercised only on the advice of the Prime Minister. Australia consists of six states and two major mainland territories. Each state and territory has its own state parliament. There are three branches of government; each of them has its own peculiarities. The legislature is represented by the Commonwealth Parliament. It consists of the Queen, the Senate (the upper house), and the House of Representatives (the lower house).The House of Representatives has 150 members, each representing a different area of the country ('electorate'). The Senate is composed of 76 members. Unlike the House of Representatives, the membership of the Senate is divided evenly between the states. Each state has 12 senators, while the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory have 2 senators each. Elections for both chambers are held every three years. The party with major support in the House of Representatives forms the government. Its leader becomes the Prime Minister. There are two major political parties: the Australian Labour Party, and the Coalition of the Liberal Party and the National Party. The executive branch of power consists of the Federal Executive Council. The councillors are the Prime Minister and Ministers of State. The Prime Minister also serves as Australia's Head of Government. The judiciary includes the High Court of Australia and other federal courts. Australia is a founding member of the United Nations, a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, APEC, the WTO, NATO, etc.

Задание 1. Прочитайте следующие предложения и назовите, какие предложения не соответствуют информации в тексте.

1. In Australia the executive branch consists of the President and his delegates.

2. The Queen is represented by the Governor-General and by the Governors.

3. Australia consists of six states and two major mainland territories.

4. The Vice President is the second-highest legislative official of the Australian Government.

5. The members of the President's Cabinet are responsible for the court system of state and executing federal laws and regulations.

Задание 2. Допишите предложения.

1. Australia is situated in the southern …………..

2. The capital city of Australia is ……….

3. The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional ………..

4. The legislative power is represented by the …………...

5. The Commonwealth consists of the Queen, the Senate and the......…

Задание 3. Составьте предложения.

1. Australia is the driest inhabited continent

2. The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional

3. There are three branches of government

4. The most important part of economy is service sector

a) monarchy with a parliamentary system of government.

b) each of them has its own peculiarities.

c) that consists of tourism, education, and financial services.

d) as the most of its territory is desert or semi-desert.

Задание 4. Подберите соответствующие определения к следующим фразам.

1) a dry area of land often covered with sand

2) rich and successful people, places and economies

3) be composed or made up of

4) a member of a local council

a) prosperous

b) consist (of)

c) councillor

d) desert

Задание 5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1.Она, бывало, часто посещала Австралию. 2. Следует ли Содружеству проводить свои Игры в Австралии? 3. Могу я получить подробную информацию о лидерах политических партий Австралии? 4. Мы должны встречать делегацию представителей Содружества Наций? – Нет. Не надо. 5. Когда-то Австралия была колонией Великобритании.

Задание 6. Дайте развернутые ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. Where is Australia situated? What is its area?

2. What is the population of Australia?

3. What is the capital of Australia?

4. What type of economy does Australia have?

5. What are the main industries of Australia’s economy?

6. Who is the head of the country?

7. Who is the legislative power represented by?

8. What are the peculiarities of the executive branch of power?

9. What does the judicial system include?

10. What international organisations is Australia a member of?

Задание 7. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте краткое сообщение по теме «Австралия".

Задание 8. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.

 

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