Заключительные сессии 13-15 (вплоть до 20)

1. Готовить пациента к завершению терапии.

2. Делать упор на том, что и по завершении терапии пациент должен практиковаться в применении поведенческих и когнитивных техник. Объяснять пациенту, что психотерапия — это обучающий процесс, который продолжается всю жизнь.

3. Обговорить с пациентом, какие проблемы он предвидит в будущем и как он может разрешить их.

Литература.

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[1] Бустер (англ. booster) — вспомогательное устройство для увеличения силы тяги и скорости действия основного механизма. — Примеч. пер.

[2] Курсив наш.

[3] Исчерпывающее изложение общих принципов и частных процедур когнитивной терапии содержится в Приложении. Эта форма, включающая раздел «Личные и профессиональные качества терапевта», может быть использована и в качестве руководства по проведению интервью, и для оценки проведенных интервью.

[4] Симптомом-мишенью можно считать любой компонент депрессии, вызывающий страдания у пациента и мешающий его нормальному функционированию. Разнообразные симптомы-мишени могут быть сведены в следующие категории (более подробное описание категорий содержится в работе Beck, 1967, pp. 10-43).

[5] Заметьте, что пациент исходит из иррационального убеждения, которое звучит примерно так: «Если у меня не получается достигнуть совершенства во всех начинаниях — значит я неумеха и неудачник». Однако терапевт не спешит корректировать заблуждения пациента — эта задача будет поставлена позже, когда состояние пациента улучшится. Сейчас же терапевт ставит своей целью внести коррективы в восприятие пациента.

[6] Подготовив себя таким образом к каждому из «препятствий», пациентка смогла — мысленно — доехать до спортивного клуба. Затем терапевт попросил ее еще раз мысленно проделать всю последовательность шагов. Через некоторое время пациентка возобновила занятия аэробикой. Терапевт проинструктировал ее, что в случае возникновения каких-то проблем она должна попытаться решить их на месте, а затем рассказать о них на сессии.

[7] В ответ на это возражение Эллис (личное письмо, 1978) пишет: «РЭТ [рационально-эмотивная терапия] не исключает построения " прочной базы данных" и проверки обоснованности выводов пациента. Хотя такая задача впрямую не ставится перед РЭТ-терапевтом, никто не запрещает ему заняться сбором фактических данных. Во многих случаях я выстроил бы диалог с пациентом, следуя той же модели, из какой исходит ваш терапевт; в других случаях я, вероятно, предпочел бы обсудить с пациентом его самооценку или склонность к катастрофическому восприятию ситуаций — и в ходе этого обсуждения собрал бы ту же самую " базу данных". Я допускаю также, что терапевт может подвести пациента к самоприятию и отказу от катастрофического истолкования действительности с помощью совершенно иной информации, отличной от той, которую собирал ваш терапевт. Рационально-эмотивная модель не регламентирует способы опроса пациента и пути обсуждения проблем».

[8] В тех случаях, когда пациент не в состоянии вычленить наиболее беспокоящие симптомы или более или менее вразумительно обозначить свои проблемы, терапевт может воспользоваться «Шкалой депрессии» (Beck, 1967, 1978). Практически каждый пункт данного опросника может открыть доступ к искаженным или дисфункциональным представлениям пациента.

[9] В английском языке слово vile означает «подлый», «отвратительный». — Примеч. пер.

[10] Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Review, что буквально переводится как «просмотр, вопросы, чтение, пересказ, обзор». — Примеч. пер.

[11] На живом организме (лат.). — Примеч. пер.

[12] Пятнадцать фунтов составляют приблизительно 6, 8 килограмма. — Примеч. пер.

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