It's a good day for shopping.

8 My friend Mark loves dancing. Мой друг Марк любит танцевать.

9 Perhaps some of my other friends'll be there too. Возможно, там будут и другие

мои друзья.

a perhaps - может быть, возможно

б my other friends - мои другие друзья

some of mу other friends - некоторые из моих друзей

10 We like it for dancing but not for sitting and listening. Нам нравится там

танцевать, а не сидеть и слушать.

а it - заменяет слово discotheque.

б we like it for dancing мы любим ее (дискотеку) за танцы

в but not - а не

11 The music's too loud for listening and sitting is boring. Музыка оглушает, а сидеть

скучно, (букв. Музыка слишком громкая, чтобы ее слушать, а сидеть скучно.)

Итак, вы много раз встречались с особой глагольной формой, оканчивающейся на ing. Вы уже в первом уроке познакомились с формой причастия настоящего времени, также имеющей окончание - ing ( going, arriving, и т.п.), которая участвует в образовании так называемого продолженного времени (см. прим. 9, урок I). Глагольные формы на -ing, которых так много в речи Тима Фентона ( dancing, sitting, listening, и др.) не являются причастиями настоящего времени и несколько раз уже были названы " особыми", так как они не имеют эквивалента в русском языке. Особенностью этой формы глагола с окончанием - ing является то, что она выполняет в предложении функции существительного и может быть подлежащим: Sitting is boring (сидеть скучно); прямым дополнением: My friend loves dancing (мой друг любит танцы, мой друг любит танцевать), предложным дополнением: It is a good place for talking quietly (это удобное место, где можно спокойно поговорить), We like it for dancing (мы любим ее за танцы), The music's too loud for listening (музыка слишком громкая, чтобы ее слушать).

На русский язык эта форма, которую в грамматиках называют герундием, переводится, в зависимости от контекста, существительным (танцы) инфинитивом глагола (танцевать) или описательно (где можно спокойно поговорить).

12 I hope it won't be too crowded tonight. Я надеюсь, там сегодня не будет слишком

много народу.

а it заменяет слово discotheque,

б won't be - сокращение от will not be.

It'll be crowded tonight. - утвердительная форма;

It won't be crowded tonight. - отрицательная форма.

13 There'll be four of us. Нас будет четверо. There'll be = there will be

Вы знаете оборот there is, there are (см. прим. 8, 29, урок 3) there'll be - этот же оборот в будущем времени.

14 I'd like you to meet Mark Fagan. Познакомься - Марк Фейген. (букв. Я бы хотел,

чтобы ты встретила Марка Фейгена.)

I'd like you to meet Mark. Я бы хотел, чтобы ты встретила Марка.

I'd like him to dance. Я бы хотел, чтобы он танцевал.

I'd like her to go to the hairdresser's. Я бы хотел, чтобы она пошла в парикмахерскую.

На русский язык оборот такого типа переводится обычно придаточным

предложением.

15 То park my саг. Поставить мою машину.

16 I couldn't find a parking space. Я не мог найти место для стоянки.

17 Neither could I. И я тоже.

I can't find him. Я не мог найти его.

Neither could I. И я тоже.

18 I'll be back in a few minutes. Я вернусь через несколько минут.

to be back - возвращаться По значению то же, что и to come back: I'll be back in a few minutes = I’ll come back in a few minutes.

19 Where's the group? They're having a rest. Где оркестр? Он отдыхает.

а They're having a rest. Они отдыхают.

Как вы уже знаете, в английском языке собирательное существительное единственного числа, означающее группу людей, обычно заменяет местоимение множественного числа ( they - они), когда имеются в виду члены этой группы. (См. прим. 7, урок 11.)

б to have a rest - отдохнуть, передохнуть

20 I'm a student but I'm working with Tim for the summer. Я студент, но я работаю

с Тимом в это лето.

У английских студентов принято подрабатывать в летние каникулы. Марк работает

в одном учреждении с Тимом в течение лета.

21 You won't be here for long, will you? Вы здесь будете недолго, не так ли? (букв.

Вы не будете здесь долго, не так ли? )

I'll only be here until the end of August and then I'll go home.

Я буду здесь только до конца августа, а потом поеду домой. В Англии учебный год начинается в первых числах октября, а не 1 сентября, как у нас.

23 Why will you go there? Почему вы туда поедете? there - туда

24 I hope to work for an advertising agency one day. Я надеюсь когда-нибудь работать

в рекламном агентстве.

to work for an advertising agency - букв, работать для рекламного агентства.

25 I 'm doing modern languages. Я изучаю современные языки. (букв, я делаю

современные языки.)

26 Will the Hunts be angry? Ханты рассердятся? to be angry - сердиться

27 Will we be home before two? Мы будем дома до двух?

EXERCISES

Exercise 1

 

Examples

John will be on time.

Will John be on time?

I will have two weeks' holiday in the mountains.

Will I have two weeks' holiday in the mountains?

 

1 John will be on time.

2 I will have two weeks' holiday in the mountains.

3 Mr. and Mrs. Hunt will be angry.

4 It will be fun this evening.

5 Some of her friends will be there.

6 Mark will be here in a few minutes.

7 Mark will have another beer.

8 It will be your first year.

9 We will be home before two.

10 She will be tired in the morning.

 

Exercise 2

Examples

I went to the theatre on Thursday.

I will go to the theatre on Thursday.

Sue was with me.

Sue will be with me.

 

1 I went to the theatre on Thursday.

2 Sue was with me.

3 We did not go to a nightclub after the play.

4 All the nightclubs were too crowded.

5 We went to a restaurant for dinner.

6 I had steak but Sue did not.

7 Sue had lobster.

8 We were thirsty after the play.

9 So I got beers for us.

10 I went to Sue's hotel with her

11 It was very late and her parents were in bed.

12 They were not angry with us.

 

Exercise 3

 

Examples

What kind of day is it? hot; swimming

It 'shot. It's a good day for swimming.

What kind of morning is it? wet; staying in bed

It's wet. It's a good morning for staying in bed.

 

1 What kind of day is it? hot; swimming

2 What kind of morning is it? wet; staying in bed

3 What kind of bed is it? comfortable; sleeping in

4 What kind of place is it? quiet; sitting

5 What kind of afternoon is it? perfect; walking

6 What kind of evening is it? lovely; driving

7 What kind of town is it? big; shopping

8 What kind of day is it? clear; sightseeing

 

Exercise 4

 

Examples

It is cold and wet.

What kind of day is it?

He is small and friendly.

What kind of man is he?

 

1 It is cold and wet.

2 He is small and friendly.

3 It is new and Guy drives it very fast

4 John buys it every day and he reads it.

5 It is interesting but the production is not very good.

6 It is comfortable and it is possible to sleep in it.

7 It is classical or pop and Simon is listening to it.

8 Some of them are men and some of them are women.

 

Exercise 5

 

Examples

I hope you don't want a cup of tea.

You don't want a cup of tea, do you?

I'm sure he doesn't need me now.

He doesn't need me now, does he?

 

1 I hope you don't want a cup of tea.

2 I'm sure he doesn't need me now.

3 I'm sure they weren't at the party.

4 I hope we're not going to the cinema this evening.

5 I'm sure she isn't playing the drums in that group.

6 I'm sure he wasn't in the best seats.

7 I hope Sarah didn't see you.

8 I'm sure he can't eat another steak.

9 I'm sure we aren't driving to Scotland this weekend.

10 I hope I'm not reading your newspaper

 

Exercise 6

Examples

I am going... the theatre with George and his friend.

I am going to the theatre with George and his friend.

The theatre is very... Shaftesbury Avenue.

The theatre is very near Shaftesbury A venue.

 

1 I am going... the theatre with George and his friend.

2 The theatre is very... Shaftesbury Avenue.

3 It is... Piccadilly Circus.

4 We are going to a restaurant…the play, because the play doesn't finish...

eleven thirty.

5 I hope George will sit... to me.

6 Then,... the play, we're all going to go to a nightclub.

7 I hope George will be here... a few minutes.

8 We will meet George's friend... six o'clock.

 

THE INVENTIVE AMERICAN CUISINE

 

The United States is a vast pantry. On American grasslands that are as large as some of the countries of the world, roam enormous herds of beef cattle. An overflowing abundance of fruit and vegetables of countless varieties springs from its earth. A profusion of lobsters, crabs, clams, oysters, shrimps and fish is drawn from its waters. Its golden waves of grain reach to endless horizons.

If America is a pantry, the American kitchen is a laboratory. It is equipped with a wealth of culinary machines and gadgets designed to simplify the task of prepar­ing the products of nature's generosity for the dinner-table. America's obsession with labour-saving tools and mechanical devices was translated, first, into such simple gadgets as apple peelers and hand-cranked ice-cream freezers, and later in­to space-age ovens, high-speed blenders, electric juicers and an extensive catalogue of other implements that have transformed the process of cooking.

Ironically, this amalgam of abundance and mechanics has not resulted in a fancy American cruisine. Generally, American cooking is unsophisticated and straightforward, concerned with content rather than form.

The best-known and most popular American foods are grilled steaks, ham­burgers, fried chicken, boiled lobster and fried fish. All of these dishes can be delicious, and none requires much cooking flair. Some recipes for Southern fried chicken, however, are jealously guarded family secrets, and a pure beef ham­burger with onions and relish on a fresh sesame-seed roll can taste good enough to be a product of culinary magic.

The simplicity of most cooking in the United States is deceptive. Although the American cook may not spend long hours over a hot stove, and, due to a highly efficient food distribution system, big-city cooking tends to be the same across the country, the variety of regional foods in America is formidable. New England cooking has little in common with Pennsylvania Dutch cooking. Neither has a Montana rodeo roast with a magnificent traditional Hawaiian luau. Indian in­fluences in the Southwest, and French-Spanish influences in Louisiana are still apparent. But the settlers from England, Holland and a dozen other countries as well, who tamed the Atlantic coast and gradually pushed the frontier back across the continent to the Pacific Ocean, had little time or inclination for ceremony or ritual in cooking.

The first problem was survival. The settlers held that if the ingredients were good and properly cooked, whether fried, baked or boiled, that's all that could, or should, be desired.

 

Restaurant English

Over the decades, this no-nonsense approach to cooking sank deep into the American culture, although even on the frontier a woman could gain fame for the lightness of her corn biscuits or the delicacy of her hot berry pie. Gradually, however, regional distinctions began to emerge and flourish sb that, for example, there is now fried Kentucky ham with red-eye gravy, smoked Pennsylavia Dutch ham with dried apples, cornmeal-coated Texas ham, thinly sliced Virginia ham with hot biscuits, Missouri baked glazed ham. Similarly, clam chowder was given a milk base in New England, a tomato base in the mid-America region, and the clams in the chowder were sometimes replaced by oysters in the South.

Aside from regional differences, there were lessons learnt from later arrivals from Europe who brought with them to America a taste and a skill for a different kind of kitchen craft, for sauerbraten in Milwaukee, for Polish sausage in Chicago and for a dozen different spaghetti sauces in New York.

There is a versatility and ingenuity to the American cuisine which belies its basic simplicity. It is as varied, inventive and ultimately indefinable as America itself.

 

Questions:

 

1. Why is the USA compared to a pantry?

2. What is an American kitchen like?

3. Mention some well-known American dishes.

4. Why is big-city cooking very much the same all over the United States?

5. Where does the no-nonsense American attitude to cuisine come from?

6. What is your opinion of American cooking?

 

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