The United States of America

Соединенные Штаты Америки

Russia Россия

Canada Канада

China Китай

North America Северная Америка

the Pacific Ocean Тихий океан

the Atlantic Ocean Атлантический океан

Alaska Аляска

Hawaii Гавайи

Mexico Мексика

District of Columbia округ Колумбия Washington Вашингтон

the Rocky Mountains Скалистые горы

the Cordillera Кордильеры

the Sierra Nevada Сьерра-Невада

Mount McKinley гора Мак-Кинли

the Mississippi Миссисипи

the Missouri Миссури

the Rio Grande Рио-Гранде

the Columbia Колумбия

the Great Lakes Великие озера ( 5 озер: Мичиган, Онтарио, Гурон, Верхнее озеро и Эри )

the Gulf of Mexico Мексиканский залив Florida Флорида

Los Angeles Лос-Анджелес

Chicago Чикаго

Philadelphia Филадельфия

Detroit Детройт

San-Francisco Сан-Франциско

the Congress Конгресс

the Senate Сенат

the House of Representatives

Палата представителей

the Republican and the Democratic parties Республиканская и Демократическая партии

 

Vocabulary

to occupy занимать

southern южный

to stretch тянуться, простираться

to include включать

total area общая площадь

to border on граничить с

sea-border морская граница

federal федеральный

lowlands низменность, долина, низина

to be located находиться, быть расположенным

to vary меняться, варьировать

arctic арктический

continental континентальный

subtropical субтропический

typhoon тайфун

coast побережье

highly developed высокоразвитый

copper медь

oil нефть

iron ore железная руда

coal каменный уголь

manufacturing промышленный

aircraft самолеты, самолетостроение

textile текстиль

armament вооружение

origin происхождение

Chinese китайский; китаец

according to в соответствии с, согласно, по

powers полномочия

branch ветвь

the executive исполнительная власть

the legislative законодательная власть

the judicial судебная власть

 

 

Questions:

1. Where is the USA situated?

2. What's the total area of the country?

3. What countries does the USA border on?

4. How many states does the USA consist of?

5. What is the capital of the country?

6. Can you name any other cities in the USA?

7. What is the population of the United States?

8. What mountains in the USA do you know?

9. What are the largest rivers?

10. What can you say about the climate of the country?

11. What does the USA produce?

12. According to the US Constitution the powers of the government

are divided into 3 branches. What are they?

13. How many chambers does the Congress of the USA consist?

14. What are the main political parties in the USA?

15. Who is the US President now?

LESSON TWENTY ONE (21)

TWENTY FIRST (21^st) LESSON

Going to Sussex

Part 1

Mr. Blake Simon, Jane and Sheila are going to meet me here soon. I hope they'll be able to find me. They haven't been to Victoria before. It's a huge station, so they might get lost. I'll worry about them until I see them. Before I left my office I phoned their hotel. Simon was ready but neither of the girls was ready. He was cross.

They're coming to our house for the weekend. I hope we'll have good weather. If the weather's fine, they'll be able to spend a lot of time on the beach. They like swimming. My children like swimming, too. So do I. I hope it'll be a nice weekend.

 

Part 2

At the railway station

Jane Hello, Mr. Blake. We're not late, are we?

Mr. Blake Hello, Jane. No, you're not late. I was a little early.

Jane When does the train leave?

Mr. Blake It leaves at four twenty-seven (4.27). If we hurry, we'll be able to catch it.

Jane Is it an express?

Mr. Blake No, it's a stopping train.

Jane Shall I buy the tickets, Mr. Blake?

Mr. Blake Oh yes. I forgot about them. There's the booking office.

Jane Do you know how much the fare is?

Mr. Blake Seventy-five pence (75p) for a single ticket or one pound fifty (£ 1.50) for a return. But ask for a weekend return. That might be cheaper. And ask for a timetable, too. You'll need it on Sunday.

Jane All right. I'll meet you at the entrance to the platform. Which platform is ours?

Mr. Blake Platform sixteen. I'll take your suitcase. Which one's yours?

Jane That one's mine.

Mr. Blake Hurry. The train leaves at four twenty-seven (4.27).

Jane From platform sixteen?

Mr. Blake Yes.

The suitcases

Mr. Blake Let's sit in this compartment. Girls, you sit here. Simon and I'll put your suitcases on the rack. Whose is this one?

Simon That's Sheila's.

Mr. Blake Hers is heavy.

Simon Yes. She always brings a lot of things with her. She's always changing her clothes.

Mr. Blake Is this hers, too?

Simon No, that's Jane's.

Mr. Blake And where's yours?

Simon Mine's here. It's this small bag. I've only brought my swimming trunks and a few other things. I hope we'll be able to swim.

Mr. Blake Of course you will.

Simon Will we be able to swim when we get there?

Mr. Blake Yes, I think so. Although the tide'll be out, it'll be safe. You won't be able to dive off the rocks. When the tide's in, you'll be able to dive.

Simon That's all right. I like diving but I prefer swimming. When's high tide?

Mr. Blake Low tide was at about nine o'clock (9.00) this morning, so high tide'll be at about four (4.00) tomorrow afternoon.

 

Sports

 

Mr. Blake Don't the girls like swimming?

Simon Jane likes swimming. She's very good.

Mr. Blake And what about Sheila?

Simon I know she likes sunbathing.

Mr. Blake Doesn't she like swimming?

Simon I'm not sure. Girls never talk about sports.

Mr. Blake Do you like other sports, Simon?

Simon Oh yes.

Mr. Blake What do you like doing in the winter?

Simon I like skating and I love ski-ing. Ian goes ski-ing, doesn't he?

Mr. Blake Yes, he does. Although he didn't learn to ski until we went to Scotland last year, he's very good now.

Simon I didn't learn until we went to Geneva.

Mr. Blake Does either of your parents ski?

Simon No, neither of them skis but Jane does.

 

The journey

 

Mr. Blake It's five thirty (5.30) and the train arrives at five forty-two (5.42).

Simon We're almost there. That didn't seem like we are late.

Mr. Blake Although it takes an hour and thirty minutes, it never seems very long.

Simon Shall we get the luggage before the train stops?

Mr. Blake Yes, let's take it down now

Simon Are these suitcases ours?

Mr. Blake No. Neither of them is ours? Ours are on this side.

Simon Oh yes, I remember. The girls have grey suitcases. These are theirs. And this briefcase is yours, isn't it?

Mr. Blake Yes. Thank you. We're almost at the station. Let's walk down the corridor towards the door.

 

Part 3

 

Pound notes

 

Harry Whose are these two pound notes?

Jim They're mine.

Harry They aren't yours. They're John's, aren't they?

Jim No, they aren't his. His are new.

Harry What are yours like?

Jim Mine are old.

Harry Neither of these notes is old.

 

Friends

 

Pat Mary, will you be able to help me this evening?

Mary No, I won't but I'll be able to help you tomorrow.

Pat John, can you help me today?

John I'm sorry. I can't help you today or tomorrow but I'll be able to help you the day after tomorrow.

Pat Harry. What about you? Can you help me?

Harry I don't think so. I won't be able to help you until I see you next week.

Pat What helpful friends!

 

Комментарий к двадцать первому уроку

Часть первая

1Going to Sussex Поездка в Сасеекс

2I hope they'll be able to find me. Надеюсь, что они смогут меня найти.

to be able to do something - мочь, быть в состоянии сделать ч-л.

Вы знаете глагол саn - мочь в двух формах - настоящего и прошедшего времени:

She can help me. - Она может мне помочь.

She could help me. - Она могла мне помочь.

Однако глагол саn не имеет формы будущего времени. Для того, чтобы выразить идею будущего времени - смогу, сможет, будет в состоянии, и т.п. - употребляется выражение to be able to:

She'll be able to help me. - Она сможет мне помочь.

3It's a huge station, so they might get lost. Это огромный вокзал, так что они могли заблудиться.

a a huge station - огромный вокзал Имеется в виду вокзал Виктория - один из крупнейших лондонских вокзалов, обслуживающий линии южного направления

б they might они могли Прошедшее время от глагола may.

в to get lost заблудиться, потеряться Вы знаете глагол to lose терять.

4 Before I left my office I 'phoned their hotel. Прежде, чем уйти с работы, я позвонил к

ним в гостиницу.

5 Simon was ready but neither of the girls was ready. Саймон был уже готов, но ни одна из

девочек не была готова.

neither of ни один (из двух)

Часть вторая

6 If we hurry, we'll he able to catch it. Если мы поторопимся, мы успеем сесть на него.

7 Dо you know how much the fare is? Вы знаете, сколько стоит билет?

8 Seventy-five репсе (75р) for a single ticket. Семьдесят пять пенсов за билет в один конец.

9 That might be cheaper. Возможно, это было бы дешевле.

10 I'll meet you at the entrance to the platform. Я с вами встречусь у выхода на платформу.

the entrance to the platform - букв, вход на платформу

11 Which one's yours? Который ваш?

12 That one's mine. Tom - мой. yours - ваш; mine - мой Сравните: my suitcase мой чемодан

your suitcase ваш чемодан

This suitcase is mine. - Этот чемодан - мой.

This suitcase is yours. - Этот чемодан - ваш.

В русском языке мы имеем одну и ту же форму в обоих случаях - мой, ваш. В английском же языке притяжательные местоимения (отвечающие на вопрос чей? чья? чье? чьи? ) в тех случаях, когда они употреблены самостоятельно, отдельно от определяемого слова или существительного, имеют особую форму: mine, yours. Ниже вам встретятся формы других лиц ( hers, his и т.п.).

13 Simon and I'll put your suitcases on the rack. Мы с Саймоном положим ваши чемоданы на багажную полку.

Simon and I - Саймон и я, мы с Саймоном (см. прим. 15, урок 19.)

14 Whose is this one? Чей вот этот (чемодан)?

15 That's Sheila's. Это - Шейлы.

16 Hers is heavy. У неё тяжелый.

hers её См. прим. 12 к этому уроку.

17 Although the tide'll be out, it'll be safe. Хотя будет время отлива, купание будет безопасно.

a although - хотя

б the tide'll be out будет отлив

18 You won't be able to dive off the rocks. Ты не сможешь нырять с камней (букв, со скал, с утесов.)

19 When the tide's in, you'll be able to dive. Ты сможешь нырять время прилива.

when the tide's out - во время отлива

when the tide's in - во время прилива

20 I like diving but I prefer swimming. Я люблю нырять, но я больше люблю плавать. (букв. Я люблю нырять, но я предпочитаю плавание.)

21 When's high tide? Когда прилив?

high tide - высшая точка прилива

22 Low tide was at about nine o'clock this morning. Отлив был сегодня около девяти часов утра.

low tide - низшая точка отлива

23 She likes swimming. She's very good. Она любит плавать. Она очень хорошо плавает.

24 1 like skating and I love ski-ing. Мне нравиться кататься на коньках и я люблю кататься па лыжах.

В этом предложении хорошо видна разница в значении между глаголами to like - любить, нравиться и to love любить. По-русски оба глагола можно перевести словом люблю, но по-английски совершенно ясно, что Саймон больше любит кататься на лыжах, чем на коньках, потому что глагол to love эмоционально выразительнее и сильнее, чем to like.

26 Ian goes ski-ing, doesn't he? Иan ходит на лыжах, не правда ли?

27 to go ski-ing - кататься на лыжах, ходить на лыжах, заниматься лыжами

I go ski-ing every winter. Я каждую зиму катаюсь на лыжах.

I go skating every week. Я катаюсь на коньках каждую неделю. (Я хожу на каток

каждую неделю.)

26 No, neither of them skis but Jane does. Нет, ни один из них нe катается на лыжах, но Джейн катается.

27 We're almost there. Мы почти приехали.

28 Shall we get the luggage down before the train stops? Снимем багаж, пока поезд не остановился?

29 Are these suitcases ours? Эти чемоданы наши?

30 These are theirs. Эти - их.

Теперь вы знаете обе формы притяжательных местоимений (см. прим. 12 к этому уроку):

My mine our ours

Her hers your - yours

His - his their theirs

EXERCISES

Exercise 1

Examples

No, they are not our suitcases.

Whose are those suitcases? Are they yours?

No, it is not their luggage.

Whose is that luggage? Is it theirs?

 

1 No, they are not our suitcases.

2 No, it is not their luggage.

3 No, they are not your pound notes.

4 No, they are not my tickets.

5 No, it is not his suit.

6 No, it is not her book.

7 No, they are not my magazines.

8 No, they are not our clothes.

9 No, it is not their table.

10 No, it is not his car.

 

Exercise 2

Examples

I can't ski.

We're going to Geneva.

You will be able to ski when we go to Geneva.

He can't see the Tower of London.

We'll go to the top of that building.

He will be able to see the Tower of London when we go to the top of that building.

 

1 I can't ski.

We're going to Geneva.

2 He can't see the Tower of London.

We'll go to the top of that building.

3 They can't find a house they like.

They're coming to Kent.

4 She can't help you.

She’s finishing her work.

5 I can't remember the song.

You'll listen to it.

6 We can't have another blanket.

You'll ring room service.

7 She can't phone him.

She's coming to the hotel.

8 They can't sunbathe.

It'll be sunny.

 

Exercise 3

 

Examples

What do you like doing?

I study.

Do you like studying? Yes, I am always studying.

And your brother?

He reads.

Does he like reading? Yes, he is always reading.

1 What do you like doing?

I study.

2 And your brother?

He reads.

3 And Mary?

She writes letters.

4 And your father?

He watches television

5 And Bob?

He goes to football matches.

6 And Uncle Tom?

He eats.

7 And Aunt Jane?

She goes to nightclubs.

8 And the neighbours?

They sit in the garden.

9 And you and your friends?

We listen to music.

10 And your teacher?

He talks.

Exercise 4

Examples

Neither of my parents.... have skied/skis/ski

Neither of my parents skis.

Some of my friends... students. is/has been/are

Some of my friends are students.

 

1 Neither of my parents… have skied/skis/ski

2 Some of my friends... students. is/has been/are

3. .. either of your parents phoned Mary today? has/have/is

4. .. either of your brothers got red hair? is/has/have

5 Three of my children... at the theatre with me. is/are/was

6. .. any of your friends like sightseeing? does/do/has

7. .. either of your parents been to a concert? hasn't/haven't/weren't

8 Neither of the men... tell us. can/has/had

9. .. both your parents got grey hair? have/are/has

10 Neither of the houses... very pleasant. was/were/wasn't

 

 

Exercise 5

 

Examples

The house was expensive. We are not in bed yet.

It is late. We have bought it.

Although the house was expensive, we have bought it.

Although it is late, we are not in bed yet.

1 The house was expensive. You will be able to swim.

2 It is late. It never seems long.

3 He did not learn to ski until he was eighteen. He is at university.

4 The tide will be out. We have bought it.

5 It takes an hour. I do not like her.

6 I think she is pretty. They still look young.

7 He does not like studying. We are not in bed yet.

8 They are sixty. I like it.

9 I do, not listen to music very often. We do not know them well.

10 We live next door to the Smiths. He is very good now.

 

WATCHING FOOTBALL

(A humorous view on the behaviour of fans at the stadium.)

 

Twenty-two men play a game of football and eighty thousand watch them, and yet those who play are the only ones who follow certain rules and regulations. This is, of course, ridiculous. A set of official rules for spec­tators at football games is therefore reproduced below. In the first place, there is the question of shouting encouragementat the players. There must be no more random shouting. It is of course understood that the players are entirely dependent on the advice of the advice of the spec­tators, and how is a player to know what to do if, for example, he hears a man shouting, " Wait for them, Willy! " and another man shouting, " Try a pass, Willy! "

The official advisers in the stands must work together. Before each player goes to do something, there should be a conference among the fans and as soon as the majority have come to a decision, their advice should be shouted to the player in unison.

In the matter of hostile remarks addressed at an unpopular player on the visiting team it would probably be better to leave the wording entirely to individual fans. Each man has his own talent in this sort of thing.

For those fans who are occasionally obliged to take inexperienced lady-friends to a game, a special set of rules has been prepared. These include the compulsory purchase of tickets in what is called the " Explaining Section".

The view of the field from this section is not very good, but it doesn't matter, as the men will be too busy explaining to see anything of the game anyway, and the women can see just enough to give them material or questions.

Absolutely no gentlemen with uninformed ladies will be admitted to the main stand. In order to enforce this regulation a short examination on the rules of the game will take place at the gate, in which ladies will be expected to answer briefly the following questions:

 

1. What game is being played on this field?

2. How many games have you seen before?

3. What is a goal-keeper in football?

4. What colour uniform does the home team wear?

5. What is the name of the home team?

6. Do you cry easily?

7. Is there anything else you would rather be doing this afternoon?

If so, please go and do it.

 

(After R. Benchley)

 

LESSON TWENTY TWO (22)

TWENTY SECOND (22^nd) LESSON

Hearing about the weekend

Part 1

Jane Hunt We've been back at the hotel since about ten twenty (10.20). Mum and Dad'll probably be back by midnight. They'd hoped to get back earlier but they missed the train.

They phoned us a little while ago. Mum was cross because the taxi driver had driven

so slowly. The train had left when they arrived at the station. If they'd arrived five minutes earlier, they would have caught it.

We're waiting to hear about their weekend. Neither of them had visited Cambridge before they went on this visit. They were both quite excited. Dad had read a bit about the city before they left. We want to tell them about our weekend, too. If they'd caught the train, they would have been here by now. We'll probably be awake for a long time. I hope I won't go to sleep before they come back.

 

Part 2

 

King's College

 

Jane Tell me about your weekend. What did you do after you'd arrived at Mr. Tate's

office?

Mrs. Hunt I spent the day with Mrs. Tate. After Dad and Mr. Tate had left for the conference, she and I went out.

Jane Did anyone else go with you?

Mrs. Hunt No, no one else went with us. If anyone else had gone with us, there would have been too many people.

Mr. Hunt If you have a lot of women together, you'll have trouble.

Jane Where did you go, Mum?

Mrs. Hunt To King's College.

Jane Did you see the whole college?

Mrs. Hunt Oh no, a lot of it's private.

Jane Did you see any students?

Mrs. Hunt Most of them were on holiday but there was a group of boys who looked like

students.

Jane What else did you do?

Mrs. Hunt After we'd looked round King's, we did some shopping.

 

Jane's train ride

 

Jane Did you take your camera with you?

Mrs. Hunt Yes, we took it with us. We took a lot of photos.

Mrs. Hunt Tell us about your weekend. Did you have a good time?

Jane Yes, we had a marvellous time.

Mrs. Hunt Did you have any trouble on Friday?

Jane No, after you and Dad had gone, we packed our things.

Mrs. Hunt And did you meet Mr. Blake on time?

Jane Yes, he'd phoned us before he left his office.

Mrs. Hunt What did he do that for?

Jane To remind us, I suppose.

Mrs. Hunt Was the train journey all right?

Jane I suppose so. I'd taken a book, so I read that.

Mrs. Hunt Don't your eyes hurt when you read on a train?

Jane No, mine don't. Do yours?

Mrs. Hunt Yes. They're probably weaker than yours.

Mr. Hunt I suppose Simon's sleeping, isn't he?

 

Simon's wet clothes

 

Jane Yes, he'd gone to sleep before you phoned. He and Ian woke up early this morning. After they'd played cricket for a couple of hours, they went out in the boat.

Mr. Hunt But the Blakes haven't got a boat. Whose boat was it?

Jane A neighbour's. Ian had borrowed it.

Mr. Hunt That was nice. Did they have a good time?

Jane Oh yes. It was very funny, too. They stopped to look at the engine and Simon fell

out of the boat. His clothes were still wet when he came back. Mrs.

Hunt What did Mrs. Blake say?

Jane Nothing, she laughed.

Mrs. Hunt Did everyone else laugh?

Jane Yes, we all laughed. After he'd changed his clothes, I put them on the

clothes line. They're dry now.

Mrs. Hunt What else did you do today?

Jane After we'd been for a swim, Sheila and I helped Mrs. Blake. We cooked some food for a picnic.

Mrs. Hunt Is Mrs. Blake a good cook?

Jane Yes, she's an excellent cook and she's very friendly. After we'd been there for a couple of hours, we didn't feel like guests: we felt like members of the family.

Mr. Hunt Where did you have your picnic?

Jane Oh, that was fun. We went out in the boat Ian had borrowed.

Mrs. Hunt What did you do that for?

Jane To get to the island.

Mr. Hunt Oh, you had your picnic on an island, did you?

Jane That's right. It was marvellous. The sun was hot and the water was warm. What a day!

Mr. Hunt It sounds like a good day. Did everyone else enjoy it, too?

Jane Oh yes. We'll probably never forget it.

 

Part 3

 

Sightseeing

 

Bob Where did you go yesterday?

Pat In the morning we went to the zoo.

Bob Where else did you go?

Pat After we'd been to the zoo, we went to a museum.

Bob What else did you see?

Pat Piccadilly Circus.

Bob Before you went on the river or after?

Pat After. But before we saw Piccadilly Circus we'd walked along Oxford Street.

When we'd spent all our money there, we went to see Piccadilly Circus.

 

Photos

 

Andrew I want to take a photo.

Pat You can't take photos in the museum.

Andrew Who can't?

Pat No one can. You've got to leave cameras at the main entrance.

Andrew Who? Everyone?

Pat Yes, everyone.

 

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