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Комментарий к двадцать второму уроку



Часть первая

1 Hearing about the weekend Как прошли выходные дни

to hear about букв, слушать о чем-то

2 We've been back at the hotel since about ten twenty (10.20). Мы вернулись в

гостиницу около двадцати минут одиннадцатого (букв. Мы находимся в

гостинице примерно с десяти двадцати.)

3 Mum and Dad'II probably be back by midnight. Мама и nana, возможно,

вернутся к полуночи.

4 They'd hoped to get back earlier but they missed the train. Они надеялись

вернуться раньше, но опоздали на поезд.

they'd hoped=they had hoped.

Вам встретилась новая форма времени прошедшее совершенное. Вы уже давно знаете настоящее совершенное время (см. прим. 4, урок 9).

Употребление прошедшего совершенного времени основано на идее предшествия одного действия в прошлом, выраженного формой этого времени (had hoped) другому действию в прошлом, выраженному простым прошедшим (missed). Оба действия (had hoped, missed) произошли в прошлом, но одно из них (had hoped)

предшествовало другому (missed).

5 They 'phoned us a little while ago. Они звонили нам некоторое время назад.

6 Mum was cross because the taxi driver had driven so slowly. Мама была

рассержена, потому что таксист вел машину очень медленно.

Еще один пример прошедшего совершенного времени: действие в прошлом had driven предшествовало по времени также свершившемуся в прошлом was cross.

7 The train had left when they arrived at the station. Поезд уже ушел, когда они прибыли на вокзал.

В английском предложении отсутствует эквивалент слову " уже", но форма времени had left подсказывает именно такой перевод.

8 If they'd arrived five minutes earlier, they would have caught It. Если бы они пришли на пять минут раньше, они бы на него успели. Случай употребления сослагательного наклонения в английском языке. Вам уже встречалось сослагательное наклонение, связанное с настоящим временем: If 1 were you I'd buy a new house. - Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы купил новый дом. (подразумевается: но я не на вашем месте - настоящий момент). Теперь вам встретилось сослагательное наклонение, связанное с прошедшим временем:

If they had arrived five minutes earlier they would have caught the train.

Если бы они приехали на пять минут раньше, они бы успели на поезд, (подразумевается: но они не успели момент в прошлом.)

9 They were both quite excited. Оба они были весьма возбуждены.

10 If they'd caught the train they would have been here by now. Если бы они успели на поезд, они бы уже были здесь.

11 We'll probably be awake for a long time. Мы, наверное, долго не будем ложиться спать.

awake - букв. бодрствующий, не спящий - употребляется только в сочетании с глаголом-связкой: to be awake - бодрствовать, не спать.

12 I hope I won't go to sleep before they come back. Надеюсь, что я не засну, пока они не вернутся.

 

Часть вторая

 

13 What did you do after you'd arrived at Mr. Tate's office? Что выделали после

того, как приехали в контору мистера Тейта.

after you'd arrived = after you had arrived

14 Did anyone else go with you? Кто-нибудь еще пошел с вами?

anyone else еще кто-нибудь

15 No, no one else went with us. Нет, больше никто не пошел.

If anyone else had gone with us, there would have been too many people.

Если бы кто-нибудь еще пошел с нами, было бы слишком много народу.

17 Jane's train ride Поездка Джейн на поезде

18 Did you have a good time? Вы хорошо провели время?

Обратите внимание на употребление артикля перед словосочетанием good time: a good time. Обычно абстрактное существительное time либо употребляется без артикля: time is money, время деньги, либо, в зависимости от контекста, с определенным артиклем: I'll never forget the time we spent together. - Я никогда не забуду время, которое мы провели вместе. Однако, если перед ним стоит определяющее его прилагательное, оно может употребляться с неопределенным артиклем: Did you have a good time?

Сравните ответ Джейн: Yes, we had a marvellous time. Да, мы замечательно провели время.

19 What did he do that for? Зачем он это сделал?

what for = why? - почему?

20 To remind us, I suppose. Чтобы напомнить нам, я полагаю.

21 Was the train journey all right? Поездка на поезде прошла благополучно?

22 I suppose so. По-моему, да. (букв. Я полагаю так)

23 Don't your eyes hurt when you read on a train? Утебя не болят глаза,

когда ты читаешь в поезде?

a my eyes hurt - у меня болят глаза

б on a train - в поезде

24 Не and Ian woke up early this morning. Он и Иan проснулись очень рано

сегодня утром.

to wake up - проснуться

to be awake - бодрствовать, не спать

Сравните следующие пары:

to wake up - проснуться

to go to sleep - заснуть

to be awake - бодрствовать

to sleep - спать

After they'd played cricket for a couple of hours, they went out in the

boat. После того, как они пару часов поиграли в крикет, они поехали кататься

на лодке.

а cricket крикет, очень популярная в Великобритании игра с мячом.

б couple of hours пара часов

26 His clothes were still wet when he came back. Когда он вернулся, его одежда была еще мокрая.

27 Is Mrs. Blake a good cook? Миссис Блейк хорошо готовит? (букв. Миссис Блейк хороший повар? )

After we'd been there for a couple of hours, we didn't feel like guests.

После того, как мы пробыли там пару часов, мы не чувствовали себя гостями.

to feel like guests чувствовать себя гостями

 

Exercise 1

 

Examples

He did not arrive late so she did not enjoy the film

She did not read the book so he did not miss the play

If he had arrived late, he would have missed the play.

If she had read the book, she would have enjoyed the film.

 

1 He did not arrive late so she did not come to London

2 She did not read the book so they did not buy one

3 They did not make a reservation so he did not fall into the water

4 I did not have your telephone number so he did not miss the play

5 We did not like Mr. and Mrs. Slade so there was not a table for them

6 Simon did not look at the engine so I did not have a sandwich

7 Sheila did not leave Geneva so I did not phone you

8 The Hunts did not want to buy a car so we were not late

9 We did not miss the train 10 I was not hungry so we did not invite them to dinner

10 I was not hungry so she did not enjoy the film

 

Exercise 2

 

Examples

Is it possible to buy sweets at Buckingham Palace?

No, you can't buy sweets at Buckingham Palace.

Is it possible to go to the top of the Post Office Tower?

Yes, you can go to the top of the Post Office Tower.

 

1 Is it possible to buy sweets at Buckingham Palace?

2 Is it possible to go to the top of the Post Office Tower?

3 Is it possible to have clothes washed at the hairdresser's?

4 Is it possible to put all your clothes in a handbag?

5 Is it possible to go by train from London to Bristol?

6 Is it possible to swim in a boat?

7 Is it possible to swim when the tide's in?

8 Is it possible to book seats at the theatre?

9 Is it possible to have clothes made at the launderette?

10Is it possible to get medicine at the newsagent's?

 

 

Exercise 3

 

Examples

We went to the cinema.

Then we went to a nightclub.

After.................................................

After we had been to the cinema, we went to a nightclub.

They had a cup of coffee.

Then they went upstairs.

.......................... before....................

They had had a cup of coffee before they went upstairs.

1 We went to the cinema.

Then we went to a nightclub.

After.............................................

2 They had a cup of coffee.

Then they went upstairs.
before..........

3 He read the newspapers.

Then he watched television.
after............

4 She left London.

Then she went to live in Scotland.
After.............................................

5 We looked at all the shops.

Then we did some sightseeing.

Before...........................................

6 I finished university.

Then I worked in an office for two years.
....................... after.....................

7 He packed his clothes.

Then he took his suitcases downstairs.
....................... before....................

8 They borrowed the money.

Then they went to Amsterdam.

After.............................................

9 I cooked the dinner.

Then I had a large whisky.

Before........................................

10 She invited us to dinner.

Then we remembered we couldn't go.
After.............................................

 

Exercise 4

 

Examples

It is eight o'clock and he is in a restaurant. having dinner/buying a suit/booking tickets

He is probably having dinner.

You are tired and you are going upstairs. packing your things/going to bed/ borrowing

Some money

You are probably going to bed.

 

1 It is eight o'clock and he is in a restaurant. having dinner/buying a

Suit/booking tickets

2 You are tired and you are going upstairs. packing your things/going to bed/

Borrowing some money

3 They are at the station and they have some luggage. having fun/driving to Scot

Land/catching the train

4 It is a lovely day and she is going to the beach. going to eat/going to swim/going

To study

5 He is going away tomorrow and he cannot sleep. excited/famous/old

6 She is old and she stays in bed every day. clean/private/tired

7 They are in the cafe. eating/sleeping/borrowing books

8 I feel tired and I have not eaten since breakfast. famous/hungry/late

9 There is the train. It stops at a lot of stations. a stopping train/an express tram/

Expensive

10 He is buying perfume. buying a present/feeling tired/

Looking for a book

Exercise 5

 

Examples

In the morning John and I went to the zoo.

Where else did you go?

Then they visited a museum.

What else did they visit?

 

1 In the morning John and I went to the zoo.

2 Then they visited a museum.

3 After lunch a guide showed them the colleges.

4 The children went to the park.

5 Mr. and Mrs. Hunt looked at the shops.

6 Mr. Hunt bought a camera.

7 Mrs. Hunt wanted a new skirt.

8 Sheila went to the newsagent's.

9 She had a coffee.

10 They went to the theatre in the evening.

 

BIG CITIES – LONELY PLACES

 

I had now been jobless for nearly eighteen months. I was hating these people who could deny1 me the right to earn my living. I was considered too well educated, too good for lowly jobs and too black for anything better.

Fortunately for me, every now and then, some person or persons would say or do something2 so unselfishor friendly that I would for a while forget my difficulties and hurts. It was from such an unexpected quarter that I received the helpful advice which changed the whole course of my life.

I had been sitting beside the lake in St Jame's Park, watching passers- by throwing bits of food to the ducks3. Near me was seated a thin old gentleman reading the Times, who occasionally commented on the colour or habits of the ducks. He sounded quite pleasant but I didn't feel like talking with anybody. He did not seem to mind my attitude, however he said to me:

" Been in England long, haven't you? "

I did not feel like conversation, especially on the subject of being in England.

" Big cities are lonely places and London is no exception." He wanted to talk: some old gentlemen are like that.

" It's no one's fault, really, " he continued; " a big city cannot afford to be distracted4 from the important job of being a big city by such an unimportant item as your happiness or mine."

I was suddenly interested. He knew I was with him5, listening and his grey eyes were kind. He continued:

" Those tall buildings there are monuments to the industry and effort which have made this a great city. You need to be a fighter to live in it, not exist, live. Anybody can exist, but living is different. It can be hard, but it can also be fun, there's so much going on all the time that's new and exciting.

If you were a Negro you'd find that even existing would provide more excitement than you care for."

He looked at me and suddenly laughed; a laugh gay and rich. " I wondered how long it would be before you talked to me, " he said. " Talking helps, you know; if you can talk with someone you are not lonely any more, don't you think so? "

As simple as that. Soon we were talking like old friends and I had told him everything.

" Teaching, " he said. " That's the thing. Why not get a job as a teacher? '" " I have had no training as a teacher."

" Oh, that's not absolutely necessary. Your degrees will be taken into account-instead, and I feel sure that with your experience and ability you could do well. They needteachers badly. I don't suppose Education Authorities6 can be bothered about the colour of people's skins. Anyway you needn't mention it in your letter of application." " I've tried that before. It didn't work."

" Try it again, you've nothing to lose. I know for a fact that there are many vacancies for teachers in the East End of London." " Why especially the East End of London? "

" Peopfe say it is rather a though area and most teachers prefer to look for jobs elsewhere."

" And you think it will be just right for a Negro, I suppose." " Now, just a moment, young man. Don't ever underrate7 the people of the East End; from those very slums come many professional and scien­tific men and quite a few of our politicians." I felt that I had angered him, and apologized. " Anyway, you try it. No need to mention your colour at this stage." It happened just as he predicted. I was invited to the Ministry of Education for an interview, and later a letter arrived informing me that I would be accepted subject to a satisfactory medicalexamination. After that was arranged I received a final letter confirming my appointment.

(After E. R. Braithwaite)

Notes:

1 to deny smb. smth. — отказывать кому-либо в чем-либо

2 Every now and then some person would say or do something — зд. would употребляется для обозначения повторяющегося или привычного действия в прошлом.

3 duck — утка

4 to distract — отвлекать

5 I was with him — ( followed him

6 Education Authorities — органы обраэова

7 to underrate — недооценивать

 

ЧЕТВЁРТЫЙ СЕМЕСТР

LESSON TWENTY THREE (23)

TWENTY THIRD (23d) LESSON

At the doctor

 

Part 1

 

Mrs. Hunt I'll have to take Simon to a doctor today. When he woke up this morning, he didn't feel well. At breakfast he complained about a headache. He'd taken some aspirin but that hadn't helped. After we'd had breakfast, I phoned my sister and she gave me her doctor's number. Then I rang the surgery.

After I'd explained the trouble to the receptionist, she gave us an early appointment so that I wouldn't waste the whole day. If we were at home, I wouldn't worry about him but I want to be careful here so that he won't spoil his holiday. If I told him to stay in bed, he'd probably be angry but if the doctor tells him to go to bed, he'll go.

Simon hates going to the doctor's. He's afraid of doctors. He hates taking medicine and he's afraid of injections.

 

Part 2

 

An accident

 

Receptionist Good morning. Have you got an appointment?

Mrs. Hunt Yes. I'm Mrs. Fenton's sister, Mrs. Hunt. And this is my son, Simon.

Receptionist Oh yes. You rang this morning. How are you feeling?

Simon Not very well.

Receptionist The doctor won't be able to see you yet. There's been an emergency that he's got to take care of first.

Simon Was there an accident?

Receptionist Yes, a little while ago a woman came into the surgery with a little boy. She'd put a towel round his head.

Simon Why had she done that?

Receptionist So that the bleeding would stop.

Simon What had happened?

Receptionist The child had fallen off his bicycle. When he fell, he hit his head against the edge of the pavement. He'd cut his face and head.

Simon Has he got to go to hospital?

Receptionist No. His mother thought he'd broken his arm or his leg but he hadn't.

 

A cold

 

Doctor I'm sorry you had to wait so long.

Simon That's all right. Was the boy hurt badly?

Doctor No. After I'd cleaned his head, he felt much better. So did his mother. The blood had frightened her.

Simon She probably thought it was much worse than it really was.

Doctor Yes, mothers are always worrying about their children. Now, what's the matter with you?

Simon I've got a sore throat and a headache.

Doctor Do you feel tired?

Simon Yes, my whole body feels weak. I really feel terrible.

Doctor I'm sorry to hear that. I'll have to examine you.

 

Injection

 

Doctor Open your mouth wide so that I can look at your throat. Yes, it's very red. It looks sore. I'll have to give you an injection.

Simon Can't you give me pills?

Doctor An injection is better than pills. If I gave you pills, you'd probably be ill for a few

days but if I give you an injection, you'll feel better tomorrow.

Simon Are you sure? I hate injections.

Doctor Yes, I'm sure. I advise you to have an injection. You won't get better quickly unless I give you one.

Simon Will I be able to go out tomorrow?

Doctor Probably, if you rest today.

Simon Good. I'll sleep today so that I'll be able to go out tomorrow.

 

Advice

Doctor Simon's caught a cold. His throat's very red and he's got a temperature.

Simon I'll be better soon.

Mrs. Hunt Will he?

Doctor Yes. I've given him an injection.

Mrs. Hunt What's your advice, doctor?

Doctor My advice is that he gets plenty of sleep. If he goes out, he'll probably catch ‘flu.

Mrs. Hunt Yes, and if he caught ‘flu, it would ruin his holiday.

Doctor Yes, he won't enjoy his holiday unless he's feeling well. He ought to get plenty of sleep today so that he won't get tired again. Oh, I almost forgot. Here's a prescription for some medicine. Take it every two hours, Simon, so that you won't cough.

If I had a lot of money

George If I had a lot of money, I'd buy an island.

Graham But you haven't got a lot of money. George I know. But if I had a lot of money, I'd buy an island.

Graham If you bought an island, what would you do?

George If I bought an island, I'd live on it.

Graham If you lived on an island, you might be ill.

George Of course, I wouldn't live there unless I had three wives.

Graham If you had three wives, what would they do?

George One would clean, one would cook and the other would take care of me.

Graham I'm sorry you haven't got a lot of money.

 

Not to work tomorrow

 

Alan I'm going for a swim in the lake.

Joyce Why?

Alan So that I'll catch a cold.

Joyce If you catch a cold, you'll have to stay in bed.

Alan I suppose I will.

Joyce Why do you want to catch a cold?

Alan So that I won't have to go to work tomorrow.

 


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