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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Тема практического занятия 7,8: Philosophy of law
Задания: Note the meaning of the word “law”. Translate the expressions: legal (a) – правовой, законный, юридический substantial (a) – существенный, важный provide (v) – давать, обеспечивать rival (a) – соперничающий assert (v) – утверждать immanent (a) – постоянный enact (v) – постановлять, принимать correspond (v) – соответствовать summarize (v) – резюмировать, подводить итог unjust (a) – несправедливый notion (n) – понятие, мнение, представление sovereign (n) – монарх, правитель back (v) – поддерживать threat (n) – угроза set forth (v) – излагать, формулировать statute (n) – статут, писанный закон profound (a) – глубокий influence (n) - влияние influential (a) – влиятельный Anglophone (a) – англоязычный argue (v) – утверждать, доказывать Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy and jurisprudence which studies basic questions about law and legal systems, such as “what is the law? ”, “what is the relationship between law and morality? ” and many other similar questions. The question “What is law? ” has received the most substantial attention from philosophers of law. Three schools of thought have provided rival answers to this question. Natural theory asserts that there are laws that are immanent in nature, to which enacted laws should correspond as closely as possible. This view is frequently summarized by the maxim: an unjust law is not a true law, in which “unjust” is defined as contrary to natural law. Legal positivism is the view that the law is defined by the social rules or practices that identify certain norms as laws. Historically, the most important part of this theory was developed by Jeremy Bentham, whose views were popularized by his student, John Austin. Austin’s version of legal positivism was based on the notion that the law is the command of the sovereign backed by the threat of punishment. Legal realism is the view that the law should be understood as it is practiced in the courts, law offices, and police stations, rather than as it is set forth in statutes. In the 20th century, two great legal positivists had a profound influence on the philosophy of law. On the continent, Hans Kelsen was the most influential theorist, and his legal views are still influential. In the Anglophone world, the most influential figure was Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence at Oxford University, who is considered one of the most important legal philosophers. Hart’s most famous work is TheConcept of Law first published in 1961. He argued that the law should be understood as a system of social rules. Hart’s theory, although widely admired, was criticized by a variety of late 20th century philosophers of law (R.Dworkin, J.Finnis, J.Raz) Тема СРСП 7, 8: Philosophy of law Задания: Agree or disagree with the following statements. Make the false statements true. 1) The text is about philosophers of law. 2) Philosophy of law studies particular differences of legal systems. 3) There are three schools of thought providing identical answers to the question “What is law? ” 4) Natural theory asserts that enacted laws should closely correspond laws of nature. 5) The most important part of positivist theory was developed by J.Austin. 6) In the 20th century legal realism had a great influence on the philosophy of law. 7) The legal views of H.L.A.Hart are still influential. Форма отчетности: письменно Задания на СРС 7, 8: Complete the sentences using the text. 1. Philosophy of law combines two sciences: _______ and _______. Philosophy of law studies ________. 2. The question “What is law? ” has received _________. 3. There are three main theories that provide answers to this question. They are: _________. 4. Natural theory of law is often summarized in the following maxim: ___________ 5. The theory of legal positivism was developed by _________. 6. Understanding the law as real practice in courts, law offices and police stations is the view of _________. 7. The most influential theorists of law in the 20th century were_________. Форма отчетности: письменно Основная литература:
Неделя 5. Тема практического занятия 9, 10: Aims of law Задания: Read the text, be sure that you know all the words and expressions, be ready to discuss it. Be concerned with (v) – иметь отношение к чему-либо enable (v) – давать право, возможность flourish (v) – процветать framework (n) – структура, рамки, пределы disobey (v) – не подчиняться forbid (v) - запрещать require (v) – требовать provide (v) – обеспечивать facilities (n) - возможности arrangement (n) – соглашение settle (v) – решать restriction (n) – ограничение As it is known, law has several aims which are mainly concerned with making society more stable. Laws enable people to flourish and feel secure in their lives. To achieve this purpose it is necessary to set up an official framework of compulsion. So the first aim of law is to forbid certain ways of behaving, like murder, terrorism, or smoking in public places, and to require other ways of conduct, like paying income tax. If people disobey the rules the law may threaten them with something unpleasant - often called a sanction - like being imprisoned or having to pay compensation. This aim serves to the idea that within this framework of do ’s and don’ts people can live more securely. The second aim of law is to provide facilities for people to make their own arrangements. Laws should guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, form companies, sign contracts, take employment, and so on that the state will protect or enforce these arrangements. The third aim of law is to settle disputes among citizens about what the law is and whether or not it was broken. If we take these three aims together, we may see that law not only threatens those who break it (that means they do what the law forbids) but promises to protect people’s interests. The law imposes restrictions on people but also gives them certain guarantees. Тема СРСП 9, 10: Задания: Find in the text the equivalents for the following expressions: - давать возможность процветать - установить рамки - определенный образ поведения - платить налоги - не подчиняться правилам - в рамках «можно и нельзя» - наниматься на работу - обеспечивать соблюдение соглашений - разрешать спорные вопросы - налагать ограничения - давать гарантии Форма отчетности: письменно Задания на СРС 9, 10: Note the meaning of the word “PROVIDE”. Make the translation. 1) to provide smth. for (to) smb.; to provide smb. with smth. cнабжать, обеспечивать, предоставлять, давать The hotel provides a playroom for children. The lecture provided him with an opportunity to meet one of his heroes. We provide legal advice to our clients. 2) to provide for smth.(smb.) обеспечивать (средствами), предусматривать, обуславливать She has always provided for her children. The budget provides for a salary increase after one year. 3) provided (that) если, при условии, что… You can go out provided that you finish your work first. This dog will never bite you provided you let it alone. 4) to provide against smth. принять меры против чего-либо, запрещать This contract provides against the resale of the house. Форма отчетности: письменно Основная литература
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