Exercise 4. Read the dialogues, then compose your own.

How to Lose Weight

Jane: Where are you going?

Lucy: I’m going to the Weight Losers club now.

Jane: What are you doing there?

Lucy: I’m trying to lose weight.

Jane: But you are not fat!

Lucy: I have already lost two kilos and I’m very pleased with myself.

Jane: How did you do it?

Lucy: I try to eat the right food.

Jane: What does it mean?

Lucy: I stopped eating cakes, pies and ice cream.

Jane: What are you allowed to eat?

Lucy: A lot of vegetables and fruit, a little boiled meat or fish, no fried potatoes, no chocolate and very little salt.

Caffeine Is Harmful for the Heart

Olga: My mother-in-law drinks such strong tea.

Nina: Why shouldn’t she?

Olga: Because she has heart problems. Caffeine is not recommended for people with heart problems.

Nina: Does tea contain much caffeine?

Olga: Yes, it does. A cup of strong tea contains more than 100 mg of caffeine.

Nina: I think that it is healthier for everybody to drink juices.

 

In a Restaurant

Alex: What will you have?

Joan: I’m on a diet.

Alex: Come on! I’ll pay.

Joan: What did you say?

Alex: Don’t be shy, I’ll pay.

Joan: Thanks! Great. Then I’ll have dry wine, a steak, fried potatoes, grapes, ice cream and a cake.

Alex: Okay. Waiter!

 

Exercise 5. Discuss the main sense of the text.

How much sugar do we eat?

Sugar is found in many different products such as soup, cereals, salad dressing, ketchup, peanut butter and baby food. You will not always see the word “sugar” when you read food labels. You might see the names sucrose, maltose (солодовый сахар), fructose or corn syrup instead. All of these add up to the same ingredient - sugar!

Sugar gives you quick energy. However, this energy lasts only a short time. Soon you begin to feel tired and sluggish (вялый, медлительный). The next time you want sugar, take a piece of fruit instead. You’ll get the energy you need without any letdown (слабость, вялость) afterwards.

Next material helps you discuss the main sense of the text

· questions: What can replace the sugar? Why is it better to take fruit instead of sugar? What sugar replacement will you choose?

· complete the sentences: The energy you get from sugar lasts … Another word for sugar is… A healthful substitute for sugar is…

Exercise 6. Do you know how to stay healthy?

Anyone who wants to have an active life must stay healthy and strong. It is never too late to start being healthy. There are a few things you should do to stay healthy:

1. Follow a healthy balanced diet.

2. Limit the amount of sugar, salt and fat you eat.

3. Get sufficient exercise to keep a strong body that works well.

4. Get enough rest so that the body may continue doing its work well.

5. Plan regular visits to your doctor and dentist.

There are certain things that are not good for your health:

1. a poor diet,

2. no exercises,

3. little rest,

4. no visits to your doctor and dentist,

5. smoking,

6. using drugs improperly,

7. drinking alcohol.

Here are some dietary guidelines:

1. Eat a variety of foods.

2. Maintain healthy weight.

3. Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol.

4. Choose a diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits and grain products.

5. Use sugars only in moderation.

6. Use salt and sodium only in moderation.

7. If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation.

Exercise 7**. What do they do good or not good for their health?

1. Alex jogs or swims every day for at least half an hour.

2. Ann is usually rushed at lunch, so she just eats a candy bar and drinks a soft drink.

3. Julia works at night. She often gets only five hours of sleep a day.

4. Mike doesn’t like to cook. He often drinks beer when he is hungry.

 

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Переведите, проанализируйте употребление модальных глаголов.

1. Who is to answer my question?

2. Nobody could translate this text.

3. Must I attend this meeting? — No, you needn’t.

4. You should have shown your notes to the teacher.

5. I asked him, but he wouldn’t listen to me.

6. You should not have used that sort of meat for this dish.

7. Last summer we would often go to the country.

8. Your son could do this work himself.

9. Would you tell me the way to the station?

10. Your friend might have informed us.

11. May I leave for a while? — Yes, you may.

12. She should be more attentive to her parents.

13. You needn’t come so early.

14. We have to stay at home because the weather is too bad.

15. He was allowed to take this book.

16. Who is able to do this work?

17. The train is to come soon.

Exercise 2. Завершите диалоги. Дайте утвердительный или отрицательный ответ.

Образец: — Can you help те? — Yes, I can./No, / can’t.

1. May I take that chair? —...

2. Can I have a dinner here? —...

3. Can you bring me a drink? —...

4. May I have the menu card? —...

5. Shall I bring you the dessert right now? —...

 

Exercise 3. Переведите предложения. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами must, should, would, ought to, needn’t, can, could, may.

1....you tell me the time?

2. They... not do this work themselves. They needed help.

3.... I go with you? No, you....

4. Payment... be made by check.

5. This work... be done today.

6.... I have the menu card?

7. He... to help them. They need his help.

8. You don’t look well, you... consult the doctor.

9. Why... I give you my money?

10. You... work hard at your English.

11. She... get up early tomorrow. She doesn’t work on Sundays.

12.... I speak to the headwaiter? Certainly, you....

13. You... serve the customers quickly.

14. She... not speak any foreign language. She speaks Russian only.

15. We... go to the restaurant so early because dinner begins at one o’clock.

 

Exercise 4. Замените модальные глаголы соответствующими эквивалентами.

1. We must meet at 7 o’clock as we planned before.

2. That waiter cannot speak English.

3. Mary can cook well.

4. You must come in time.

5. We must receive and serve our guests very well.

6. You must not smoke here.

7. Must they come early every day?

8. Must I serve the dinner for you now?

9. He couldn't explain anything.

10. Can you swim?

11. You may take these books.

12. The train must arrive at 10 according to the time-table.

Exercise 5. Переведите предложения па английский язык, используя модальные глаголы или их заменители.

· Вчера мне пришлось обслужить все эти столики.

· Можно мне курить здесь? — Нет, нельзя.

· Вам следует помочь вашему другу. Он не может делать работу сам.

· Вам пришлось остаться дома, потому что была плохая погода?

· Вам следовало бы заказать это блюдо.

· Я рад, что мне не пришлось заканчивать эту работу вчера.

· Я не люблю рано вставать, но иногда мне приходится.

· Ты должен накрыть стол для шести гостей.

· Вам не нужно ждать заказа. Вы можете взять любое блюдо, какое хотите.

· Я не мог пойти домой, я должен был вымыть посуду.

 

Comprehensive Reading

Text A. Vegetarianism

Some people eat no meat. A meatless diet is growing more and more popular. Researchers discover the health benefits of meat-free eating.

What is a vegetarian? By definition, vegetarianism prohibits the consumption of meat or fish, but some diets are more restrictive than other.

Demi- or semi-vegetarians eat fish and sometimes chicken, but not red meat.

Ovo-lacto-vegetarians include milk and eggs in their diet but not meat or fish.

Lacto-vegetarians have milk and yogurt, as well as cheese made with vegetarian rennet, but no meat, fish or eggs.

Vegans do not eat any animal products at all, banning meat, fish, milk and eggs from their diets.

Fruitarians exclude pulses and cereals from the diet as well as allfoods of animal origin. Fruitarians eat only fruit, honey, nuts and nut oils

Macrobiotic followers have a diet consisting of ten different levels which become progressively more restrictive. At first, animal foods are excluded, then fruit and vegetables as well. At the final “purist” level only brown rice is eaten.

The Health Benefits. On the whole, vegetarians follow current healthy eating guidelines. Because they don’t eat meat, a prime source of saturated fat, vegetarians take in less total fat, as well as more fibre, in the form of fresh fruits, vegetables and wholegrain cereals. These foods are also good sources of beta carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E, which are antioxidant nutrients and may protect the body from disease.

A research team at Oxford University has collected information on the health and mortality of more than 6, 000 vegetarians and a control group of more than 5, 000 meat-eating individuals. The study revealed significant differences between the two groups. For example, in contrast to meat-eaters, vegetarians have a 39 percent lower risk of dying from cancer. The study’s research team also found that the risk of heart disease was 24 per cent lower in vegetarians and 57 per cent lower in vegans than in regular meat-eaters.

 

Task One. Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим английским словосочетаниям и выражениям: a meatless diet, health benefits, meat-free eating, by definition, consumption of meat or fish, ovo-lacto-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians, exclude pulses and cereals, healthy eating guidelines, wholegrain cereals, good sources of beta carotene, antioxidant nutrients, the risk of heart disease, regular meat-eaters.

⇐ Предыдущая1234567Следующая ⇒

Поделиться: