Hi More about Direct and Reported Speech

6. Rewrite the reported conversation below in Direct Speech using the exact
words of each speaker.

Mary confessed to George that she loved him very much. George said that he knew it, but he wondered why her father was so obdurate. Mary replied that art was folly to her father as he only understood groceries, but he always meant well. She said that her father was worried about her future. He had ne­ver had any problems with money in his life and he was afraid that George would starve her to death. George exclaimed that it would never happen and promised to do his best to earn money.

Mary admired his new statue of America and admitted that he was a di­vinely-gifted artist. George was very pleased to hear that but said he would prefer to be a money-making grocer instead of being a poor artist.

Mary advised him not to give up hope. She suggested showing his new sculpture to a famous art critic. She said that she had met the critic at a party a few days before and she was impressed by his intelligence. She added that the critic had offered his help. Suddenly George became very jealous and said that he would never accept any help from anybody. He asked Mary if her father knew about her conversation with the critic.

Mary denied saying even a word about it to her father. She burst into tears and George apologized for being so stupid.

7. Now report Chapter II of the story. You can use the following construc­
tions: 'promise to do something', 'threaten to do something', 'suggest
that someone should do something'.

Unit six

! k 8. Make sentences beginning with 'Having...'.

Example: John finished his job. Then he returned with a car. Having finished his job, John returned with a car.

1. After he finished his work he went home.

2. They had spent all their money. They couldn't afford to go to restau­
rants.

3. We bought the tickets. Then we went to see the exhibition.

4. John smashed the statue. Then he departed.

5. After Mary had cleaned her flat, she went shopping.

6. I had already seen the film twice, so I refused to go to the cinema with
my friends.

7. They signed the contract. Then they congratulated everybody on their
success.

8. Mark Twain had worked for several newspapers and magazines and
travelled with his lectures all over America. Soon he became very
popular with the public.

Phrasal verbs with 'come'

come across - find by accident (натолкнуться, найти случайно) come down - be reduced in price (снижаться (о ценах))

syn. go down, ant. go up

come up with - produce, suggest (выступить с идеей) come round - visit (навестить, заглянуть)

9. Translate the following into Russian.

1. I came across this old photo in my Mum's diary.

2. I'd be happy if you came round to have a cup of tea with us.

3. People hope that the price of petrol will come down some day.

4. Listen to Mike carefully. He always comes up with something very
interesting.

0. Translate the following into English using the phrasal verbs with 'come'.

1. Разве они не обещали заглянуть к нам сегодня вечером?

2. Когда я просматривал старые газеты, я случайно нашел полезную
информацию, которую я решил использовать в своем докладе.

3. Один из партнеров выступил с идеей создания совместного пред­
приятия.

4. Похоже, что цены всегда растут и никогда не снижаются.

Parti

ШШ Articles with names

1 1. Fill in the table with your own examples. Look up your pronouncing dic­tionary to make sure you pronounce the names correctly.

 

THE
	Examples	Your own examples
Hotels / restaurants	the Hilton
Museums / galleries	the British Museum
Buildings	the White House
Newspapers	the Financial Times
Organizations	the BBC

12. Put in the correct article a /an or the. Ask each other questions on the text.

Mark Twain*

Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, was born in Florida, Missouri, on November 30, 1835, ... sixth child of John and Jane Clemens. Se-veral years later, in 1839, ... family moved to nearby Hannibal, where... Cle-menses spent quite... long time.

During his youth, Samuel Clemens had... strong tie to... Mississippi River, along which his town was located. Steamboats landed at... prosperous town three times... day, and Samuel's boyhood dream was to become... steamboat pilot on... river.

he was still... schoolboy. In 1848, for... businessman, who published... Clemens left Hannibal in 1853, at New York City and Philadelphia over..

His newspaper career began while. year after his father's death, he worked.. Missouri Courier.

.. age of 18, and worked as... printer in next year.

At 22, Clemens returned to... town of Missouri. On his voyage to New Orleans down... Mississippi, he decided to start... career of... steamboat pilot; it was... richly rewarding profession at that time. He received his steamboat

* http: //www.wikipedia.org/

Unit six

pilot license in 1859. With the start of... Civil War, in April 1861, river traffic on... Mississippi was suspended, and Clemens' steamboat pilot career came to... end.

By that time he had already had several of his stories published and decided to take... pen name. Since that time he has been known to... whole world as Mark Twain. Written with small letters these words roughly mean: 'Look out! ... river is only two feet deep here.' It's... warning to other pilots to be careful of sandbanks (мели).

Mark Twain's most famous novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (published in 1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (published in 1885) were based on... experiences of his youth in Hannibal.

Having worked for several newspapers and magazines in America and travelled with his lectures all over... country, Mark Twain became very popular with... public. In 1905 he was invited to... White House to have dinner with Theodore Roosevelt, President of... USA at that time. In 1907 he received... honorary degree from Oxford University.

In November 1835, at... time of Samuel Clemens' birth, Halley's comet could be seen in... night sky. Strikingly, ... comet's next appearance came during April 1910, ... year of his death. Throughout his life, Mark Twain said that he would " go out with... comet, " knowing that... interval between Halley's comet's appearances was 75 years. His prediction was amazingly accurate.

PART 2

Read the text and make sure that you understand it. The list of new words on p. 154 will help you.

THE CAPITOLINE VENUS

(the beginning is on p. 139)

CHAPTER V (Scene - A Roman Cafe)

One of a group of American gentlemen reads and translates from the weekly edition of an Italian newspaper for foreigners as follows:

" WONDERFUL DISCOVERY! - Some six months ago Signor John Smitthe, an American gentleman now some years a resident of Rome, purchased for a trifle a small piece of ground in the Campagna from the owner, a bankrupt rela­tive of the Princess Borghese. Mr Smitthe afterwards had the piece of ground transferred to a poor American artist named George Arnold, explaining that

Part 2

he did it as payment and satisfaction for damage accidentally done by him long ago upon some property belonging to Signor Arnold, and further observed that as additional satisfaction he would improve the ground for Signor A., at his own expense. Four weeks ago, while making some necessary excavations, Signor Smitthe unearthed the most remarkable ancient statue that has ever been add­ed to the art treasures of Rome. It was an exquisite figure of a woman, and though sadly stained by the soil and the mould of ages, no eye can look un­moved upon its ravishing beauty. The nose, the left leg from the knee down, an ear, and also the toes of the right foot and two fingers of one of the hands were gone, but otherwise the noble figure was in a remarkable state of preservation. The government appointed a commission of art critics, antiquaries and cardi­nals to assess its value and determine the remuneration that must go to the owner of the ground in which it was found. The whole affair was kept a profound secret until last night, when they decided unanimously that the statue was a Venus, and the work of some unknown but sublimely gifted artists of the third century before Christ. They consider it the most faultless work of art the world has any knowledge of.

At midnight they held a final conference and decided that the Venus was worth ten million francs! In accordance with Roman law the government, be­ing half owner of all works of art found in Italy, the State can do nothing but pay five million francs to Mr Arnold and take permanent possession of the beautiful statue. This morning the Venus will be removed to the Capitol, there to remain, and at noon the commission will hand Signor Arnold five million francs in gold due to him."

Chorus of Voices: " Luck! Incredible! "

Another Voice: " Gentlemen, I propose that we immediately form an Ameri­can joint-stock company for the purchase of lands and excavations of statues here, with proper connections in Wall Street."

All: " Agreed."

CHAPTER VI (Scene - The Roman Capitol Ten Years Later)

" Dearest Mary, this is the most celebrated statue in the world. It is the Ca-pitoline Venus you've heard so much about. How strange it seems - this place! The day I last stood here ten happy years ago, I wasn't a rich man. I didn't have a cent. And yet I had a good deal to do with making Rome the owner of this grand­est work of ancient art the world contains."

" And oh, Georgy, how divinely beautiful she is! "

" Ah, yes - but nothing to what she used to be before that blessed John Smith broke her leg and battered her nose. Ingenious Smith - gifted Smith - noble Smith! Author of all our bliss! Listen! Do you know what that cough means? Mary, little Johnny is coughing! Will you never learn to take care of the children?! "

Unit six

THE END

The Capitoline Venus is still in the Capitol of Rome and is still the most charming and most illustrious work of ancient art the world can boast of. But if you ever happen to stand before it and go into the usual ecstasies over it, don't permit this true and secret story of its origin to mar your bliss.

Names

Campagna [ksem'painja]

Princess Borghese [, prm'ses bor'geze]

Signor ['si: njo: ]

New Words

as follows следующее

resident f'rezidant] n житель

purchase ['p3: tfss] у покупать, п покупка

trifle [traifl] n мелочь, пустяк

transfer [traens'f3: ] v передавать

observe [gb'z3: v] v заметить, отметить, сказать

treasure ['tre33] n сокровище

exquisite [iks'kwizit] ad/изысканный, совершенный

soil [soil] n земля, почва

mould [msuld] n плесень

ravishing ['rsevijin] adj восхитительный

antiquary faentikwan] n антиквар

assess [a'ses] v оценивать

remuneration [п.ггушпэ'гаГэп] п вознаграждение, оплата, компенсация

profound [prs'faund] ad/абсолютный, полный

unanimously [jui'nsenimssli] adv единогласно

sublimely [sg'blaimli] adv безупречно, безукоризненно

in accordance with в соответствии

blessed [blest] adj достойный преклонения, святой

ingenious [m'cbbnias] adj изобретательный, искусный

bliss n блаженство, счастье

cough [kDf] n кашель

to cough v кашлять

illustrious [I'Ustriss] adj знаменитый, известный, прославленный boast [bsust] 1/хвастать(ся), гордиться mar [ma: ] (/испортить, омрачить

Part 2

Questions for discussion.

1. How many of the American gentlemen in the cafe were able to read the
newspaper article?

2. Who, do you think, gave the information to the journalists?

3. Was the journalist American, British, Russian or Italian?

4. How do you understand the words: "... for damage accidentally done
by him long ago upon some property belonging to Signor Arnold...
and... that as additional satisfaction he would improve the ground for
Signor A., at his own expense? "

5. Was the commission appointed by the Italian government to examine
the statue sufficiently knowledgeable to do the job? Give your opinion
and your reasons.

6. Do you think Mary understood every word her husband said about the
statue and his friend John?

7. The story is written in the form of a play, isn't it? How many characters
are there in this play? Can you describe them?

8. What is the difference between humour and satire? In your opinion, is
The Capitoline Venus a humourous story or a satire?

9. Do you agree that the story illustrates the famous saying " The end
justifies the means"? Give your reasons.

EXERCISES

!. Find English equivalents in the text for the following (you may think of better Russian translations).

1....а затем передал этот участок земли бедному американскому
художнику по имени Джордж Арнольд, объяснив свой дар тем,
что это является возмещением ущерба, давным-давно случай­
но нанесенного им собственности, принадлежащей синьору Ар­
нольду...

2. Это была изумительной красоты фигура женщины, и, хотя земля и
плесень веков оставили на ней свои печальные следы, глаз нельзя
оторвать от ее восхитительной красоты.

3....но в остальном благородная статуя прекрасно сохранилась.

4. Все это дело хранилось в строжайшей тайне до вчерашнего вече­
ра, когда они пришли к единогласному мнению...

5. В соответствии с законами Рима, правительство является вла­
дельцем половины стоимости всех произведений искусства, най­
денных в Италии, и поэтому государству ничего не остается сде­
лать, кроме как заплатить...

Unit six

6. Сегодня утром Венера будет перемещена в Капитолийский музей,
с тем чтобы остаться там навсегда, а в полдень синьору Арнольду
будут переданы причитающиеся ему пять миллионов франков зо­
лотом.

7....я предлагаю немедленно организовать совместное предприятие
для покупки земель и добычи статуй здесь (в Италии) с соответ­
ствующими деловыми связями на Уолл-стрит.

8. Но все же я сделал немало для того, чтобы Рим стал владельцем
самого величайшего произведения древнего искусства в мире.

9. Но если вам когда-нибудь придется стоять перед ней и безумно
восхищаться ею, как делали, делают и будут делать все вокруг, не
позволяйте этой тайной, но правдивой истории ее происхожде­
ния омрачить ваш восторг.

VOCABULARY

2. Read and translate these sentences into Russian so as to have a better idea of how these words can be used.

purchase v, n

1. The museum is trying to raise money to purchase (= buy) a painting by
Van Gogh.

2. Except under clearly defined circumstances it is illegal in Britain for a
company to purchase its own shares.

3. A house is the most expensive purchase that most people ever make.

trifle n, v

1. I wonder why you get upset by every trifle.

2. It's a trifle difficult, but I'll try to find out all about it as soon as
possible.

3. (at table): Could I have a trifle (a bit / a little) less?

4. £ 100 is a mere trifle for him.

5. I don't advise you to trifle with his feelings, dear! He's not a man to be
trifled with.

transfer ['traensf3: ] n, transfer [trasns'fs: ] v

1. He transferred some of his money to his wife's account.

2. We can transfer the class to Tuesday if you don't mind.

3. I hear you're transferring to another team. Your transfer to a club abroad
will, no doubt, be a shock to your British fans.

4. The office will be transferred to another building.

5. New technology will speed up the transfer of information.

Part 2

observe v, observation n, observer n, observatory n

1. The verb to observe has the following meanings:

a) to watch (esp. scientifically)

b) to notice

c) to say / remark

d) to keep (rules, customs, traditions, silence).

 

2. The role of scientists is to observe the world, not to try to control it.

3. He spent a year in Africa, observing the behaviour of animals in different
situations.

4. The suspect was observed leaving the house.

5. The conference was attended by 200 delegates and by political
observers from 30 countries.

6. " I've always found the old man's advice extremely useful, " he
observed.

7. We all agree that law and order must be observed, don't we?

8. The book is full of interesting observations on the nature of musical
composition.

9. May I make an observation (= remark)?

10. When you are in London, don't fail to visit the Greenwich Observatory!

treasure n, v

1. While making the excavations they found treasure beyond their wildest
dreams.

2. You must all have read Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson.

3. The museum houses some of the most priceless art treasures in the
world.

4. Thank you for this gift. I'll treasure it.

5. A treasure trove is money, gold or other valuable objects found hidden
usually in the ground and whose owner is unknown.

exquisite adj

1. The room we found ourselves was furnished in exquisite taste. 2.1 admire her exquisite manners.

3. The surgeon worked with exquisite care.

4. Among the museum's latest acquisitions there were some exquisite
ancient vases.

ravishing adj

1. Mary was a ravishing sight in her wedding dress.

2. She was considered a ravishing beauty by her contemporaries.

3. They make absolutely ravishing dishes at that restaurant.

Unit six

assess v, assessment n

syn. evaluate v, evaluation n

1. To assess' means 'to judge or decide' the amount, value, quality or
importance of something.

2. His property was assessed at £ 100.000.

3. They managed to assess the situation, and acted accordingly.

4. It's too easy to assess the long-term consequences of the latest
events.

5. Whose fault is it that the assessments of possible production costs
were hopelessly inaccurate?

6. The insurers will have to assess the damage caused by the fire.

7. The flood damage was assessed at $300, 000.

8. Examinations are not the only means to assess someone's ability.

profound adj

1.1 was amazed at his profound knowledge of Russian history.

2. When the rescuers had found the mountain climbers some of them
were in a state of profound shock.

3. Global warming has a profound impact on the world's climate.

Don't mix up!

in accordance with - в (точном ) соответствии с (условиями, зако­ном и т. д.) according to как сказано, как указано...

Compare

1. We do our business in full accordance with the legislation of this ^:
country.

2. (from a business letter) In accordance with the contract you are
(supposed) to remunerate the experts at your expense.

3. According to the map, the place we are looking for is two kilometers
away from here.

4. According to the weather forecast it will be dry and sunny all week.

boast v, n, boastful adj

1. He boasts of being the best tennis player in his college. (= He boasts
that he is...)

2. " How are you getting on? " " There is nothing to boast of (about), I'm
afraid."

3. The old man often boasts to his neighbours about (of) the successes
of his grandchildren.

4. He's very boastful, isn't he?

Part 2

GRAMMAR

Remember!

 

They could do nothing	but	give	in.	- Им	ничего не оставалось, как
уступить.
They had nothing to do	and	went	to	a pub	. - Им было нечего делать,
и они пошли в паб.

Make sentences by choosing from A and В and translate them into Rus­sian.

I could do nothing

I had nothing to do

The children have nothing to do

They can do nothing

в

and felt bored.

but agree to their conditions.

but apologize.

and behave badly.

4. Translate the following into English.

1. Ему ничего не оставалось делать, как только подчиниться правилам.

2. Детям было нечем заняться, и они вели себя ужасно.

3. Детям ничего не оставалось делать, кроме как обещать вести себя
хорошо.

4. Мне ничего не оставалось, кроме как извиниться за мое вторжение.

5. Он сказал, что ему здесь нечего делать и он собирается уходить.

6. Мне ничего не остается делать, кроме как признать, что это была
моя вина.

Adjectives (word order)

 

Your own opinion	Size/ weight	Age	Shape	Colour	Country of origin	Material	NOUN
beautiful		ancient			Greek	marble	statue
	big		round	green		glass	vase

This table might look really frightening if it were supposed to be learnt by heart. It is a useful reference table showing how close an adjective should be to the noun it describes.

If you use it this way, you will find that it is actually merciful. It needn't to be learnt by heart for two reasons:

1) A good speaker will never use more than two or three adjectives before the noun he describes.

Unit six

2) The position of an adjective as an attribute (определение) in an English sentence is in most cases similar to what we can see in a corresponding Russian sentence:

a beautiful ancient Greek sculpture - прекрасная древнегреческая скульптура.

5. Use the table to put the adjectives in the correct order.

1. A(n) ancient / charming / work of art

2. A(n) old / obdurate / man

3. A(n) French / young / gifted artist

4. A(n) bronze / enormous / ugly monument

5. A(n) round / wooden / brand-new table

6. A(n) silk / snow-white / pretty dress

7. A(n) Japanese / black / small watch

8. A(n) light-blue / china / exquisite tea set

6. Which adjectives would you use to describe these things?

7. You've been to an antique shop recently. Write a letter to your friend,
describing some of the things you saw there (vases, desks, pictures, etc).

8. Read the dialogues. Who are А, В, С and D? Where are they? Make simi­
lar dialogues of your own.

A. Excuse me, sir! How do we get to the British museum from here?

B. You can take a bus. The bus stop is over there across the road. The Brit­
ish Museum is three stops from here.

Part 2

С. I think we can take a walk. The weather is divine today, isn't it! Is it a long

walk? B. No, no, ladies, not at all! Just follow the bus. It's about fifteen minutes'

walk from here. A. Thank you!

C. We'd like to have two tickets, please.

D. You don't need any tickets, ladies. The museum is free. But your do­
nations are most welcome! Here's the map of the museum with colour
plans and visitor information. You can find any information you need in
it. It's two pounds, please.

C. Here you are.

D. I suggest you leave your bags in the cloakroom.
A. OK, we will. Thank you.

A. What do you think we should start our tour with?

C. I know the British Museum has one of the greatest ancient Egypt's col­lections in the world. Let's see Egyptian sculpture and mummies first. They must be on the main floor. Then we can go and see Greek and Ro­man art. I love ancient Greek vases!

A. Would you like to see their famous collection of coins? Just listen to what the map says: " The magnificent collection of over 750, 000 coins covers the history of coinage from its origins to the present day."

C. You are not going to see all 750, 000 coins, are you? We can't spend the whole day here. We can come again some other time, OK?

A. OK. But first, let me pop into the museum shop!

С Oh, no!!!!

Ш Revision of Phrasal verbs 9. Complete the sentences by choosing the words from the box.

of, up, out, on, over, round, off, in, down, with, for, across

1. Where did you come... this information?

2.1 wonder how many times you have already tried to give... smoking?

3. It turned... to be a difficult job.

4. Prices hardly ever come... they always seem to go....

5. Don't forget to put... your hat. It's cold outside.

6. Nobody believed his story. It was obvious that he had made it....

Unit six

7. When his father had died he took... the company.

8.1 wonder why he has turned... their offer.

9. This table takes... too much space. We need something smaller.

10. She said that she could no longer put....... his rudeness.

11. When will you come...? We are always so happy to see you at our
place.

12. Don't put... till tomorrow what you can do today.

13. He used to be a famous athlete but doesn't go....... any competitions

now.

10. Here are a few witty quotations on art. Do you agree with the ideas ex­pressed in them?

" To my mind the old masters are not art; their value is in their scarcity." Thomas A. Edison (1847-1931), an American inventor

" We are not interested in the unusual, but in the usual seen unusually." Beaumont Newhall (1908-1993), an American art historian, writer and photographer

" Nobody ever raised a monument to a critic." Author unknown

" The people who make art their business are mostly imposters." Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), a Spanish painter and sculptor.

" If my husband would ever meet a woman on the street who looked like the women in his paintings, he would fall over in a dead faint." Mrs Pablo Picasso

" There is no such thing as modern art. There is art - and there is adver­tising."

Albert Sterner (1863-1946),

an American painter

Parti

UNIT SEVEN

 

Fashion is a form of ugliness so intoler­able that we have to alter* it every six months.

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), Irish playwright, novelist and poet

Discuss this before you read the text.

1. Women are more interested in fashion than men. Do you agree?

2. Are you interested in fashion? Do you always follow the fashion?

3. What is more important for you to be always dressed in the latest fash­
ion or to have your own style in clothes? Explain why.

4. Have you ever been to a fashion show? Where was it? What was it like?
Were you impressed? What impressed you most?

PART1

Read the text and make sure that you understand it. The list of new words on p. 165-166 will help you.

CHANEL - PUBLIC FAME AND PRIVATE ENIGMA**

Gabrielle Chanel, who died in her suite in the Ritz in Paris on January 10, 1971 at the age of 87, was one of a handful of de­signers who can be said to have radically changed the way in which women dress. She was the winner in terms of publicity, longevity and mass-market appeal.

Chanel's contribution to fashion was to 'make it smart to look poor'. She cre­ated a style which was the very opposite of the Edwardian idea of dress, of opulence. in place of elaborate, floppy clothes she ntroduced pleated skirts, trousers, made

* Alter ['o: lts] \/изменять(ся), вносить изменения.

** Glynn P. Public fame and private enigma // The Times, 1971; http: //www.wikipedia.org/

Unit seven

the fabric jersey acceptable and showed bright colours. She had her own fab­ulous jewels copied into cheap, marvellous fakes and all at once it was smart­er to wear the false than the real. She designed a shoe, pale flesh-coloured skin with a black toecap. Her jackets were individual enough to be named after her - edge to edge, high round neck, no fastenings, made from tweed quilted onto pure silk and trimmed with thick braid and gold buttons with a lion's head on them. Although black dresses had existed before Chanel, the little ones she designed were considered the haute couture standard.

As with most ancient monuments, Chanel's life is well documented: her romances with the English aristocracy, her friends in the artistic circles of the world, etc.

The origin of her nickname Coco is uncertain. Some sources state that it was acquired at the turn of the 20^th century when Chanel, then a cabaret singer, performed the song called Ко Ко Ri Ко (French for 'Cock-a-doodle-do' or «Ку­кареку» in Russian) and her audiences cried 'Coco' when they wanted an en­core.

She was said to have had a romance with the Duke of Westminster and considered getting married to him, but she finally turned him down, explaining with characteristic bluntness. " There are a lot of duchesses, but only one Coco Chanel."

There is a dark stain on her biography. When France was occupied by the Nazis during World War II, Coco Chanel had a love affair with a German officer of high rank and was allerged to have sympathized with the Nazis.

She was tough, with a very masculine mind, she was not generous nor was she particularly loyal to her friends.

Chanel's original success was in Paris in the twenties and her comeback in 1954 was widely rumoured to be only in order to boost the sales of her (and the world's) top-selling scent, Chanel Number 5.

To those who only knew her late in life and professionally, she was a tiny figure sitting on the curving stairs in the Rue Canbon like a bad-tempered tor­toise. She would sit there, shelled in vivid tweeds, clinking her beads and brooches with the noise tortoises make and darting a stare at anyone unfortu­nate enough to have to quit before the end of the huge collection.

It is impossible to chart pictorially the evolution of Chanel as a designer, because she did not evolve. Rather fashion evolved round her. She created a look, which was overwhelmingly successful when it was launched and which has left ineradicable traces in fashion. That look was revived at her comeback in the fifties. She created fashion which was aside from the main stream and yet was always perfectly valid. Chanel's influence on haute couture was such that she was the only person in the field to be named in Time's Magazine's 100 most influential people of the 20^th century. What Coco Chanel thought about her prospects is an enigma. The things she would never talk about, it seems, were her clothes and her past.

Names

aute couture (Fr.) [autku'tjira] высокая мода, моделирование и пошив

одежды высокого класса ЗаопеИе (Coco) Chanel [, gsebn'el (ко'кэи) Ja'nel] Edwardian [ed'wordian] эпоха короля Эдуарда VII (1901-1910) ⁼ je Canbon [ru: клц'Ьоп] улица в Париже

New Words

handful ['haendful] л горсть, зд. небольшая группа

publicity [pAb'lisiti] n известность, слава

longevity [lDn'd3eviti] л долголетие

appeal [э'рЫ] л привлекательность, притягательность

smart [sma: t] adj зд. модный, элегантный

opulence [Tjpjutans] л изобилие, богатство

elaborate [I'laebant] adj3fl. искусно сделанный, тонкой работы

floppy fftopi] adj3fl. свободного кроя

pleated ['pli: tid] adj в складку

fabric ['febnk] n ткань

jersey ['d33: zi] n джерси

fabulous ['faebjolss] adj потрясающий, изумительный

fake [feik] n подделка, adj поддельный

edge [еф] п оторочка, кромка

fastening [Tcusnir)] n зд. застежка

tweed [twi: d] n твид

quilted f'kwiltid] adj3fl. на подкладке

trimmed [tnmd] adj3&. отделанный

braid [breid] n тесьма

encore [orj'ko: ] n бис

bluntness fbLvntnis] n прямота

stain [stem] n пятно

rumour ['гштэ] v распространять слухи, п слух (сплетня)

boost [bu: st] v поддержать, стимулировать

scent [sent] n зд. духи, приятный запах

curving ['k3: virj] adj зд. витая (о лестнице)

curve л изгиб, виток tortoise ['to: tas] л черепаха shelled [/eld] adj имеющий раковину, панцирь vivid [Vivid] adj живой, яркий brooch [brautf] л брошь dart [da: t] v бросать, метать

Parti

165

Unit seven

quit [kwit] v покидать, уходить

chart [tfa: t] i/составить схему, график

pictorially [pik'toinsli] adv графически

overwhelmingly [suvg'welminli] adv всеобъемлюще

launch [bmtj] V3fl. выпускать (товар) на рынок

ineradicable [mi'raedikabl] adj неизгладимый

trace [treis] n след

revive [n'vaiv] узд. возродить

Questions for discussion.

1. According to the text, Chanel 'radically changed the way in which
women dress'. Try to prove this assertion if you agree with it.

2. What was Chanel's contribution to the fashion world?

3. How did she acquire her nickname Coco?

4. What kind of person was she? Describe her character.

5. Why do you think the title of the text is: " Chanel - public fame and pri­
vate enigma"?

6. Coco Chanel once said: " Fashion is made to become unfashionable."
Do you agree? If you do, give your reasons.

7. Do you know anything about Chanel's cooperation with Dyagilev
who was famous for his " Russian Seasons" in Paris in the beginning of the
20^th century?

EXERCISES

Find English equivalents in the text for the following (you may think of better Russian translations).

1....принадлежала к небольшой группе дизайнеров, о которых мож­
но сказать, что они изменили стиль женской одежды.

2. Для массового потребителя она была первой и по своей извест­
ности, и по долголетию, и по привлекательности.

3. «...быть элегантной, но небогатой на вид».

4. С ее собственных потрясающих драгоценностей были сделаны ве­
ликолепные дешевые копии, и сразу же стало более модным но­
сить не натуральные драгоценности, а бижутерию.

5. В ее пиджаках было достаточно индивидуальности, чтобы они мог­
ли носить ее имя...

6. Так же как происходит и с большинством памятников древности,
жизнь Шанель подробно документирована...

Parti

7....и говорили, что она якобы симпатизировала нацистам.

8. Она была жесткой, с мужским складом ума, она не была ни ще­
дрой, ни особенно преданной своим друзьям.

9....и ее возвращение в 1954 году, по слухам, было специально орга­
низовано для увеличения продаж ее всемирно известных и поль­
зующихся самым большим спросом духов «Шанель № 5».

 

10. Для тех, кто знал ее в последние годы ее жизни и с профессио­
нальной стороны...

11. Скорее мода менялась вокруг нее.

12. Влияние Шанель на высокую моду было таково, что она была един­
ственным представителем мира моды, которого журнал «Тайме»
назвал среди 100 самых влиятельных людей XX века.

VOCABULARY

Read and translate these sentences into Russian so as to have a better idea of how these words can be used.

publicity n, publicize v, publicist n

1. The case has received massive publicity.

2. He did everything to avoid publicity.

3. The newspapers gave publicity to their love affair.

4. Who is in charge of publicity for our show?

5. The businessman said that he wasn't in the habit of publicizing his
private life.

6. He's a good self-publicist. (= He is good at making himself well-
known.)

appeal n, v, appealing adj

1. His appeal to his ex-wife for forgiveness went unanswered.

2. In my opinion he's a good actor, but he hasn't got any sex appeal.

3. He has been sentenced to life imprisonment but his lawyer says he will
lodge (= make) an appeal.

4. The police are appealing to the public for any information about the
criminal.

5. Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?

6. By appealing to his better nature (= the good side of his character) we
persuaded him to change his mind.

7. This idea sounds rather appealing to me!

smart adj, smartly adv

1. She was very smartly dressed.

Unit seven

2. 'Smart' (especially in British English) means 'neat and stylish' in
appearance.

e.g. You look smart in your new dress.

3. 'Smart' (especially in American English) also means 'good' or 'quick
thinking', 'clever'.

e.g. If he is as smart as he says, why did the cops catch him?

4. 'Smart' may also mean disrespectful, especially towards someone
older such as one's teachers or parents.

e.g. Don't get smart with me, young lady!

5. A 'smart card' is a credit or debit card with a memory chip. It records
and remembers any business someone does with it.

elaborate adj, elaborately adv, elaborate v

1. She had made elaborate preparations for the party, but nobody came.

2. The new curtains have an elaborate pattern of leaves and flowers.

3. The small wooden statue was elaborately carved.

4. As a verb 'to elaborate' means 'to give more details or information',
e.g. What you've told us is very interesting. Could you, please, elaborate
on it?

flop i/, n, floppy adj

1. Tortoises flopped into the water.

2. A bird with an injured wing flopped helplessly along the ground.

3. She flopped as a stage actress and decided to be a producer.

4. The show was a complete flop and lasted only one night.

5. Look at this funny dog with long floppy ears!

6. A 'floppy disk' (= a diskette) is a piece of plastic with a thin coat of
magnetic substance on which information for a computer can be
stored.

fabric n, fabricate v, fabrication n

1. 'Fabric' means 'cloth', 'material', e.g. cotton fabric, silkfabric, synthetic
fabric, woolen fabric.

2. 'Fabric' also means 'structure', e.g. basic fabric, social fabric, the
fabric of society.

3. The cost of repairing the fabric of the church was very high.

4. 'To fabricate' means 'to make or invent' something in order to deceive,
e.g. It turned out that the media had fabricated the whole story. (The
whole story was a complete fabrication.)

Don't mix up!

fabric - материал, ткань, структура, factory - завод, фабрика

Parti

Compare

clothes, cloth, material, fabric, clothing, garment, dress Clothes is the usual word for things we wear. Clothes (одежда) are made from various kinds of fabric (ткань), cloth (ткань, часто шер­стяная), or material (материал). Clothing is a more formal word for clothes. A garment (предмет одежды) is a single article of clothing. A dress is a kind of outer garment worn by women. But sometimes dress is used for a particular type of clothing.

For example: evening dress - фрак, смокинг, вечернее платье

formal dress - официальный костюм

casual dress - неформальная, в свободном стиле одежда

fabulous adj, fabulously adv, fable n

1. Aesop ['i: sDp] wrote some very well known fables.

2. The dragon is a fabulous creature. No such animal has ever existed.

3. The bride looked fabulous in her wedding dress.

4. The painting was sold for a fabulous (an enormous) sum.

5. He is said to be fabulously wealthy.

fake v, n, adj

1. He faked the results of the experiment to prove his theory.

2. She faked illness (= pretended to be ill) so that she didn't have to go
to school.

3. He denied faking my signature.

4. A fake is a person or thing that is not what he / she / it looks like or
pretends to be.

5. He claimed to be a doctor, but he turned out to be a fake.

6. We thought we had bought an antique vase, but it was only a fake.

7. Fake fur coats are often worn because people do not agree with killing
animals for their fur.

Compare

fake - поддельный, фальшивый, false - ложный, ненастоящий, под­дельный, imitation - искусственный, поддельный imitation (fake) jewellery, imitation leather, a fake (фальшивый, неис­кренний) laugh, false teeth, a false alarm

edge n, v

1. Be careful! This knife has a very sharp edge.

2. She was standing by the water's edge, deep in her thoughts.

3. He felt he was on the edge of madness.

4. I'm exhausted. I feel I'm on the edge (на грани срыва)!

Unit seven

5. Some linguists think that the Russian language is 'on the edge of a ner­
vous breakdown' and needs protection.

6. His question had the cutting edge of a razor.

7. She was wearing a white jacket edged with blue.

8. Fame fired their courage, freedom edged their swords.

fasten v, fastener n, fastening n

1. Mother asked the children to fasten their coats.

2. The plane is landing. Please, fasten your seat belts.

3. There are different kinds of fasteners (or fastenings) for example: zip­
pers, buttons, buckles (пряжки) etc.

4. Could you do up the fasteners on the back of my dress, please?

trim v, n

1. Her new sports car was dark blue with a white trim.

2. I'm having my hair trimmed tomorrow.

3. His beard is always neatly trimmed.

blunt adj (ant. sharp), bluntly adv, bluntness n

1. My knife is blunt. Its edge isn't sharp enough. May I borrow your
sharpener?

2. A blunt person is someone who doesn't try to be polite or to hide
unpleasant facts.

3. To be quite blunt, I think the government has made a complete mess of
things. (To put it bluntly, ...)

4. Her bluntness was well-known.

rumour n, v

1. All sorts of rumours are going round the office about him and his
secretary.

2. Rumour has it (= People say) that he's going to get married again.

3. He is rumoured to have left the country.

4. The rumoured marriage between the prince and the dancer did not in
fact take place.

5. There's a rumour circulating (being spread) that the factory is going to
shut down.

scent n, v

1. A scent is a particular, usually pleasant smell, for example the scent of
roses.

2. Scent can also mean perfume.

3. A scent can be left by an animal and followed by hunting dogs.

4. The air was scented with spring flowers.

Parti

Compare

scent - a smell (a scent) of flowers (запах цветов)

smell - a sense of smell (обоняние), a smell of burning (запах гари)

odour - an odour of cheap deodorant (запах дешевого дезодоранта)

the odour of roses (аромат роз)

stink (unpleasant smell) - a stink of cats (кошачий запах)

curve v, n, curving adj

1. The road curved to the right.

2. The car took the curve (вошла в поворот) much too quickly.

vivid adj, vividly adv

1. There was a vivid flash of lightning in the dark sky.

2.1 had a vivid dream last night. I tried to remember it but I failed.

3. You've really got a vivid imagination!

4.1 vividly remember my first day at school.

quit (quit, quit or quitted (Br.)) v

1. He said he had quit his job.

2. I've quit smoking (= I've given up smoking)

3. Quit it, Robby, or I'll tell Mom! (Am.)

overwhelm v, overwhelming adj, overwhelmingly adv

1. When John Lennon was killed his fans were overwhelmed by grief.

2. Pompeii was overwhelmed by (погребена под) a vast accumulation of
dust and ashes.

3. An overwhelming majority voted against the proposal.

4. Congress voted overwhelmingly in favor of the bill.

launch v, n

1. The first artificial earth satellite was launched from a site in the USSR
on October 4^th, 1957.

2. The police have launched (= have started) an investigation into the
incident.

3. He launched a massive attack on his political opponents.

4. Were you at the launch (= presentation) of the new book?

trace v, n

1. She has given up all hopes of tracing her missing dog. She failed to find
any trace of him.

2. The style of these paintings can be traced back to the early medieval
period.

3. You should strictly trace (= follow) my instructions.

Unit seven

4. The whole rumour was traced (back) to someone who had envied his
success.

5. Did the police find any trace of the murderer?

6. They have vanished without (a) trace in the jungle.

7. They found traces of poison in the man's blood.

revive v, revival n

1. It's nice that these old customs are being revived.

2. Seeing him again revived her memories of their youth.

3. She starred in the revival of " West Side Story".

4. There is a revival in consumer demand after a period of slow business.

GRAMMAR

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