DISPLAY OF SENC INFORMATION

o ECDIS should be capable of displaying all SENC information.

o SENC information available for display during route planning and route monitoring should be subdivided into three categories, display base, standard display, and all other information

o ECDIS should present the standard display at any time by a single operator action.

o When a chart is first displayed on ECDIS, it should provide the standard display at the largest scale available in the SENC for the displayed area.

o It should be easy to add or remove information from the ECDIS display. It should not be possible to remove information contained in the display base.

o It should be possible for the mariner to select a safety contour from the depth contours provided by the SENC. ECDIS should give the safety contour more emphasis than other contours on the display.

o It should be possible for the mariner to select a safety depth. ECDIS should emphasize soundings equal to or less than the safety depth whenever spot soundings are selected for display.

o The ENC and all updates to it should be displayed without any degradation of their information content.

o ECDIS should provide a means of ensuring that the ENC and all updates to it have been correctly loaded into the SENC.

 

 

SCALE

ECDIS should provide an indication of whether the information is displayed at a larger scale than that contained in the ENC or own ship's position is covered by an ENC at a larger scale than that provided by the display.

DISPLAY OF OTHER NAVIGATIONAL INFORMATION

 

 

Radar information or other navigational information may be added to the ECDIS display. However, it should not degrade the SENC information, and should be clearly distinguishable from the SENC information.

COLOURS AND SYMBOLS DISPLAY REQUIREMENTS

ECDIS should be capable of displaying information as per IHO Special Publication S-52 and IEC

Publication 1174.

 

Back-up

 

Purpose of an ECDIS back–up system is to ensure that safe navigation is not compromised in the event of ECDIS failure. This should include a timely transfer to the backup system during critical navigation situations. The backup system shall allow the vessel to be navigated safely until the termination of the voyage.

 

 

Interpretation of these back-up requirements vary from flag state to flag state. Different interpretations to satisfactory ECDIS back-up include:

 

• A fully-updated folio of paper charts for the remainder of the voyage

• A second ENC-fuelled ECDIS, with an independent power supply

• A second RNC-fuelled RCDS with an independent power supply (not permitted by BSM)

• An ENC-fuelled ECS

• A ENC chart radar

 

 

Main components of ECDIS

 

 

An ECDIS has four main components:

 

 

1. A computer system or processing unit, along with the necessary software programs to run the system or unit.

2. Electronic charts in the form of a digital database or library of either ENCs (officially approved vector charts) or, where these are not available, RNCs (officially approved raster charts).

3. A colour display screen.

4. A control panel or operator interface which enables the mariner to operate the system.

 

 

Additionally, an ECDIS can accept inputs and display data from navigational sensors and other instruments, such as GPS, gyro, radar, ARPA or echo sounder.

The three most important operating features of ECDIS are the clarity of its screen, ease of use of the controls and the quality and versatility of the navigational information displayed on its screen.

 

 

There are three levels of information which can be displayed on an ECDIS screen:

 

 

1.  The Display Base is the basic display provided by the SENC and is required for all charts. It is unchangeable basic data which cannot be altered by the operator. The Display Base contains information on coastlines, safety contours, danger indications, traffic routing, scale, range, orientation and display mode, as well as units of depth and height. The Display Base is not intended to provide enough information for safe navigation just by itself.

2.  The Standard Display, which is also a pre-arranged chart display, but which can be modified by the operator, and which is automatically shown when the ECDIS is first switched on. It contains the Display Base, plus boundaries of channels etc, conspicuous features, restricted areas, chart scale boundaries and cautionary notes. The operator can modify the amount of information displayed for the purposes of route planning and navigational monitoring. The operator decides what level of information is displayed during any particular situation or task. However, when working with these other levels of information display, an operator must immediately be able to return to the Standard Display with just one single action of the controls.

3.  The 'All Other Information' Levels. After the first two main levels of chart display mentioned above, extra layers of information known as 'All Other Information' can be called up on the ECDIS and added to the Standard Display when required by the operator. These may show spot soundings, undersea cables and pipelines, ferry routes, lines of magnetic variation, the chart graticule, place names, extra details of navigation aids, hazards and notes.

 

 

Some ECDIS systems also have a 'Windows' capability, which can show several smaller screens at the same time, allowing the operator to view different types of information, separately but alongside each other. Such displays may show as the present position chart, the next chart and the waypoint library, for example.

 

 

Standard ECDIS functions

 

 

The ECDIS, either with an ENC on display or operating in RCDS mode, must at all times be able to perform the following tasks, each of which the ECDIS operator must be able to execute and monitor:

 

 

• show automatic and continuous plotting of the vessel's position on the display

• generate an alarm about navigational dangers to the vessel

• show deviations from the vessel's planned route

• generate an alarm when crossing a safety contour

• maintain an electronic ship's logbook

• display acquired ARPA targets to indicate other vessels' manoeuvers

• show the latest update added, and be able to show that all updates have been correctly added

• show the Standard Display through one single adjustment by the operator

• allow easy movement from one item of information to another, or from one chart to another

• enable the operator to select a safety depth contour, which the ECDIS can then highlight

• show that vessel's radar and ECDIS are working to the same scale when shown together on the ECDIS screen

• Make it easy for the radar information to be added on or removed from the ENC display by the

operator, and allow other sources of information to be added to the ENC with a common system of references. If this is not done, then the ECDIS should make it apparent to the operator

• allow the ENC to be shown in a north-up, course-up or head-up display, and be able to switch easily between them

• allow the operator at any time to switch the display from showing the vessel's present position to another image 'looking ahead' further along the planned route

 

 

Operating ECDIS

 

 

It is important that the operators familiarise themselves thoroughly with their own vessel's ECDIS to become fully proficient with its controls and operation. Proficiency in using ECDIS is now recognised as an important watch keeping requirement.  The master and any watch-officer must be fully familiarised with the ECDIS installed on board before the officer stands his own watch. Section 1.16 of this manual provides the company guidance on ECDIS familiarisation.

 

 

Although all ECDIS and ENCs conform to the same official standards, there may be some differences in how a particular ECDIS system interfaces with some charts and sensors. The operator must know the characteristic operational features of their vessel's ECDIS, along with the ENCs and RNCs they will be using, as well as its other sensor inputs.

 

 

Although the ECDIS should already be programmed with vessel's performance and manoeuvering data this must still be checked when it is first switched on. The operator must also check that previously set display features are all still appropriate to present requirements. These must include:

 

 

• Safety zone

• Safety depth

• Safety contour

• Chart orientation

• Other relevant on-screen data

 

 

The operator must be confident that they understand the procedure when the ECDIS switches to running on RCDS mode, and then switches back to full ECDIS mode using an ENC chart.

 

 

As well as becoming familiar with the vessel's ECDIS the navigating officers must also make themselves equally familiar with its back-up system and its operation. They must ensure that it is fully operational and has the correct data programmed into it, and that they can operate it efficiently. The Master must carry out periodic assessment of the familiarization of navigating officers and ensure new joiners are familiarized with the ECDIS before using it independently. This is to form part of the quarterly navigation audit carried out by the master.

 

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