Question on Steam Turbines

1. What is a stage in a steam turbine?

2. What is a diaphragm?

3. What is a radial-flow turbine?

4. What are four types of turbine seals?

5. In which turbine is tip leakage a problem?

6. What are two types of clearance in a turbine?

7. What are four types of thrust bearings?

8. What is the function of a thrust bearing?

9. What is a balance piston?

10. Why should a steam or moisture separator be installed in the steam line next to a steam turbine?

11. What are some conditions that may prevent a turbine from developing full power?

12. Why is it necessary to open casing drains and drains on the steam line going to the turbine when a turbine is to be started?

13. What is steam rate as applied to turbo-generators?

14. What are the two basic types of steam turbines?

15. What is the operating principle of an impulse turbine?

16. What is the operating principle of a reaction turbine?

17. What are topping and superposed turbines?

18. What is an extraction turbine?

19. What is a combination thrust and radial bearing?

20. What is a tapered-land thrust bearing?

21. What is important to remember about radial bearings?

22. How many governors are needed for safe turbine operation? Why?

23. How is a flyball governor used with a hydraulic control?

24. What is a multi-port governor valve? Why is it used?

25. What is meant by critical speed?

26. How is oil pressure maintained when starting or stopping a medium-sized turbine?

27. Besides lubrication, which are two functions of lubricating oil in some turbines?

28. What is meant by the water rate of a turbine?

29. What is the difference between partial and full arc admission?

30. At what points does corrosion fatigue does show up?

31. Despite preventive measures, damage due to moisture impingement has been found, in certain cases, in the shield and beyond. Why?

32. By monitoring the exhaust steam temperature, how can the blade deposition be predicted?

33. Do the radial axial-bore cracks occur in the LP rotor/shaft alone?

34. Do you stop cooling-water flow through a steam condenser as soon as the turbine is slopped?

35. Do you think that turbine blade failure is the only cause of unreliability of steam turbines? Does upgrading of turbine means replacement of blades and/or improvement of blade design?

36. How can damaged tenons be repaired?

37. How can problems of " excessive vibration or noise" due to piping strain be avoided on steam turbines?

38. How can steam turbines be classified?

39. How can the deposits be removed?

40. How can the detection of deposits in a turbine be made during operation?

41. How can the disadvantages of the impulse turbine question 7 be overcome?

42. How can the fatigue damage on high-pressure blades be corrected?

43. How can the misalignment be rectified?

44. How can the problem of excessive speed variation due to throttle assembly friction be overcome?

45. How can the speed variation be reduced by making a governor droop adjustment?

46. How do the problems of vibration and fatigue arise with steam turbine blades?

47. How does deposit formation on turbine blades affect turbine efficiency?

48. How does improper governor lubrication affect?

49. How does pressure monitoring ensure detection of turbine deposits?

50. How does solid-particle erosion occur?

51. How does the damage to turbine-blades tell upon the efficiency of the unit?

52. How does the dirty safety trip valve trip the safety trip at normal speed?

53. How does the internal efficiency monitoring lead to the detection of turbine deposits?

54. How does this modification reduce the vibration fatigue damage?

55. How is pressure compounding accomplished?

56. How is pressure-velocity compounding accomplished?

57. How is the washing of turbine blades carried out with the condensate?

58. How is turbine blade washing with wet steam carried out?

59. How is velocity compounding accomplished?

60. How many types of particle-impact damage occur in turbine blades?

61. How to prevent turbine deposition?

62. How will you detect that misalignment is the probable cause of excessive vibration?

63. How would you slop a leaky tube in a condenser that was contaminating the feed-water?

64. How would you stop air from leaking into a condenser?

65. In how many patterns are tie wires used?

66. In steam turbines, is there any alternative to the shrunk-on-disc design?

67. In which case does upgrading imply life extension of steam turbines?

68. In which cases does erosion corrosion damage appear?

69. In which cases does moisture-impingement and washing erosion occur?

70. In which cases does upgrading mean up-rating the turbine capacity?

71. In which part of the steam turbine does corrosion fatigue occur?

72. In which part of the steam turbine does stress corrosion cracking (SCC) occur?

73. In which section of the steam-turbine rotors is the problem of rotor failure mostly prevalent?

74. What are the basic causes of the problems are?

75. In which turbine is this pressure compounding used?

76. In which turbine is tip leakage a problem?

77. In which turbine is velocity compounding utilized?

78. In which turbines, is this pressure-velocity compounding principle employed?

79. In which zone of steam turbines has temperature-creep rupture been observed?

80. Is there any adverse effect off full-arc admission operation?

81. Is there any alternative to the shrunk-on-disc design?

82. Is there any factor other than corrodents and erodents that contributes to turbine blade failure?

83. Of all the factors that contribute to the unreliability of steam turbines, which one is the most prominent?

84. Rim cracking continues to be a problem of shrunk-on-disc type rotors in utility steam turbines. Where does it occur?

85. So can you recommend this technique as a permanent measure?

86. So what should be the more sound approach?

87. Steam blowing from a turbine gland is wasteful. Why else should it be avoided?

88. Steam blowing from a turbine gland is wasteful. Why else should it be avoided?

89. The consequences of turbine depositions have three effects?

90. Usually it has been found that SCC attack takes place particularly at keyways of shrunk-on-disc rotors of low-pressure turbines. Why are keyways prone to SCC attack?

91. What are some common troubles in surface-condenser operation?

92. What are the advantages of steam turbines over reciprocating steam engines?

93. What are the advantages of velocity compounding?

94. What are the advantages of welded rotors?

95. What are the basic causes of the problem of rotor failure?

 

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