III. Are the following statements true or false? Explain your answers.

1. The industry's principal products are commercial vehicles.

2. The automobile originated in Europe and it completely dominated the world industry for the first half of the 20^th century.

3. By the beginning of the 20^th century western European countries and Japan became major producers and exporters of automobiles.

4. The main contribution of the automotive industry to technological progress was the introduction of full-scale mass-production.

IV. Answer the following questions .

1. The automotive industry is one of the main branches of national economy, isn't it? What does it include?

2. Why is the history of the automotive industry known to have exceptional interest?

3. The first road vehicles were steam-powered. Is the automotive industry rooted in the steam-powered engine?

4. What was the outstanding contribution to technological advance in the automotive industry?

 

V. Retell the text .

4.	Properties of Engineering Materials
	The Adjective
	Body

Lead-in

I. a) Why is it important for an engineer to know the properties of engineering materials?

b) List the properties you know. Compare your list with that of your friend.

II. A group of students is at the practical class now. Listen to their conversation and learn how we can compare properties of various materials.

1. Paul: Alex, help me, please. This pipe is very heavy.

Alex: Is it really? What material is it made of?

Paul: Actually, it is made of metal.

Alex: Why is it made of metal?

Paul: Well, because it is a strong material. In any case, it is stronger and more rigid than rubber.

Alex: Is it an expensive material?

Paul: Yes, it is. It is the most expensive material, as a matter of fact.

2. Alice : Paul, take that pipe, please. It is rather light.

Paul: Ohl It is very light. What material is it made of?

Alice : It is made of plastic.

Paul: Why is it made of plastic?

Alice : Well, it is a rigid material, but it is less flexible than rubber. In fact, it is the lightest and the least expensive material.

III. That's how we can begin a phrase in English. Study the table.

OPENING WORDS AND PHRASES:
On the one hand…	On the whole…	Well…
On the other hand…	Fortunately…	So…
Anyway…	Luckily…	Thus…
In any case…	Unfortunately…	By the way…
	Actually…	You know…
		You see…
		As a matter of fact…

IV. Complete the dialogue. Use the opening words and phrases from the table above.

– Look here, …. I bet that… is very heavy!

– I'm sure it is not!

– Hmm, … what material …?

–…, to my mind … .

– … not! Can't you see?! It's made of … .

– … strong?

– Well, on the one hand, it is … than … . On …, it is less … than ….

Language Practice

I. Complete the table.

long –	longer –	the longest	rigid –	more rigid –	the most rigid
long –	less long –	the least long	rigid –	less rigid –	the least rigid
strong	– …	– …	Plastic	– …	– …
heavy	– …	– …	Elastic	– …	– …
hard	– …	– …	Brittle	– …	– …
soft	– …	– …	Flexible	– …	– …
cheap	– …	– …	Expensive	– …	– …
			Valuable	– …	– …

 

II. Compare the properties of different substances.

EXAMPLE 1: plastic – weak rubber – ?

Rubber is weaker than plastic.

1. plastic – strong	metal – ?
2. aluminium – hard	copper – ?
3. aluminium – light	rubber – ?
4. cast iron – soft	Aluminium – ?

 

EXAMPLE 2: plastic – flexible     rubber – ?

Rubber is more flexible than plastic.

1. rubber – rigid	steel – ?
2. wood – brittle	glass – ?
3. steel – plastic	copper – ?
4. steel – elastic	rubber – ?

 

III. Complete the sentences with these words: rigid, soft, elastic, hard, brittle, expensive, valuable. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Gold is the … … of the metals.

2. Glass is … … than cast iron.

3. This tank is the … one because it is made of steel.

4. This material is the … of these new materials.

5. The … of these materials is aluminium.

6. Copper is … than rubber.

7. This metal is more … than iron.

 

IV. Complete the table with the nouns for each property.

Properties of Materials