V. Rephrase the following sentences. The table above will help you.

EXAMPLE: material / flexible

This material is very flexible.

It has the property of flexibility.

glass / hard	steel / elastic
aluminium / soft	metal / yough
copper / plastic

 

VI. Correct mistakes in the given sentences.

1. This pipe is made of plastic because it's a rigider material than rubber.

2. Rubber is the most elastic than steel.

3. Metal is more stronger than plastic.

4. Glass is brittler than wood.

5. This tank is the harder one because it's made of steel.

6. This material is very flexible than that one.

7. What material this pipe is made of?

8. Copper is harder then aluminium.

 

VII. Translate the following sentences into English using your active vocabulary.

1. Цей матеріал самий найцініший із всіх (матеріалів).

2. Мені здається, ці труби легкі, тому що вони зроблені із пластика.

3. З однієї сторони, пластик – менш гнучкий матеріал, ніж гума, проте, з іншої сторони, він самий легкий і найменш дорогий матеріал.

4. Він має пластичні якості, тому цей матеріал широко використовується.

5. Прокатний чавун – важкий, але він легший, ніж мідь.

6. Сталеві труби – найтяжчі і найменш гнучкі.

7. Титан і алюміній легші, ніж чавун і скло, але твердіші, ніж гума.

8. Ці пружини зроблені із сталі, тому що сталь – еластичний метал.

9. Скло – дуже крихкий матеріал.

10. Сталь – найеластичніший матеріал  серед всіх цих матеріалів.

Reading and Speaking

I. Try to answer these questions before you read the text.

1. What are the most widely used metals in engineering?

2. What colour are these metals?

3. What metal is the hardest one: steel, aluminium or copper?

4. Copper is the heaviest metal, isn't it?

5. What metal is stronger: aluminium or copper?

6. What metal is more flexible: copper or steel?

7. Is aluminium the most or the least flexible metal?

II. Read the text and check your answers.

Steel, copper and aluminium are widely used in engineering. Steel is a grey elastic metal. It is heavier than aluminium, but it is the hardest and the strongest of those three metals. That is why it is widely used for constructing bridges, making tools and car components.

Copper is a red metal. It is harder and stronger than aluminium and more flexible than steel. Electric wires are generally made of cop­per because this metal has a high electric conductivity. However, copper is the heaviest metal of the three.

The lightest and the most flexible of these materials is aluminium, therefore aircraft, engine components and many kitchen items are made of this metal. Aluminium is a white hard metal.

III. Find the endings of these sentences.

Steel, copper and aluminium are widely used …	a red material.
Steel is the hardest and the strongest of …	aluminium.
Copper is …	in engineering.
Steel is …	the three metals.
The lightest and the most flexible is …	a grey elastic metal.

IV. Complete the sentences.

Different metals … widely … in … . Steel is a grey… metal. It is … than aluminium. Copper is a red …. Steel is harder and stronger … copper, but copper is … flexible than steel. Copper is the … . Aluminium is the … flexible material. Steel is … hardest and the … of these three materials.

Activity

I. Ask your groupmate to name the following objects and say what mate­rials they are made of.

EXAMPLE: ruler / plastic

Paul: Look! This is called a ruler.

Susan: By the way, what material is it made of?

Paul: It is made of plastic.

Susan: Why is it made of plastic?

Paul: Because plastic is a light material, it is lighter than steel. And it is the least expen­sive material. Therefore it is used for making rulers.

Objects / materials

a cylinder / steel	a wire / copper
a tyre / rubber	a pipe / metal
a beaker / glass	a tin / aluminium

 

II. Discuss with your partner the following questions.

1. Why are bridges made of steel, not of copper?

2. Why are electric wires made of copper, not of plastic?

3. Why are aircraft made of aluminuim, not of steel?

4. Why are cutting tools made of steel, not of pure iron?

Writing

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