INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Internal combustion is the process of the burning of fuel within the engine. The fuel burns within the engine and provides forces. These forces provide the engine power.

Internal combustion engines have stationary, rotary and reciprocating parts.

Stationary Engine Parts. The stationary engine parts are the cylinder block, the crankcase and the cylinder head.

The cylinder block is one of the basic parts of the engine. The process of combustion takes ptace within the cylinders. Tractor engines have some cylinders.

The crankcase is a part of the cylirtder. It supports the crankshaft and the camshaft and keeps the lubricating oil near the engine parts.

The cylinder heads close the cylinders. The cylinders and the cylinder heads form the combustion chambers. The burning of fuel takes place within the combustion chambers.

Rotary Engine Parts. Rotary engine parts are the crankshaft, the flywheel and the camshaft.

The crankshaft changes reciprocating motion of pis­tons to rotary motion. The camshaft opens the valves of the engine.

 

keeps the lubricating oil

утримує мастило

 

III. Read the following international words and give their Ukrainian equivalents.

block, cylinder, component, carburettor, diesel, filter, tractor, process, system, gas, battery, vibration, magneto, function, transmission.

IV . Fill in the gaps with the words given below.

1. The ... changes reciprocating motion of pistons to rotary motion.

2. The ... opens the valves of the engine.

3. The ... is one of the basic parts of the engine.

4. The cylinder and the ... form the combustion chamber.

5. The ... of fuel provides forces.

6. The ... keeps the lubricating oil near the engine parts.

(cylinder head, camshaft, burning, _;crankcase, crankshal, cylinder block) .

V . Match the words from the line A with the words from the line B to have word-combinations .

A. Engine, cylinder, combustion, piston, fuel, exhaust.

B. Chamber, valve, system, head, parts, rings.

VI . Answer the questions .

1. What process takes place in internal combustion engines?

2. What doesthe burning of fuel provide?

3. What are the basic parts of the internal combustion engine?

4. What are the stationary engine parts?

5. What does the crankcase support?

6. What is the function of the cylinder heads?

7. What do cylinders and cylinder heads form?

8. Where does the burning of fuel take place?

9. What are the rotary engine .parts?

10. What is the function of the crankshaft?

11. What does the camshaft open?

VII . Retell the text .

8.	Types of Engines
	The Pronouns some, any, no
	Principles of Engine Operations

Lead-in

I. Discuss the following questions:

a) How are various types of vehicles different from, each other?

b) Are there different types of engines in different vehicles?

 

II. Andrew is talking to his friend Paul about different vehicle engines. Listen to their dialogue and learn the names of these engines.

Andrew: Hi, Paul. How are you?

Paul: Excellent, thanks. And you?

Andrew: So-so. You know I've got a problem.

Paul: What is it?

Andrew: I have a test on car devices tomorrow. Do you happen to know what types of engines there are in motor vehicles?

Paul: Well, let me think. A lot of motor vehicles have petrol engines. There are some motor vehicles with diesel engines.

Andrew: Are there any motor vehicles with gas engines?

Paul: I'm not sure but it seems to me that a few vehicles have gas engines.

Andrew: OK. And one more question to you. Are there any mixed fuel engines?

Paul: Well, I don't know exactly. I think only a few motor vehicles have such engines.

Andrew: Thank you so much for the information.

III. That's how we usually ask and answer questions in English. Study this table.

QUESTION TECHNIQUE		ANSWERING TECHNIQUE
Do you happen to know …		Well…
I wonder if …		Let me think …
Could you (possibly) tell me …		I don't know exactly …
I'd like to know…		I'm not sure…
One more question (to you) …		It seems to me …
		As for me …

 

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