Explain,please the meaning of the following political notions: Unitary state and Aristocracy

Unitary state - a state, which keeps all power under the control of the central government. 

Aristocracy - [from Greek ‘aristos’=”best” + ‘kratos’=”power, rule, dominion”] formally a rule of the best, but in fact a government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.

Explain,please the meaning of the following political notions: Bureaucracy and Pacifism

Bureaucracy – [from French word ‘bureau’=”desk” + Greek ‘kratos’=”power, rule, dominion”] - a body of non-elective government officials and/or an administrative policy-making group. Or: a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a large number of non-elected officials.

Pacifism - the belief that war and violence are unjustifiable and all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.

Explain,please the meaning of the following political notions: Parliamentary system and Corruption

Parliamentary system - a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from the legislature and is also held accountable to that legislature.   

Corruption - a form of dishonest or unethical conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire personal benefit.

Explain,please the meaning of the following political notions: Presidential system and Plutocracy

Presidential system - a system of government where a head of government is also head of state and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.

Plutocracy – [from Greek ‘ploutos’=“wealth” + ‘kratos’=“power, rule, dominion”] a society controlled by the small minority of the wealthiest citizens.

Explain,please the meaning of the following political notions: Dictatorship and Liberalism

Dictatorship - a government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations.   

 Liberalism - political philosophy founded on ideas of liberty and equality; it supports ideas freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, free markets, civil rights, democratic societies, and international cooperation.

Explain,please the meaning of the following political notions: Forms of state and Democratic socialism

Forms of state – unitary state and federative state  

Democratic socialism - political ideology based on involvement to constitutional rule and the protection of basic rights in politics and on involvement to equitable distribution of the community's wealth in economics.  

Explain,please the meaning of the following political notions: Forms of government and Communism

Forms of government – monarchy and republic. 

Communism - political ideology based on the establishing of a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state.

Explain,please the meaning of the following political notions: Systems of government and Nationalism

Systems of government – parliamentary system and presidential system. 

Nationalism - ideology based on the premise that the individual's loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests.   

 

 

                                              

 

 

                                                            

 

Points     

1) What do you know about the meaning of a notion ‘Politics’ and what about the structure of the politics.

Politics is a very important part of the history and of the modern society. It is maybe even a inalienable, integral part of human life. Because of it Aristotle said, that man is a political animal. Of course, huge number of contemporary people rejects the importance of politics in the everyday life. But in fact everybody in the world interested in politics. The term ‘politics’ spread from Greek ‘politikos’, what means ‘of, for or relating to citizens’ or ‘civil, civic, belonging to the state’. “Politika” means ‘affairs of the cities’. Very often when we say on Power, we mean Politics. Politics is the process of making decisions applying to all members of each group. Politics refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance – organized control over a human community, in fact a state.                                                                                 Modern political scientists Samuel Kernell and Steven Smith write: “Politics is an ever-present social activity. It occurs whenever individuals seek to reach agreement on a course of common action despite their disagreement over the goals. Politics arises whenever people who have different, even opposing, interests accept that they must cooperate if their interest is to be served. Politics, so defined, occurs within the smallest, most intimate associations as within families and among friends – as well as at city hall or in the parliament. Successful politics almost always depends on bargaining and compromise as each side tries to get as much of what it wants from the agreement, whether friends are trying to deside on a restaurant or Congress and the president are wrangling over the budget”. And they continue: “The major players in modern American politics – citizens, public officials, candidates for office, voters, parties, organized interests, and the media”.

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