Father of the Native American chiefs Tecumseh

(b. 1768) and Osceola. He jumped ship in Pensacola

harbor in 1718 and established a trading post in Creek

country at Tallassee, near present-day Montgomery,

Alabama, where he married into the Tuckabatchee

hierarchy. His son Peter MacQueen married a French

Indian Jew, Betsy Durant.

 

31. The Seneor family held the post of chief tax

collector for the Spanish Crown for three generations

over the course of the fifteenth century (Gitlitz 1996,

p. 17).

 

32. Koontz/Kuntz is a Hebrew name formed from

the letters K-N-TZ, meaning Kohan Tzadik, or

“righteous Priest” (Jacobs 1906-1911).

 

33. Statistically, the size of a valid random sam-

ple required for a population of 6 million is 384 (with

a confidence level of 95 percent and confidence inter-

val of 5 points). With 520 we have exceeded this

minimum and raised the confidence level to 98

percent. This presupposes the data were reported

from a single one-time randomized selection of all

eligible Scots. In actuality, the sample is biased owing

to a number of unknown factors, such as timing,

self-selection, degree of relatedness, geographical

spread, age of the participants, affordability issues,

and purposive sampling (e.g., for medical testing),

depending on the contributory studies. Any non-

random circumstances render the results, and inter-

pretations based on them, less robust. It should be

noted most national polls use the “magic number

of 384.

 

34. Chapters 3 through 6 will elaborate on a pop-

ulation movement from southern France to the

Rhineland, Flanders and Normandy during the

period of 500-800, when a new order was established

in the western lands of Europe.

 

 

Chapter 3

 

1. The Saint Clair (Sancto Claro = Sacred Light)

family is closely associated with the Templars and

Cabalistic ludaism. They will be discussed in chap-

ter 8.

 

2. Perhaps connected with the Jewish name

Tamaris “palm tree” (Hebrew Tamar, Greek Tam-

an’s, French Demaris, Demarice).

 

3. Accounts differ on this; see Gardner 2001,

p. 245; Brown 1998.

 

4. The names Isaac, Isaacs, Kissack, Kissock, and

McKessack are all derivatives of the Hebrew surname

Isaac. Barnett/Burnett and Harris are leading sur-

names in Jacobs’ list of Jewish philanthropists in 19th

century England, mentioned above. Orr and Ure

mean “gold, ” and Tawes, McTause, McTavish and

Taweson are taken from the Hebrew/Greek letter

Taw. As will be demonstrated in chapter 7, the Tau/

Thow/ Tough symbol is an X, not a Christian cross.

It has Cabalistic links and is found in the Templar

effigies showing knights with crossed legs, in the

Scottish Saltire flag and in the Freemasons’ skull and

crossed shin bones image.

 

5. Other forms apparently are Fordyce, Fordice,

Forbush, Forbish, Fobes, Forbess and Faubus. The

name may be Greek in origin, seeming to go back to

Phoebus, a divine appellation for Apollo as the Sun

God. Both Phoebus and Apollo were common names

adopted by Hellenizing and Roman Jews (Jacobs

1906-1911). This was a particular trend during the

spread of Mithraism, an ancient Iranian religion that,

before its eclipse by Christianity, was the most pop-

ular cult in the Roman Empire of the second and

third centuries C.E., particularly among soldiers and

the federated Germanic tribes on the Rhine, Danube

and Dnieper ( Oxford Classical Dictionary, s.v.

“Mithraism”). In Visigothic Spain, Phoebus became

Febos, a Marrano name amply attested in the records

of the Inquisition. It was corrupted to Feibus and

after several generations in Salonica and Izmir, fol-

lowed by a migration to Vienna, to Federbusch

(“feather bush”). It also seems likely that Martin Fro-

bisher, Elizabethan explorer, came was of this ilk (on

whom, see chapter 2).

 

6. Perriman and Rediat are Sephardic Jewish

surnames in the records of Bevis Marks Synagogue,

London; both Rebecca and Deborah are Hebrew

given names.

 

7. The Cherokee Stand Watie (1806-1871 ) is re-

membered as the last Confederate general to surren-

der in the War Between the States. With his cousin

Maj. John Ridge and brother Buck Watie (who

changed his name to Elias Boudinot after the French

Jewish statesman from New Jersey and became the

first editor of the Cherokee newspaper, The Phoenix),

he was a leader of the Removal, or Treaty, Party

(those who collaborated with the federal government

in removing the Cherokee west of the Mississippi)

and the Knights of the Golden Circle, a Masonic

organization that resisted Christian missionary activ-

ity in the Cherokee Nation. Watie was rendered

Oowatie in Cherokee, but has no meaning in the

Cherokee language. The family acknowledged

descent from a “Dutch” Cherokee. Intermarriages

occurred between Waties and persons named Field,

Gist (da Costa, Kdxrra?, KDDOU), Looney (de Luna),

Miller, Bell (Belle), Reece (Rice), Gold (almost

invariably Jewish), Wheeler, Smith and Candy

(Kennedy; see chapter 2), suggesting a Crypto-

Jewish background for them. One of Gen. Watie’s

sons was named Saladin Watie. On the Watie party,

see William G. McLoughlin 1991, After the Trail of

Tears (Chapel Hill, N.C., and London). Watts and

Waters are also frequent surnames in this family tree.

 

8. Saltoun = Sultan, meaning a prince or ruler

in Arabic.

 

9. Lovat comes from Levy, a Hebrew tribal

name. On a Lovatt match with Caldwell-Stewart, see

chapter 2.

 

10. We should perhaps note that Panton, Leslie s

trade differed from that of many merchants and bro-

kers not only in taking on a truly international

dimension, but also embracing all manner of mer-

chandise, including staple foodstuffs (which were

often denied to Jewish firms) and metal, coin and

specie (normally a privilege controlled by the Crown).

When the firm was dissolved, all interested parties

wanted to know where the money went. The answers

lie in the papers of Panton, Leslie and Co., which

occupy some 150 shelf-feet, now divided between the

University of West Florida and heirs and descendants

in Mobile, New Orleans and elsewhere. But since the

founding principle of the enterprise was barter, it is

doubtful whether any great fortune was banked. The

demise of this great Sephardic-Scots trading firm had

the unusual side-effect of giving birth, posthu-

mously, to an American Indian tribe: the Poarch

Band of Creek Indians was recognized by the federal

government of the United States in 1986 under a

charter granted to Panton, Leslie in the last days of

the royal Spanish superintendency (Sutton 1991).

 

11. Dubhglas, Dubhgal (pronounced Doov-GLAS

and Doov-GALL). Dubh does mean black, but we

have not found that gall or glas means “stranger” in

the Gaelic language. Glas is normally translated as

“gray.” The element -gall is probably better rendered

as a patronymic “from Gaul.” Both MacDougall and

Douglas arms show ships arriving from foreign lands,

and lions, usually an association with the East.

 

12. The etymologies of the name are contradic-

tory, some taking it back to the Pontic king Gordius

and the Gordian knot famously cut by Alexander the

Great (Graves 1996, pp. 263-64), others to the river

Jordan, often adopted as a surname by Jews in exile.

Perhaps significant is the fact that the best-known

chronicler of the origins and deeds of the Goths,

around 550 C.E., was Jordanes, or Jornandes, an Arian

Scythian of a foreign family of court officials who

adopted his name in honor of the river Jordan when

he converted to Christianity (Hodgkin 2000, pp.

577-583). He may have been Jewish by origin. In

France, the name seems to have become confused

with Jarden (“garden”), based on the root *gards, a

Visigothic word for “yard, ” also a term for territory

and administrative units. In Spanish, G and / have

the same value, and Jordan became a common name

for medieval Jews and later Crypto-Jews. In Italian,

the name also starts with a G, i.e. Giordano.

 

13. Available at < http: //www.tartans.com >.

 

14. In addition to Lombard Hall, there was also a

Jacob Hall and a Moses Hall. The Jewish mercantile

quarter in Philadelphia was also named Lombard

Street. The Lumbee Tribe of American Indians was

named after the town in Robeson County, N.C., that

was their center, now Lumberton, perhaps originally

Lumbard-ton. This county today is about one-third

Indian in its population. It received its name from

the Scots Robinson (“son of Rueben”) family that

also produced Maj. James Robertson, a trustee of the

Watauga Association and founder of Nashville in

Tennessee (1742-1814). Locklear and Newberry are

Lumbee names (see appendix A).

 

15. See also appendix B, “Naming and Jewish

Priest-Kings.”

 

16. The utter silence about Jews in the records of

Henry I is strange (Tovey 1738, pp. 10-11). There

seems to have been an official obliteratio memoriae

in his reign. His brother and predecessor William

Rufus “was said to have set up a debate between the

scholars of the London Jewry and his bishops, and

joked that if the Jews had the better of the argument,

he would convert” (Crouch 2002, p. 139).

 

1 7. Douai, a medieval capital of Flanders, may be

a locative form of “David” (“David’s Town”).

 

Chapter 4

 

1. The authors of this account “telescope” his-

tory and confuse the Albigensian and Waldensian

sects which were prominent in the 13th and 14th cen-

turies with the Protestant Reformation, which did

not begin until the 1400s. Communities of French

Jews were established in Piedmont 1390- 1430, join-

ing Jews from Rome (Barnavi 1992, p. 126).

 

2. This portion of the story is difficult to under-

stand, as returning to Spain in the midst of the

Inquisition would have meant death for Jews, Protes-

tant “heretics, ” or Muslims. Perhaps the Caldwells

were granted special status as foreigners. There were

windows of opportunity for Jews from Spain and

Portugal. For instance, Henri II issued letters patent

in August 1550 for Portuguese New Christians to set-

tle in France (renewed in 1574 by Henri III). And

Charles V, who ruled both Spain and the Holy

Roman Empire, granted the “Great Privilege” to the

Jews of the German Empire in 1544. Between 1506

and 1531 there was a “period of grace” during which

New Christians were allowed to leave Portugal and

many immigrants chose to resettle in the Ottoman

Empire ( Barnavi 1992).

 

3. “Origin of the Caldwell Name, ” < http: //www.

geocities.com/Heartland/Estates/6455/history.html>.

 

4. The name of a synagogue in Wolhynia, Kahwel

(in the Ukraine ), appears on a metal Jewish col-

lection vessel which Joseph, son of the Paris rabbi

Jechiel, offered for a Zionist movement in 12th cen-

tury England (Tovey 1738, pp. 248-51). “The famous

Bodleian Bowl found in a Norfolk marsh [about

1698], with a long Hebrew inscription, was probably

the gift of R. Joseph b. Yechiel, who had intended to

emigrate to Palestine, but, on his appointment in

1209 as Archpresbyter of the English Jews, had to

abandon his intention. The purpose of the bowl was

probably for the collection of subscriptions for the

pilgrims. The pilgrimage may have been inspired

by the messianic hopes of the Jews of the time, who,

by a calculation based on Daniel, had been led to

expect the advent of the Messiah in 1211 or 1216. Of

the three hundred pilgrims, many settled in Pales-

tine, and we meet with their descendants for gener-

ations later” (Adler 1987, p. xv). This may be the

source of the Caldwell name and a record of the pre-

vious emigrations of this family. If so Caldwell has

nothing to do with Cold Well, as suggested by some,

and was not English in its origin, but ultimately

derives from Kahwel. Going further, the origin of

the Albigensian and Waldensian communities in

northern Italy lay among the Cathars and Bulgari-

ans, leading us, again, to the Eastern Visigothic cul-

tural area. Thus, the German word for “heretic” is

kertzer “Khazar.” The Khazars were a large, central

Asian convert population that significantly swelled

the numbers of Ashkenazic Jews from the 12th cen-

tury onward.

 

5. “Communita Ebraica di Casale Monferrato, ”

< http: //www.menorah.it/qqcasale/indice. htm >.

 

6. Perhaps originally Casale (an important Pied-

montese Jewish community ), filtered through French.

 

7. There is a Portuguese Jewish merchant fam-

ily by this name in Colombo, Sri Lanka (Orizio 2000,

p. 32).

 

8. < http: //home.talkcity.com/DeckDr/big-

james7/irishhuganoautimigration.html>.

 

9. See also the discussion in chapter 2.

 

10. Extracted from the Alexander GenForum on-

line.

 

1 1. See Donald N. Panther-Yates, “You Will Never

Find the Truth, ” online article archived at Melun-

geons.com, < http: //www.melungeons.com/articles/

march2003a.htm>.

 

12. And perhaps even Anders and Andrews.

 

13. The term was used of the Temple Sisterhood

in Primitive Baptist Churches of the Holston Asso-

ciation in Tennessee (Denton n.d., p. 51).

 

14. On which, see chapter 2.

 

 

Notes — Chapter 5

 

 

239

 

 

Chapter 5

 

1. E.g., “There is... no doubt whatsoever that

William I was responsible for the influx of a large

crowd of Jews into England. They came from

Rouen.” (Ludovici 1938). Cf. Tovey 1967; Jacobs s.v.

“England” in the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906-1911).

 

2. “II y eut sans doute, en Gaule, des emigres

juifs qui remont£ rent le Rhone et la Sadne, et

servirent en quelque sorte de levain; mais il y eut

aussi une foule de gens qui se rattacherent au

juda'isme par conversion et qui n’avaient pas un seul

ancetre en Palestine. Et quand on pense que les juiv-

eries d’Allemagne et d’Angleterre son venues de

France, on se prend a regretter de n’ avoir pas plus de

donnees sur les origins du juda’isme dans notre pays.

On verrait probablement que le Juif des Gaules du

temps de Gontran et de Chilperic n’etait, le plus sou-

vent, qu’un Gaulois professant la religion israelite.

(“... there was a mass of people who embraced

Judaism through conversion and who didn’t have a

single ancestor in Palestine.... probably the Jew of

the Gauls of the time period of Gontrand and Chil-

deric, in most cases, was nothing more than a Gaul

professing the religion of Israel.”)

 

3. Compare the description in Cunliffe of the

trade routes across the “neck” of southern France

from Narbonne to Bordeaux and of the Roman roads

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