Who, What, Why: In which countries is Coca-Cola not sold?

Look through the sentences and decide which of them are True (T) or False (F).

a) At the moment Coca-Cola is unsold in Burma.

b) Coca-Cola's entry into any country is a powerful symbol of change.

c) There are now three countries where Coca-Cola cannot be officially sold: China, North Korea and Cuba.

d) The drink was created in 1886 in California.

e) The rise of Coca-Cola came as a result of World War II.

f) During the Cold War it was not produced in the Soviet Union.

g) The main region where Coca-Cola historically has struggled to get in is the Middle East.

h) Coca-Cola tries to follow political trends.

i) All nations are tolerant to the brand of Coca-Cola.

j) Coca-Cola has high sales in developing markets of China, Brazil and India.

 

Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.

a) After its rival announced the news, _______ has also decided to restart sales in Burma

1. Coca-Cola

2. PepsiCo

b) _______was one of the first three countries outside the US to bottle Coca-Cola.

1. China

2. Cuba

c) In _______- the Coca-Cola-free zone - recent media reports suggested it was being sold in a restaurant.

1. the North Korea

2. Burma

d) After 10 years of negotiations, Coca-Cola entered the market of _______again in 1979.

1. India

2. China

e) Coca-Cola was an official sponsor for the World Ice Hockey Championship in _______ in 1979.

1. Moscow

2. Vietnam

f) By 1900s the company was bottling the drink in _______ and Europe.

1. Asia

2. Canada

g) Dwight Eisenhower liked the drink and he made sure it was available in _______.

1. Latin America

2. North Africa

h) It was the _______ who first used the offensive term "coca-colonisation" in the 1950s.

1. Germans

2. French

i) The first drink was served at a _______in Atlanta.

1. restaurant

2. pharmacy

i) Coca-Cola expanded to Asia and a bottling plant appeared in _______in 1912.

1. the Philippines

2. Vietnam

k) In 2003, activists in _______poured Coca-Cola onto the streets as a protest against the US-led invasion of Iraq, and sales temporarily fell down.

1. Thailand

2. the USA

 

Match the words from the left column with their definitions from the right.

1. profit	A. a tradename used to identify a specific product, manufacturer, or distributor
2. growth	B. the use of resources to make goods or services which have value
3. consultant	C. an illegal market for a particular good or service
4. brand	D. discussions aimed at reaching an agreement
5. negotiations	E. one that finances a project or an event carried out by another person or group
6. black market	F. an outside specialist hired by an enterprise to advise on particular technical, commercial, or legal aspects of its activities
7. production	G. the economic system based on private property and private enterprise
8. market	H. income derived from property or an investment, as contrasted with capital gains
9. capitalism	I. a place or institution in which buyers and sellers of a good or asset meet
10. sponsor	J. an increase in an economic variable, normally persisting over successive periods

Fill in the gaps using the words from the text.

(sanctions, delivery, restart, trade, expand, provide, local, crucial, available, introduce)

a) Can companies use (….) services to bring goods to their customers?

b) When launching a product abroad, (….) demands can be one of the most important factors to think of.

c) Economic, social and political importance of a country depends on its international (….).

d) A company needs to (….) more funds for this project to attract attention of the investors.

e) The development of the infrastructure is a (….) problem for our country.

f) During the meeting our partners weren`t allowed to (….) their ideas.

g) After a great failure he had enough powers to (….) his business.

h) To make the product (….) for the clients a business can organise a wide advertising campaign.

i) Not to sell some goods at its domestic market a country need to apply economic (….).

j) Any small business waits for a definite moment to (….).

 

Time management

The aim of managing your time is to spend time doing the things that help you toachieve your goals and the things that you personally prioritize and value.

Time management is straightforward - but it takes time. This guide aims to help you toprepare the ground for effective time management and then devise a workable system for yourself which meets your needs.

Before you begin to organise your time you need to think in a structured way. Identify what is important to you: friends? family? dependants? paid work? getting a good degree? socializing? your health? Rank them in order from 1-10. This will help you prioritize the time you give to things you most value and things which will help you achieve your goals. Then you can divide a realistic amount of time to each.

Student A is enjoying his first year. He has a lot of friends and a great social life. But this doesn't leave much time for work. A is anxious and guilty about this and to avoid these feelings he spends even more time going out. Looking at his priorities helps A torecognise that although his friends are important for him he also wants a good degree. Prioritizing enables him to plan the amount of time he spends on work. He can now socialize without feeling guilty.

Try to be realistic and definite about them. Identify what needs to be done, when, how, who by? Major goals often need to be divided up into several steps which can be redefined as short-term goals.

Student B is a perfectionist. She works all the time as she finds it hard to be realistic about how much she has to do. Her goals are vaguely defined as "I should work harder" or "I must do better". Because she feels that nothing she does is good enough, B doesn't know when to stop, so she ends up feeling overwhelmed. Identifying her goals enables B to feel more in control of her time: "I want to get a first - what do I need to do to achieve one" is more specific than "I must work harder". Being more realistic enables B to build in time to relax and she can work more effectively.

A systematic approach will help you toidentify your strengths and help you identify where improvements can be made. Start by keeping a diary and include notes on: how long did it take you to get started? / did you prioritize? / did you put things off? / can you say "no" when you need to? / were you easily distracted by others? / is your desk always untidy? / are you able to focus and concentrate on the task? / do you make plans and lists?

Student C leaves everything to the last minute. For C this is an attempt to deal with anxiety about his work since it gives him no time to worry about whether it is good enough. However putting things off is actually very stressful and C encounters difficulties over more complex, long term projects or if a last minute crisis occurs. Using a more systematic approach helps C tofeel more in control and as a result more able to deal constructively with his anxieties about his work.

Identifying how you spend your time can help you tosee if you use it productively. List the things you have to do, such as lectures, paid work, child care arrangements etc. Once you have established these fixtures note other activities you want to include, such as visits to the gym, breaks, meetings, study time and time with friends. Are you realistic about what you can fit in? Are you studying at the best time for you? Do you spend time worrying rather than tackling things?

Every day Student D means to get up at 8.00am and start work, but other things always seem more important. The longer she puts it off, the huger and moreunmanageable her assignment seems. When D stops to look it is clear how much time she wastes. She also recognises that she actually works better at night. Restructuring her day so that she fits in other things in the morning leaves the evening free to study.

Different systems work for different people but if you want the best out of yourself in the time you have available do give them a try. Start by buying a useful tool, a personal diary or organiser and use it.

Allocate time every day to organise your activities and forward plan. Some students do this first thing, others at the end of the day. Divide your activities into categories. Then make a list and rank them in order 1-10 in terms of importance and urgency.

Defining what is important to you is crucial because good time management is spending time achieving your goals. Include time to relax and socialize: "all work and no play" will not help you meet your goals. If you build in time to have fun you will be more effective.

Reviewing the way you spend time may have revealed time wasted on tasks which were low on your list of priorities. Ideally less time should be allocated to those and more time to those items higher up.

Look carefully at what must be done today, should be done today, can be put off until tomorrow or that someone else can do. Make planning your time a part of your routine.

Get started and avoid procrastinating which can lead to increased anxiety.

Create a work area which allows you to spread out, which is tidy, well lit and warm. This means that each time you return to it you are ready to start and feel more organised.

Get into a routine of studying at set times. Others around you need to know when you are working and don't wish to be interrupted. It is useful to identify how much time you need for different types of work: writing essays or research need chunks of time, and a lot of concentration. Other tasks can be fitted in to odd moments or times when your concentration is poor.

Break the task up into manageable portions so that you don't feel so daunted by it.

Avoid spending an unreasonable amount of time on one thing at the expense of others. It is better to hand work in on time, even though it may not meet your exacting standards.

 When someone asks you to do something, see it in terms of taking time away from something else. Your answer might be "no", but you might meet your own goals.

Avoid saying "yes" to something that is unimportant just because it seems far away. The same amount of effort will be needed whether the task is done today or next month.

Tackle something you want to avoid now rather than tomorrow. This frees your mind and allows you to concentrate more efficiently.

Reward yourself for time well spent by planning an activity you will enjoy.

Decide a time to finish as well as start so you know when you are free for other activities.

http://www.brookes.ac.uk/student/services/health/time.html

 

6)

7)

3)

Who, What, Why: In which countries is Coca-Cola not sold?

After almost 60 years, Coca-Cola is on sale again in Burma. It's one of the world's most recognized brands, so are there any countries where the drinks giant is still unsold?

Coca-Cola says it sells 1.8 billion servings of the drink every day. But for the last six decades, none has been in Burma. That's because of US trade sanctions which ruled the country from 1962 to 2011.Those sanctions ended a few months ago, as the country began to move towards democratic reforms.

But the company said on Monday its first delivery had arrived and local production would begin soon.Coca-Cola's entry into any country is a powerful symbol, says Tom Standage, author of A History of the World in Six Glasses."The moment Coca-Cola starts shipping is the moment you can say there will be real change here," he says. "Coca-Cola is the nearest thing to capitalism in a bottle."Coca-Cola's rival PepsiCo has also announced plans to restart sales in Burma.

There are now just two countries in the world where Coca-Cola cannot be bought or sold - at least, not officially. They are Cuba and North Korea, which are both under long-term US trade embargoes (Cuba since 1962 and North Korea since 1950). Cuba was actually one of the first three countries outside the US to bottle Coke, in 1906.But the company moved out as Fidel Castro's government wanted to reduce private assets in the 1960s, and has never returned.In North Korea - the other Coca-Cola-free zone - recent media reports suggested it was being sold in a restaurant in Pyongyang. But Coca-Cola says if any drinks are being sold in either North Korea or Cuba, they are from the black market, not from official channels.

After 10 years of negotiations, Coca-Cola re-entered the market of China in 1979. Official sponsor for the World Ice Hockey Championship in Moscow in 1979 was Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola re-launched in 1993 in India a parade through central Calcutta. The US lifted its embargo in Vietnam in 1994 and Coca-Cola returned soon after.

The dark fizzy soda was created in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia. From the early days the Coca-Cola Company wanted to expand worldwide, and by the early 1900s it was bottling the drink in Asia and Europe.

But the big rise came as a result of World War II when Coca-Cola was provided to US troops abroad. There were more than 60 military bottling plants for Coca-Cola around the world during the war, and local people liked the drink too.It became powerfully associated with American patriotism, and was seen as so crucial to the war effort that it was free from sugar rationing.

Dwight Eisenhower, at the time the supreme commander of Allied forces in Europe, was said to be a particular fan and he made sure it was available in North Africa. He also introduced the drink to top Soviet general, Georgy Zhukov.

These days Coca-Cola is regularly ranked as one of the top global brands.

"It has always been connected with the American dream," says Bruce Webster, an independent branding consultant who has done work for the Coca-Cola Company in the past.

But not all countries wanted to accept the Americanness that seems to be presented by Coca-Cola.It was the French who first usedthe offensive term "coca-colonisation" in the 1950s. Trucks were overturned and bottles smashed, says Standage, as protesters saw the drink as a danger to French society.

During the Cold War, Coca-Cola became a symbol of capitalism and a special mark of capitalism that communism didn`t have, says Webster. It was notproduced in the Soviet Union because of the fear that profits would go straight into communist government`s hands, says Standage.

When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, many East Germans bought Coca-Cola. Drinking Coca-Cola became a symbol of freedom.

Other than the Soviet Union, the main region that Coca-Cola has struggled to get in historically is the Middle East. The main reason is a boycott made by the Arab League from 1968-1991, as a punishment for the selling of Coca-Cola in Israel.

The first Coca-Cola was served in 1886 as a pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia.

Canada, Cuba and Panama became the first countries outside the US to bottle it in 1906.Coca-Cola expanded to Asia, opened a bottling plant in the Philippines in 1912, and then in Paris and Bordeaux in 1919. By 1930 Coca-Cola was bottled in 27 countries around the world. By 1959, it was operating in over 100 countries.

Pepsi took a lot of the sales in the Middle East - and many local versions of the drink appeared.

“Coca-Cola is not trying to be involved in politics,” says Webster, “but as a huge brand so closely associated with the US, it sometimes finds itself in politics and in criticism.”

"The whole strength of the brand is connected with a way of life that so many people wanted. And sometimes those associations become unattractive," he says.

“In 2003, protesters in Thailand poured Coca-Cola onto the streets as a demonstration against the US-led invasion of Iraq, and sales were temporarily reduced,” says Standage.

Iran's president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has promised to ban Coca-Cola and Venezuela's Hugo Chavez recently asked people to drink locally-made fruit juice rather than drink Coca-Cola or Pepsi.

But 126 years after its birth, Coca-Cola is still pushing forward in terms of sales, with strong growth - especially, it says, in the developing markets of India, China and Brazil.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19550067

 

 

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