Match the words from the left column with their definitions from the right.

1. decade	A. an action of recording or noting in a roll or list
2. outplacement	B. instruction, esp. that isreceived in a small group or individually
3. enrollment	C. having ability, esp in many different fields
4. treadmill	D. the act of working with another or others on a joint project
5. tuition	E. people who work from home using equipment such as telephones, fax machines, and modems to contact the people they work with and their customers
6. aggressively	F. the provision of assistance for laid-off employees in finding new employment, either as a benefit provided by the employer directly, or through a specialist service
7. capable	G. the process of a recession
8. collaboration	H. having or showing much energy in some activity
9. teleworkers	I. a period of ten consecutive years
10. ebb	J. an exercise machine that consists of a continuous moving belt on which to walk or jog

 

 

Fill in the gaps using the word-combinations from the text.

(work-life balance, degree programs,fastest-growing segment, business training consultancy, cubicles, the aging population, productivity-improving instruments, office gyms, talent pool, problem-solving abilities).

a) The government should take better care of (…) because they are very vulnerable to economic and political crises.

b) You need to address to (….) and your employees might be made more competent.

c) In the future there will be a lot of (….) to help people do their work faster.

d) Employers want to keep their workers in good shape, that’s why they may install (….).

e) Employers will be forced to create their own (…) to develop potential future employees.

f) The Harvard University is a real (….), students there may be really very capable.

g) In an effort to improve employee collaboration, productivity and efficiency, there will be made special (….) with open community spaces.

h) Millions of people around the world have and will have a desire to combine properly life and work, to have a (….).

i) Many employers might want to hire people with (….) because in terms of a tough competition every employee has to be capable of quickly dealing with problems.

j) In 20 years time hi-tech might not be the (….) of the market.

 

Complete the sentences (1-10) with suitable endings (a-h).

In two years time employers	some companies may hold degrees for future students.
If the staff is not flexible enough now	the government will have to raise taxes.
Modern employees with unhealthy habits like smoking and drinking don`t even suspect that someday	there will be more teleworkers.
The way we work has changed dramatically over the past two decades	will be vital for every employee.
To get a highly skilled staff	employers might redesign cucbicles so that people could communicate more freely.
Those who must work from a traditional office	might need only freelancers.
Because of the growing number of aging population	and it will bear further transformation.
To make offices of the future more comfortable	it may be totally uncapable in 5 years.
In 10 years time being aware of technological know-how	will get smaller results than a “work wherever and whenever you want” employee.
In case people work at home	employers might take measures against them.

 

 

Business Result

Reading Comprehension

Unit 14.Time.

Text 1. (Pre-Intermediate)

 

Time management

The aim of managing your time is to spend time doing the things that help you toachieve your goals and the things that you personally prioritize and value.

Time management is straightforward - but it takes time. This guide aims to help you toprepare the ground for effective time management and then devise a workable system for yourself which meets your needs.

Before you begin to organise your time you need to think in a structured way. Identify what is important to you: friends? family? dependants? paid work? getting a good degree? socializing? your health? Rank them in order from 1-10. This will help you prioritize the time you give to things you most value and things which will help you achieve your goals. Then you can divide a realistic amount of time to each.

Student A is enjoying his first year. He has a lot of friends and a great social life. But this doesn't leave much time for work. A is anxious and guilty about this and to avoid these feelings he spends even more time going out. Looking at his priorities helps A torecognise that although his friends are important for him he also wants a good degree. Prioritizing enables him to plan the amount of time he spends on work. He can now socialize without feeling guilty.

Try to be realistic and definite about them. Identify what needs to be done, when, how, who by? Major goals often need to be divided up into several steps which can be redefined as short-term goals.

Student B is a perfectionist. She works all the time as she finds it hard to be realistic about how much she has to do. Her goals are vaguely defined as "I should work harder" or "I must do better". Because she feels that nothing she does is good enough, B doesn't know when to stop, so she ends up feeling overwhelmed. Identifying her goals enables B to feel more in control of her time: "I want to get a first - what do I need to do to achieve one" is more specific than "I must work harder". Being more realistic enables B to build in time to relax and she can work more effectively.

A systematic approach will help you toidentify your strengths and help you identify where improvements can be made. Start by keeping a diary and include notes on: how long did it take you to get started? / did you prioritize? / did you put things off? / can you say "no" when you need to? / were you easily distracted by others? / is your desk always untidy? / are you able to focus and concentrate on the task? / do you make plans and lists?

Student C leaves everything to the last minute. For C this is an attempt to deal with anxiety about his work since it gives him no time to worry about whether it is good enough. However putting things off is actually very stressful and C encounters difficulties over more complex, long term projects or if a last minute crisis occurs. Using a more systematic approach helps C tofeel more in control and as a result more able to deal constructively with his anxieties about his work.

Identifying how you spend your time can help you tosee if you use it productively. List the things you have to do, such as lectures, paid work, child care arrangements etc. Once you have established these fixtures note other activities you want to include, such as visits to the gym, breaks, meetings, study time and time with friends. Are you realistic about what you can fit in? Are you studying at the best time for you? Do you spend time worrying rather than tackling things?

Every day Student D means to get up at 8.00am and start work, but other things always seem more important. The longer she puts it off, the huger and moreunmanageable her assignment seems. When D stops to look it is clear how much time she wastes. She also recognises that she actually works better at night. Restructuring her day so that she fits in other things in the morning leaves the evening free to study.

Different systems work for different people but if you want the best out of yourself in the time you have available do give them a try. Start by buying a useful tool, a personal diary or organiser and use it.

Allocate time every day to organise your activities and forward plan. Some students do this first thing, others at the end of the day. Divide your activities into categories. Then make a list and rank them in order 1-10 in terms of importance and urgency.

Defining what is important to you is crucial because good time management is spending time achieving your goals. Include time to relax and socialize: "all work and no play" will not help you meet your goals. If you build in time to have fun you will be more effective.

Reviewing the way you spend time may have revealed time wasted on tasks which were low on your list of priorities. Ideally less time should be allocated to those and more time to those items higher up.

Look carefully at what must be done today, should be done today, can be put off until tomorrow or that someone else can do. Make planning your time a part of your routine.

Get started and avoid procrastinating which can lead to increased anxiety.

Create a work area which allows you to spread out, which is tidy, well lit and warm. This means that each time you return to it you are ready to start and feel more organised.

Get into a routine of studying at set times. Others around you need to know when you are working and don't wish to be interrupted. It is useful to identify how much time you need for different types of work: writing essays or research need chunks of time, and a lot of concentration. Other tasks can be fitted in to odd moments or times when your concentration is poor.

Break the task up into manageable portions so that you don't feel so daunted by it.

Avoid spending an unreasonable amount of time on one thing at the expense of others. It is better to hand work in on time, even though it may not meet your exacting standards.

 When someone asks you to do something, see it in terms of taking time away from something else. Your answer might be "no", but you might meet your own goals.

Avoid saying "yes" to something that is unimportant just because it seems far away. The same amount of effort will be needed whether the task is done today or next month.

Tackle something you want to avoid now rather than tomorrow. This frees your mind and allows you to concentrate more efficiently.

Reward yourself for time well spent by planning an activity you will enjoy.

Decide a time to finish as well as start so you know when you are free for other activities.

http://www.brookes.ac.uk/student/services/health/time.html

 

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