Put in chronological order. Tell the value of each. Which of them were recovered?

.... the Vincent Van Gogh Museum theft

.... the Munch Museum theft

.... the Drumlanrig Castle theft

.... the Museu Chacara do Ceu theft

.... the Stockholm's waterfront National Museum theft

.... the Kunsthal art gallery theft

.... a private museum in Zurich theft

.... the Paris home of the artist's granddaughter theft

.... the Paris modern art museum theft

5. Match the evidence the police found to what happened to the victim:

The evidence	The victim had been
1 A gun	a. beaten to death
2 A knife	b. poisoned
3 A baseball bat	c. drowned
4 Marks around his throat	d. stabbed
5 Something in his drink	e. shot
6 The body was in the swimming pool	f. strangled

Read and translate the text.

Text C

Drug Crimes

A drug is any biological substance that is consumed for non-dietary or non-medical purposes. In the United States, drugs are categorized as legal or illegal. Illegal drugs include, but are not limited to: marijuana, heroin, cocaine, LSD, Ecstasy, or unauthorized prescription drugs like Vicodin. State and federal statues strictly prohibit the use, manufacture, or distribution of all illegal drugs. If a person uses, sells, possesses, or manufactures an illegal drug, he/she can be charged with a drug crime.

Drug crimes are very serious in nature and should never be taken lightly. A person who is charged with a drug crime faces life-changing legal consequences. Due to a continual increase in drug related crimes, the state and federal government have adopted firmer drug laws and legal punishments.

Types of Drug Crimes

There are many types of drug crimes. The most common drug crimes in Massachusetts include: drug possession, drug possession with intent to sale, drug manufacturing, and drug distribution.

• Drug possession is the crime of having one or more illegal narcotics in one’s possession for personal use, for sale, or for distribution.
• Drug possession with intent to distribute is the crime of having one or more illegal narcotics in one’s possession with the intention of selling the narcotics. If a person is found guilty of drug possession with intent to sell to a minor (person below the legal age of 18), he/she faces enhanced criminal charges and sentencing.
• Drug manufacturing is the crime of producing unlawful controlled substances.
• Drug distribution is the crime of smuggling, transporting, or delivering illegal narcotics.

The Early Stages of Drug Prohibition

The first anti-opium laws in the 1870s were directed at Chinese immigrants. The first anti-cocaine laws, in the South in the early 1900s, were directed at black men. The first anti-marijuana laws, in the Midwest and the Southwest in the 1910s and 20s, were directed at Mexican migrants and Mexican Americans. Today, Latino and especially black communities are still subject to wildly disproportionate drug enforcement and sentencing practices.

 

7. Use these words to complete the text:

soft hard possession

barons pushers decriminalise

 

In most western countries drugs are becoming a bigger and bigger social problem. Many young people see nothing wrong with (1)............. drugs such as cannabis. Experts worry that if they experiment with drugs at all, (2)............... soon move them on to (3)............. drugs. It is quite easy for the police to arrest pushers, but it is much more difficult to catch the powerful drug (4)............... who control the trade. Some people believe that it would be better to (5)............... the (6).............. of soft drugs and to concentrate police efforts on the highly organised gangs who control heroin and cocaine smuggling.

 

Unit 3 ECONOMICAL CRIMES

 

Wrongdoing

PARADISO FINANCIAL SERVICES

Regulatory Authority

We regulate financial services: our job is to prevent financial wrongdoing and punish wrongdoers. Insider dealing or insider trading: someone buys or sells securities using information that is not publicly available. Chinese walls are measures that you can take to stop knowledge in one department of your company being illegally used by another department to buy or sell shares for example. Price fixing: a group of companies in the same market secretly agree to fix prices at a certain level, so they do not have to compete with each other. Market rigging: a group of investors work together to stop a financial market functioning as it should, to gain an advantage for themselves.

 

Bribery and corruption

An illegal payment to persuade someone to do something is a bribe, or informally a backhander (BrE only), kickback or sweetener. To bribe someone is bribery. Someone who receives bribes is corrupt and involved in corruption. This is informally known as sleaze, especially in politics.

Fraud and embezzlement

'I'm Sam Woo. I've been a fraud squad detective for 20 years and I've seen a lot! Once, a gang counterfeited millions of banknotes in a garage. We found US$10 million in counterfeit notes. They were very good quality. Counterfeiting or forgery of banknotes was a problem, but now all the forgers are in jail.

Faking luxury goods like Rolex watches was also a problem, but we're working hard to close workshops where fakes arc made.

There have been bad cases of fraud where someone offers to lend money, but demands that the borrower pays a " fee" before they get the loan. People can be stupid. And there's embezzlement, a type of fraud where someone illegally gets money from their employer. One accountant sent false invoices to the company he worked for, and paid money from his company into bank accounts of false companies he had " created". He embezzled $2 million - quite a scam.

There used to be a lot of racketeers demanding " protection money" from businesses. If they didn't pay, their businesses were burnt down.

Money laundering, hiding the illegal origin of money, is common - gangsters buy property with money from drugs. When they sell the property, the money becomes " legal". But banks now help by telling us when someone makes a large cash deposit.'

Answer the questions using expressions.

1 Two ferry companies with ferries on the same route secretly meet in order to
decide the prices they will charge next summer. What are they guilty of?

2 A company that wants to keep its share price high makes secret payments to
investors who buy its shares. What are the company and the investors guilty of?

3 A rich businessman lends $1 million to a politician so that he can buy a house. The politician pays no interest on the loan and does not mention it when asked to give a complete account of his finances. Which word, used especially about politicians, do people use to talk about this?

4 Specialists in one department of a financial institution are advising Company X on a merger with another company. In another department of the financial
institution, traders hear about this and buy large numbers of Company X's
shares. What are they guilty of? (2 expressions) What should the financial
institution do to prevent this?

5 A company selling weapons to a foreign government makes secret payments to politicians who make decisions on which companies to buy arms from. What could these payments be called? (4 expressions) What is the company and the government guilty of? (2 expressions)

 

2. Match the words on the left with those on the right:

1. the black a. £ 10 note

2. a forged b. goods

3. stolen c. market

4. tax d. limit

5. the legal e. evasion

 

3. Use the expression from Exercise 2 in one of these sentences:

1 My brother's lost his driving licence. He was three times over.............., so he was lucky to get away with only a two-year ban.

2 The police say that if everybody refused to buy.............., it would help to reduce the number of burglaries.

3 It's quite easy to buy tapes of new films on...............

4 The Government loses millions of pounds a year because of...............

5 Somebody gave me.............. in my change yesterday.

 

Unit 4 PUNISHMENT

 

There are a number of different types of punishments that the states and federal government can use against convicted criminals. These punishments run the gamut from community service to the death penalty. Punishment is used against criminals for a number of different reasons.

Fines

Monetary fines are the most common form of punishment imposed by judges because most cases are either traffic infractions or non-violent violations of criminal laws. Judges may decide how much the fine should be. If the law sets a minimum or a maximum fine for a particular offense, the judge orders payment of a fine within that range.

Probation

Probation is an alternative to incarceration. Probation permits the sentencing judge to impose conditions on the convicted person's release. Ordering the convicted person to refrain from the use of drugs and alcohol or to attend counseling are examples of conditions a judge can impose. The probation officer assigned to the case supervises the convicted offender to make certain the conditions are being met. Rehabilitation is the ultimate goal of probation supervision. The period of probation supervision a judge may impose is established by the sentencing laws of each state. Generally, probation is three years for a misdemeanor and five years for a felony. A person who is doing well on probation may be recommended for early release from supervision by his probation officer.

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