REVISION EXERCISES ON TENSE AND VOICE

(TO UNITS ONE—THREE)

Ex. 1, p, 434

a. 1. The Present Indefinite (PI) (am) is used to denote a present state, and the Present Continuous (PC) (are coming) is used to express a planned future action. 2. The PC (are chattering) serves to express an action in progress at the moment of speaking. The PI (is) is used to denote a present gtate. 3. The PC (am telling) is used to show that th« speaker thinks that the action takes place too often and is annoyed by that- Such adverbials as always, constantly, all the time, forever, etc. are obligatory in sentences of this kind. 4. The PC (is working) is used to express an action going on in the present period of time. 5. The PI (are) is used to denote a present state. 6. The PI is used to denote an action going on at the present moment because the verb hear is not used in Continuous tenses. 7. The PI (is) is used to denote a future action in a conditional clause. 8. The PI is used to denote a present state (believe) and a future action in a time clause (spends).

b. 1. " What do you think of thi£ drawing? " — " I think it is excellent." 2. A holiday camp usual ly has its own swimming-pool and tennis courts. 3. She is playing tonight. 4. Do you like to spend your holidays with hundreds of otlier people? 5. " What are you listening to? " — " It seems to me I #ear a strange noise outside." 6. " Are you reading anything in ^English now? " — " Yes, I'm reading a play by Oscar Wilde." 7. I'll join them in their trip with pleasure if they invite me. 8. I don't what you are driving at. 9. Did you enjoy the trip? 10. " Can J see Doctor Trench? " — " I'm sorry you can't; he is havinghis breakfast." 11.1 don't like the girl; she la continually bothering me with g'illy questions. 12. Please wait till he finishes. 13. " Nell la having a rest in the south too, I guess." —

" Yes, you guess right." 14. " Do you often get letters from her? " — " Not so very often."

Ex. 2, p. 435

1.1 hear he is writing a new book. 2.1 am told he does some translating from German. 3. I hear he is recovering/getting better. 4. I hear you are going to leave us. 5. I hear they have returned from Great Britain. 6. I'm told that you made an interesting report yesterday. 7. He has already left for St. Petersburg, I hear. 8.1 hear he sings well. 9.1 (can) hear him singing in the next room. 10. We are told that they are coming the day after tomorrow. 11.1 hear yon have received a letter from your friend Mario. 12. Jane is having a very good time at the seaside, I hear.

Ex. 3, p. 435

a. 1. The Present Perfect is used to express a past action which has a clear result in the present. It can be called the Present Perfect Resultative. 2. The Present Perfect is used to denote an action that began in the past, continued for some time and has just stopped (the Present Perfect Resultative). 3. The Present Perfect Continuous is used to denote an acion which was in progress quite recently and affects the present situation. This may be called the Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive. 4. The Present Perfect Resultative/Exclusive (haven't yet said) is used to express a past action connected with the present through its result. The Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive (have been waiting) is used to denote an action of some duration which began at some moment in the past and has just stopped.

b. 1. " How long have you been here? " she demanded angrily. 2. This pair of shoes is just what I have, been looking for to match my new frock. 3. I want you to remember that I have never asked youforanythingbefore. 4. " What's that noise? " — " Mary hasbroken a tea-cup." 5.1 have been thinking about it the last three days. It's such a bother to me. So it really is a relief to talk it over with you. 6. Listen to me, all of you! I have come with the most tremendous news. 7.1 see you haven't done much. What have you been doing all morning? 8. It's hard to believe that it has been only two years and a half since I met him. 9. " We haven't seen Edward for a long time. Has he changed very much? " — " No, he is just the same." 10. Of course, we trust her. After all, Margaret and I have known Lucy all our lives. 11.1 haven't worn this dress for two years. 12. My watch has been going for three days and it hasn't stopped yet. 13. Jack has gone to Bulgaria for a holiday, I hear. I myself have never been there.

с) 1. Я все хотел поговорить с тобой, Льюис. 2. Она не покупала новой одежды с начала года. 3. После отъезда он написал мне только одно письмо, а я послал ему четыре. 4. Я хочу предложить тебе кое-что. Мы обсуждали это с твоей матерью. 5. Бе-рил тут рассказывала мне совершенно поразительные вещи. Наверняка она преувеличивала. 6. Я пригласил его пообедать у меня в воскресенье. 7. Именно это я старалась вспомнить с тех пор, как познакомилась с ним. 8. «Не может быть, чтобы это было правдой, — подумала она. — Это мне просто снится». 9. Знаешь, эти последние несколько недель я по тебе очень скучал. 10. Боюсь, я не понимаю тебя, Джеральд. Я не передумала. А ты? -«

Ex. 4, р. 436

1. It is half past eight and you haven't done your morning exercises yet. 2. I got up with a headache today and decided to walk to my office instead of taking a bus. Now I am feeling much better. 3. Did you meet any interesting people at the holiday camp? 4. She hasn't had a holiday for two years. 5. Did you enjoy Mary's singing? 6. Where did you buy these lovely gloves? 7. " Where has she gone? Maybe she is in the lab? " — " No, I've just been there. It's locked." 8. Why have/did you shut your book? Please open it again on page ten. 9.1 am sorry. What did you say, Mr. Hartley? 10. His face seems familiar to me. When and where did I see him? 11.1 hear you have just got married. When did the ceremony take place? 12. Old George hasn't been here for years! 13. " Have you read " The Man of Property"? " — " I began the book last week and have just finished it." 14. A few months ago they pulled down some old houses in our street and began to build a new block of flats. 15. Do you remember my name or have you forgotten it? 16. When I called on him, I found that he was out. 17. His first question to the girl was: " Where did you see the man? " 18. What was her answer to your question? 19. Where did you put my umbrella? I need it. 20. He sat there quietly for a while and then left unnoticed.

Ex. 5, p. 437

a. 1. The Past Indefinite (was and seemed) is used to state past! facts (to denote past states), and the Past Perfect (had been) serve to express an action that began before the given moment in th past and continued into it. Since the verb in question to be i stative and cannot be normally used in Continuous forms, th use of the Past Continuous is impossible. 2. The Past Indefinit (went) is used to denote a single past action, and the Pas Continuous (was setting) expresses an action that was in progres at the moment. 3. The Past Indefinite (listened and could not) is used to state past facts, and the Past Continuous (was being said), shows that the action was in progress at the given moment in the; past. 4. The Past Indefinite is used to state a simple fact in the past (was) and a single past action (asked), and the Past Perfect] serves to express an action which preceded the action of the verba! used in the Past Indefinite. 5. The Past Indefinite is used to state! a past fact (to denote a past state) (knew), and the Past Continuous (was going) expresses a planned future action viewed from the past. 6. The Past Indefinite (were written) is used to state a simple fact in the past.

b. 1. It was the poorest room Hilary had seen. 2. No sooner had she arrived at the station than a fast London train came ever. 3. It was decided to say nothing to Sidney until the answer was received/had been received. 4. Arthur went up to his room. Nothing in it had been changed since his arrest. 5. No wonder he was very tired. He had been working too hard for the last three months. 6. I was trembling tike a leaf. 7. Mr. Dennant, accustomed to laugh at other people, did not suspect that he was being laughed at. 8. She said it in a voice he had never heard before. 9. I looked into the kitchen. Mary-Ann was putting the supper on a tray to take it into the dining-room. 10.1 was fifteen and had just come back from school for the summer holiday. 11. It had been raining heavily since morning and she did not allow the children to go out. 12. Soon I got a letter from her to the effect that she was returning from the South of France; she wanted me to meet her. 13. Trafalgar Square was laid about a hundred years ago. 14. I had finished my work for the day and was resting quietly in my armchair, thinking of the days that had gone by. 15. George, who had been laughing loudly, suddenly broke off. 16. When Bamby's mother stood up, her head was hidden among the branches. 17. She had been reading the book ever since she came from school and couldn't tear herself away from it. 18. She had known Jim for more than ten years, ever since her husband, who taught/was teaching/had taught/had been teaching at that time in a Grammar school in London, first made his acquaintance through the Labour Party. 19. He said he had been waiting for more than an hour. 20.1 was sure they had been talking about me, because they had broken off/broke off as soon as I entered. 21. He said he had got/got two letters from Alice. 22. The rain that had been falling since thé morning had ceased by the afternoon, but a strong wind was still blowing and the sky was covered with dark clouds.

Ex. 6, p. 438

1. I hear/I've heard he has recently returned from the Far East. 2. Look here, Tom, I've been wanting to talk to you. 3. We didn't expect/hadn't expected him to come, but he did. 4. He had been ill for two days when the doctor was sent for. 5. I wonder what he thinks abqut it all. 6. Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? 7. The story he has just been telling you is pure invention. 8. He was breathing heavily and could not utter a word. 9.1 have never met him and don't know what he looks like. 10. She put aside the book she had been reading and came up to the window.

1. And now I must go to bed, we are leaving early in the morning.

2. Why have you opened the window? It is very noisy outside.

3. " Have you found the magazine you lost yesterday? " — " Yes, I have." — " And where did you find it? " — " On Father's desk. He had taken it to read in bed before going to sleep." 14. For a minute or so she stared at her father, then turned and walked/ went out of the room. 15. She always asks questions. 16. You are looking/look upset. What have they been talking to you about?

Ex. 7, p. 438

a) 1. The Future Continuous tense (will be sleeping) is used to express an action in progress at a certain moment of time in the future. 2. The Future Perfect (will have worked) is used to denote an action that began before the given moment in the future and will continue up to or into it. 3. The Future Continuous (will be telling) is used to denote a future action expected by the speaker. 4. The Future Indefinite (will try) is used to denote a simple future action in a complex sentence with a clause of time. 5. The Future Perfect (will have forgotten) is used to express an action that will be completed before the given moment in the future. 6. The Futur* Indefinite (will be back) is used to express a simple fact in the future.

b) 1. How you've grown! Good gracious me, you will get moustache soon! 2. I hope you won't have forgotten all this b tomorrow! 3. By next Sunday you will have been staying with u for five weeks. 4. If we don't get there before seven, they will do everything. 5. I will probably want to see the book before he finishes it. 6. You must not eat any solid food until your temperature goes down. 7.1 know you will whisper when Peg ha gone/is gone. You always do. 8. When we got back, they were having supper. 9. Look! The leaves are yellow, they are going to fall soon. 10. While I live, I will always remember his face. 11.1 don't think he will wire before he arrives. 12. Nobody knows when it will all be settled. 13. I'm not sure if he will be glad to see me. 14. She will do/will be doing her home-work after supper. 15.1 suppose you will work/ will be working very hard in the autumn.

Ex. 8, p. 439

" Shall I call again tomorrow? " asked the doctor, before taking leave of the old man.

" Oh, no, we will send for you if she isn't so well, " he replied. " She has hardly had any temperature today; her cough is easier; and the pain has quite disappeared. I can't think, though, how she has caught this germ. She has hardly been out of the house for the last three weeks, owing to the intenseness of the cold, and nobody else has influenza, or even a cold."

" She is certainly very subject to infection. Has she ever tried a course of injections to strengthen her system against these germs? Three injections ar. intervals of a week, at the beginning of the winter, will often work marvels."

" It is difficult to persuade her to take care of herself, doctor, " sighed the father, " but when she is better, I will certainly suggest it to her."

Ex. 9, p. 440

Many years ago I was thrown by accident among a certain society of Englishmen, who, when they were all together, never talked about anything worth talking about. Their general conversations were absolutely empty and dull, and I concluded, as young men so easily conclude that those twenty or thirty gentlemen did not have half a dozen ideas among them. A little reflection reminded me, however, that my own talk was no better than theirs, and consequently that there might be others in the company who also knew more and thought more than they expressed. I found out by accident, after a while, that some of these men had more than common culture in various directions: one or two had travelled far, and brought home the results of much observation; one or two had read largely, and with profit; more than one had studied a science; five or six had seen a great deal of the world. It was a youthful mistake to conclude^the men were dull because their general conversation was very dull. The general conversations of English society are dull; it is a national characteristic.

Ex. 10, p. 440

Suddenly there came a knock to the door and Dorian heard Lord Henry's voice outside. He said he couldn't bear his friend shutting himself in and asked Dorian to let him in at once.

Dorian made no answer at first, but then jumped up and unlocked the door.

The first thing Lord Henry said when he entered was that he was sorry for it all but in his opinion Dorian mustn't think too much of it. Then he inquired if Dorian had seen Sibyl Vane after the play was over.

Dorian said that he had and confessed that he had been brutal to her. He added however, that everything was all right and he felt perfectly happy at the moment. He had decided to marry Sibyl Vane because he wanted to be good and couldn't bear the idea of his soul being so bad and ugly.

Ex. 11, p. 441

I have noticed that when someone asks for you on the telephone and, finding you out, leaves a message begging you to call him up the moment you come in, the matter is more important to him than to you. When it comes to making you a present or doing you a favour, most people are able to hold their impatience. So when I was told by Miss Fellows, my landlady, that Mr. Alroy Kear wished me to ring him up at once, I felt that I could safely ignore his request.

I had not seen Roy for three months and then only for a fe minutes at a party. " London is awful, " he said. " One never ha time to see any of the people one wants to. Let's lunch togethe one day, shall we? "

As I was smoking a pipe before going to bed, I turned over¹my mind the possible reasons for which Roy might want me t lunch with him.

Ex. 13, p. 442

1. " He doesn't know your address, does he? " — " Yes, he does He has called on me." 2. They had hardly /scarcely/barely covere thirty kilometres when the weather changed. 3. He is a teache of English. He has been in teaching since he graduated fro; ' university. 4. " Where have you been all this time? " — " I'm sorryj I didn't know you were waiting for me." 5. She sat in the garde: for a long time and did not know what was going on/happenin in the house. 6. The key had been looked for since the ver morning, but it was nowhere to be found. 7.1 wonder where the; put my books. 8. Have you known each other long (for a long! time)? 9. Now she is staying with her aunt. 10. Dick wa thoughtful for a few days, and it was clear to us that he was thinking over some plan. 11. Next year he will have been living in Russia for ten years. 12. She said she would send a telegram if she didn't hear from home. 13.1 hear she has fallen ill and is in hospital now. What hospital has she been taken to? 14. This elderly woman with a kindly face and grey hair is the head physician of the hospital. I've heard a lot about her, she is well spoken of. 15. What a pity that the doctor has left. I didn't ask/ haven't asked him when I should take/haven't asked when to take the pills. 16. You'll see, in a moment she'll be telling us about her diseases, visits to the doctor and suchlike.

Ex. 14, p. 442

The landlady brought the tea. I didn't want anything, but Ted made me eat some ham. Then I sat at the window. I did not look round when the landlady came up to clear away, I did not want anyone to speak to me. Ted was reading a book; at least he was pretending to, but he did not turn the page, and I saw the tears dropping on it. I kept on looking out of the window. It was the end of June, and the days were long. I was looking at the people going in and out of the public-house and the trams going up and down. I thought the day would never come to an end; then all of a sudden I noticed that it was night. All the lamps were/had been lit.

" Why don't you light the gas? " I said to Ted. " It's no good sitting in the dark."

He lit the gas. I don't know what had come/came over me. I felt that if I went on sitting in that room, I would go mad. I wanted to go somewhere where there were lights and people.

Ex. 15, p. 443

Comments

1. The Past Indefinite (looked) is used to express a single action in the past, and the Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive (has been happening) serves to express an action of some duration which began in the past and stopped shortly before the moment of speaking. 2. The Past Indefinite (made) is used to state a simple fact in the past, and the Present Perfect Durative (Exclusive) (have been) serves to express an action which began before the moment of speaking and continues into it. This grammatical meaning is mostly conveyed by means of the Present Perfect Continuous, but with verbs which are not normally used in Continuous forms, such as the verb to be, the Present Perfect Durative is found instead. 3. The Present Indefinite (think and am) is used to express actions in progress at the moment of speaking with the verb to think which is non-progressive when it means to suppose, to consider, to believe, etc. and with the verb to be which in most cases does not admit of Continuous forms either. The Present Continuous (is wondering) is used to express an action going on at the moment of speaking. 4. The Past Indefinite (woke up and said) is used to denote a succession of past actions. The Present Perfect Resultative (Exclusive) (Have I been asleep? ) expresses an action that began in the past, continued for some time and has just stopped. 5. The Present Indefinite expresses an action in progress at the moment of speaking with the verb hope which is mostly used as a non-progressive one, unless the speaker wants to sound very emphatic. The Present Perfect Resultative (Exclusive) (haven't disturbed) is used to denote a past action connected with the present through its result. The Past Indefinite (weren't asleep, were you? ) is used because the action took place during a finished period of time. 6. The Present Perfect Resultative (have grown) is used because the past action in question is connected with the present through its results (has clear consequences in the present). The Past Indefinite is used denote a single past action (said) and to state a simple past fa (to denote a past state) (was). The Past Perfect (had changed) * used to denote a prior action (an action that was completed bef о the given moment in the past). 7. The Present Indefinite (is) used to state a simple fact in the present (to denote a presenj state). The Present Perfect Continuous (have been keeping) serv to express an action of some duration which stopped just bef о the moment of speaking (an action which began before thj moment of speaking, continued for some time and stopped shorti! before the speaker mentioned it). 8. The Past Indefinite (love is used to express a simple fact in the past. The structure used | feed expresses a habitual action in the past. So does the for would+Infinitive (would ring and would come). The onl difference between the two is that the latter conveys an addition modal colouring of will or perseverance. 9. The Past Continuous (was calling) is used to express an action in progress at the give" moment in the past, and the Past Perfect (had dropped) serves ^Aexpress a prior action. 10. The Present Indefinite (speak and da is used to denote a habitual action in the present. 11. The Paej Indefinite is used to denote a succession of past actions. 12. Th Past Indefinite (said) is used to state a simple past fact (to deno" a single past action). In What did you say? the Past Indefinite * used rather than the Present Perfect because the time when th action took place is definite in the minds of both the speaker an listener, that is they know when the words were uttered an regard that moment as a finished period of time. 13. The Pas Indefinite is used in the when-c\& use (left) and in the princip, clause (asked) because the past action in the principal clause follows shortly after the past action of the шлел-clause. The Pas Perfect Continuous (had been telling) is used in the relative subordinate clause to denote a prior action of some duration tha continued up to the given moment in past. 14. The Presen' Indefinite (Do you know? ) is used to denote a present state, an the Future Indefinite (will be out) serves to express a future state. The Past Indefinite (looked out and was) is used to state simple past facts.

Translation

1. Она изумленно посмотрела на меня, словно спрашивая: «Что со мною было? » 2. От тихих звуков ее голоса он задро жал. «Мне кажется, я знаю вас уже много лет», — промолвила она. 3. А теперь, папа, мне, пожалуй, лучше вернуться, а то мама, наверное, уже гадает, куда я подевался. 4. Потом она проснулась и спросила: «Я что, спала? » 5. Надеюсь, я вас не побеспокоил. Ведь вы же не спали? 6. «Как ты выросла! » — сказал Рэндал. Так оно и было. Она изменилась. 7.0 господи! Что это за звуки? Да это же бой часов! 8. «Стив любил птиц, — сказала Миранда. — Он всегда, бывало, кормил их. Каждое утро звонил в колокольчик, и они прилетали». 9. Ветер немного утих, и где-то за домом куковала кукушка. 10. Вы, как всегда, заставляете меня смотреть в лицо реальности. Все, что вы говорили, совершенно верно. 11. Эмма сняла очки и отложила вязание в сторону, потом закрыла глаза и погладила своими длинными пальцами сомкнутые веки. 12. Она встрепенулась: «Извини, Люси, что ты сказала? » 13. Когда Френсис и Фой ушли, Кэтрин спросила Льюиса, что они рассказывали ему про молодого Люка. 14. Вы не знаете, когда будут известны результаты? 15. Он посмотрел на часы. Пора было входить. Милдред, должно быть, уже ждала его.

Ex. 16, р. 443

1. Let's have dinner up here. If we go down to the restaurant, we will be interrupted, and the music is so loud there. We won't be able to hear each other speak. — Давайте поужинаем здесь. Бели мы спустимся в ресторан, нас будут перебивать, к тому же там слишком громко играет музыка. Мы просто не расслышим друг друга. 2. You have really never been to a ball, Leila? — Ты что, Лейла, и вправду никогда раньше не бывала на балу? 3. My wife has been in Europe for the last ten months on a visit to our eldest daughter who was married last year. — Последние десять месяцев моя жена находится в Европе. Она поехала туда, чтобы навестить нашу старшую дочь, которая в прошлом году вышла замуж. 4. Hello, John! Have you been waiting long? — Привет, Джон! Давно ждешь? 5. She told him that she rang/had rung him, but she had not done so. — Она сказала, что звонила ему, но это была неправда. 6. Не looked up with surprise, " India? Did you go to India? " — Он посмотрел на него/нее и т.п. с удивлением: «В Индии? Вы были в Индии? » 7. I have never known anyone I have liked as much as I like you. I have never felt so happy with anyone. But I am sure it is not what people and what books mean when they talk about love.— Я никогда не встречала никого, кто нравился бы мне так, как вы. Я ни с кем не чувствовала себя такой счастливой. Но я уверена: это не те* что имеют в виду, когда говорят или пишут о любви. 8. It w now over a year. He had not heard from her since she left, exce for a postcard. — Прошло уже больше года. С тех пор как оа уехала, он не получил от нее ни весточки, если не считать од: ной-единственной открытки. 9. The green door opened and shu again, and all was silence. He waited a minute or two. What wer they saying to each other now? — Зеленая дверь открылась^ потом опять закрылась, и все погрузилось в тишину. Он по^ дождал минуту или две. Что же они говорят друг другус 10. " She will be disappointed if you don't come." Randal hesitated. " No, " he said. " I won't come in. You can go alone." —\ «Она будет разочарована, если ты не придешь». Рэндал закс лебался. «Нет, — сказал он. — Я не войду. Можешь идт один». 11. Good heavens, my old doll! Did you find it in Ann'ej room? I had forgotten all about it by now. — Господи, помилуй голубушка ты моя! Ты нашла это в комнате Анны? А я-то уж обо всем забыл. 12. My mother is coming to stay with us next weekend. — На выходные к нам приедет погостить моя мама. 13. The garden looks quite different now that the leaves hav fallen. — Теперь, когда листья опали, сад выглядит совсем по-другому. 14. I am sure you will have finished your work by six o'clock. — Уверен, что ты закончишь работу к шести. 15. She says she will do the washing tomorrow. — Она говорит, что займется стиркой завтра. 16. Jago told Eliot that Nightingale and' he had just been discussing the future of the college. — Джейгоу сказал Элиоту, что они с Найтингейлом только что обсуждали будущее колледжа.

Ex. 17, р. 444

1. I only want to ask when the decision will be taken; we'd like to know the date, that's all. 2. " Hello, you two, " he cried gaily. " Where have you been hiding? " 3. I'm afraid I must be off now. My parents have come unexpectedly. Thank you, Mrs. Welch, I enjoyed myself very much. 4. Margaret Peel has told me that Bertrand is coming down at the weekend. 5. He was alarmed by the thought that he would have to talk to the girl all the way back. 6. In the dining-saloon he noticed that the dark man who had been dining alone was now at the table with Mrs. Cockson and Mrs. Benson. 7. Mr. Pinfold did not sleep for very long. He awoke as usual very early. 8.1 don't see what you are driving at.

9.1 know very little of him, though we have been living/have lived so near all these years. 10.1 have wanted/have been wanting us to have a little talk for quite some time, old boy. Ever since that summer Ball, in fact. 11. As they were strolling up College Road, Beesley began talking about the examination results in his Department. 12.1 want to send a telegram, lam not feeling/don't feel very well. I wonder if you could write it for me? 13. Dixon was a bit disappointed, he was feeling/felt none of the pleasurable excitement he had expected. 14. We will come for you when we want you. Better lock the door. 15.1 have had my eye on him ever since we started. Have you noticed anything odd about him? 16. He was not a cruel man by nature, and was secretly a little ashamed of the part he had been playing during the last month.

Ex. 18, p. 445

1. «Как ты? » — спросила она. «Спасибо, хорошо. Я работал». 2. Я разговаривал с директором о неделе открытых дверей, которую будут проводить в колледже в конце семестра. 3. «Мы все ждем, Нед», — сказала миссис Уэллс, сидя за пианино. 4. Я написал дяде и попросил его сообщить, когда он приезжает. 5. Уверен, профессор, вы понимаете, что в последние месяцы мое положение здесь меня беспокоит. 6. «Я очень надеюсь, что в субботу вы придете». — «Я тоже на это надеюсь. До свидания». 7. Он искал сигареты, когда в дверь вошел Джо. Может быть, он подслушивал? 8. Да, кстати, Кэрол, я все собирался сказать тебе, что Кристина все-таки придет на танцы и приведет с собой своего дядю. 9. Последнее время я чувствую себя очень подавленным. 10. «Как ты себя чувствуешь, Стив? — спросила его жена.— Надеюсь, уже не таким усталым? » 11. Когда обед подходил к концу, миссис Скарфилд спросила: «Вы сыграете с нами в бридж? », и он ответил: «Боюсь, сегодня вечером я не смогу». 12. «Извините, ради Бога, — сказал Глоувер, — я просто не знаю, о чем вы говорите». 13. О, да ведь это как раз то, что говорил я, только сказано другими словами. 14. При виде подноса, на котором стояли чашки, фляжка с горячительным и блюдо с печеньем, дрожавший Диксон приободрился. 15. Ах, мистер Диксон, а я-то все думала: когда же я увижу вас снова? 16. В тот вечер перед ужином он присоединился к Скарфилдам. «Через пару дней станет жарко», — сказала миссис Скарфилд. 17. Полно, Дорис, мы говорили о тобой для твоего же блага.

the subjunctive mood ШШ and the conditional mood

(TO UNITS ONE—THREE)

Ex. 19, p. 446

1. were — Present Subjunctive Mood, should have — Presen Conditional Mood; 2. were — Present Subjunctive Mood, should pay — Present Conditional Mood; 3. wouldn't find — Present' Conditional Mood, tried — Present Subjunctive Mood; 4. hated Present Subjunctive Mood, wouldn't be — Present Conditional Mood; 5. would hardly know — Present Conditional Mood, met —\ Present Subjunctive Mood; 6. had known — Past Subjunctive Mood, shouldn't have come — Past Conditional Mood; 7. should never have found — Past Conditional Mood, hadn't helped — Past Subjunctive Mood; 8. had left — Past Subjunctive Mood, would have caught — Past Conditional Mood; 9. had taken — Past Subjunctive Mood, would feel — Present Conditional Mood; 10. had read — Past Subjunctive Mood, would know — Present Conditional Mood

1. Будь я молод, я бы провел отпуск в походе. 2. На твоем месте я не стал бы обращать внимания на ее слова. 3. Ваза очень красивая. Вы ни за что не нашли бы ей пару. 4. Если бы ты терпеть не мог больных, ты бы не стал врачом, дорогой. 5. «Говорят, Фрэнк очень изменился». — «О да. Если б вы его сейчас встретили, вряд ли бы узнали». 6. Если бы я это знал, то не пришел бы. 7. Мы бы никогда не нашли этот дом, если бы нам не помог прохожий. 8. Если бы вы вышли из дома пораньше, то успели бы на трамвай. 9. Если бы вы принимали лекарство, которое прописал врач, вы бы сейчас чувствовали себя лучше. 10. Если бы вы прочитали рекомендованную мной статью, вы бы знали, как отвечать на такие вопросы.

Ex. 22, p. 447

1. If they hadn't helped us, we wouldn't have found the way.

1. If I had enough money, I would buy this cassette-recorder.

2. You will be I would be able to speak English better if you study/ studied harder. 4. If she were older, she would understand you better. 5. If he had been in town yesterday, he would have called on us. 6. We would have enjoyed the play better if it were not so long. 7. My uncle would be able to help us if he were here. 8. I would have done the same if I had been there. 9. If I had known of your arrival, I would have met you. 10. If you knew what it is all about, you wouldn't keep on smiling. 11. If you had gone to the theatre last nightrJ'm sure, you would have enjoyed the play. 12. He would be acting/would have acted differently if he realized/had realized the situation. 13. If she had come earlier, she would have been able to see them before they went out. 14. Nobody told me about your trouble. I would have helped you if I/md/jeardaboutit. 15.1 would have come sooner if Ihad known you were here. 16. We wouldn't know anything about their plans for the summer holidays if Mario had not sent us a letter. 17. If you had come between two and three yesterday, you would have found him in. 18. If I were you, I would have a long walk in the park. 19. If I could help you, I readily would do so, but you know I can't. 20.1 must be off now. If it were not so late, I would stay a little longer.

Ex. 23, p. 448

1. They would do it if they could. 2. If it were summer now, we should go to the country. 3. If he wrote to me, I would write to him. 4. She would have found the book if she had opened the bag. 5. It would be better if they didn't come. 6.1 would have given it to you if you hadn't been out. 7.1 could knit another sweater if I had more wool. 8.1 would study Italian if I had more spare time. 9. If she had followed the doctor's advice, she wouldn't have fallen seriously ill. 10. The boy wouldn't be shivering if he were well. 11. If he hadn't refused my help, the work would be/would have been finished today. 12. I wouldn't have a headache if I hadn't had a sleepless night. 13. Anne could translate this song if she knew French well enough. 14. You would be quite all right now if you had taken the medicine regularly. 15. If they hadn't taken a taxi, they would have missed the train. 16. If he knew her address, he would write to her, I'm sure. 17. The garden would look beautiful if the trees were not bare. 18. He wouldn't make so many mistakes if he knew grammar well enough. 19. Would you do it for me if I asked you?

Ex. 24, p. 448

1. What would you say if I invited him for the weekend/to stay with us over the weekend? 2. What medicine would you recommend if the boy had a sore throat/were to have a sore throat? 3. If I could play the piano well, I should/would play for you. 4. The boy wouldn't be shivering if he weren't cold. Give him a cup of hot tea. 5. We would gladly stay another hour if it weren't so late. 6. If I had known that you had called me to reproach me, I wouldn't have come. 7. If you had taken the medicines prescribed by the doctor regularly, you would be feeling/would feel much better now. 8. If we had begun working early in the morning, we would have been through long ago. 9. If I were you, I wouldn't argue/wouldn't have argued with them. 10. If we had known it at the time/Had we known it at the time, we would have taken measures. 11. If everything were all right, he wouldn't look so worried/preoccupied. 12.1 would have done it long ago if I had known that it was so important. 13. If you had followed/taken my advice, everything would be all right now. 14. If you hadn't refused his offer/proposal, we should have all gone/left together and shouldn't be hanging around here/sitting here alone. 15. I am sure that you would have been able to do it without my help if you had tried. 16. I might stay/I would probably stay if I were allowed to. 17. You would save/would have saved time if you went/had gone by train and by boat. 18. If you knew him as I do, you would trust him too. 19. I would have answered your question long ago if I could. ¿ ¡ 0. If you had called me, I would have dropped in yesterday. 21. If I were you, I wouldn t go there without an invitation.

Ex. 25, p. 449

Comments

a) In sentences 1 and 7 the action of the object subordinate clause is either simultaneous with that of the principal clause (the wish-clause) or follows it, so the Present Subjunctive (the non-factual Past Indefinite) is used.

In complex sentences 2—6 and 8 the action of the object subordinate clause precedes that of the principal wish-clause, hence the use of the Past Subjunctive (the non-factual Past Perfect).

a. In complex sentences 1, 7, 8 the action of the subordinate clauses of unreal comparison is simultaneous with that of the principal clauses, so the Present Subjunctive Mood (the non-factual Past Indefinite) is used in the subordinate clauses.

In complex sentences 4, 6, 9, 10 the Present Subjunctive Continuous (the non-factual Past Continuous) is used in the subordinate clauses of unreal comparison because their imagined actions serve as a background for the actions of the principal clauses. •■ ».

In sentence 3 the Past Subjunctive (the non-factual Past Perfect) is used in the subordinate clause of unreal comparison because its imagined action precedes that of the principal clause.

In sentences 2 and 5 the Past Subjunctive Continuous (the non-factual Past Perfect Continuous) is used in the subordinate clauses of unreal Comparison because their imagined actions went on for some time up to the moment when the actions of the principal clauses took place.

a. In sentences 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 the Present Subjunctive (the non-factual Past Indefinite) is used in the subordinate clauses of unreal concession (1—4) and unreal condition (7, 8) because the situations refer to the present.

In sentences 5, 6, 9, 10 the Past Subjunctive (the non-factual Past Perfect) is used in the clauses of unreal concession (5) and unreal condition (6, 9, 10) because the situations refer to the past.

a. Sentences 1—6 are simple exclamatory sentences that express a wish which cannot be fulfilled.

Sentences 1, 2, 3, 5 refer to the present, so the Present Subjunctive is used.

Sentences 4 and 6 refer to the past, hence the use of the Past Subjunctive.

Translation

1. Ты был очень добр к тому иностранцу, Дик. Хорошо бы/ Хотелось бы его увидеть. (Жаль, что мы не можем с ним встретиться.) 2. Дора жалела, что не вынула книгу из чемодана до отхода поезда. 3. Это хорошая мысль. Жаль, что я не подумал об этом раньше. 4. Он кивнул ей и торопливо направился к своей комнате. Жаль, что она его видела. Жаль, что она вообще там оказалась. 5. Он подумал, что было бы куда лучше, если бы Милдред к нему не обращалась. 6. Это была отличная мысль. Жаль, что она не пришла в голову мне самому. 7. Хо-| телось бы мне быть в этом уверенным. 8. Неужели вам не жаль, I что вы не явились раньше?

a. 1. Казалось, ему хотелось выговориться, но он боялся ска- ] зать что-нибудь обид< пе. 2. Теперь я припоминаю, что он тот-1 час же побледнел и начал задыхаться, как будто только что] долго бежал. 3. Под глазами у нее залегли тени, как будто она I не спала всю ночь. 4. Внезапно он улыбнулся, и голос его из-1 менился, словно он желал рассказать какую-то тайну. 5. У нее' был такой довольный вид, как будто она весь день ждала этой минуты. 6. Хью был удивлен и раздосадован, и к тому же продрог, как будто температура в комнате все время опускалась.1 7. А вы ведите себя так, словно мы с вами знакомы. 8. Ты те-| перь уже почти взрослый, и я буду говорить с тобой как со} взрослым. А ты должен мне в этом помочь. 9. Они пристально] глядели друг на друга в безмолвном доме, и казалось, что они прислушиваются к чьим-то отдаленным шагам. 10. Во всем] его поведении чувствовалась какая-то странная осторожность, ] как будто он втайне вынашивал некий план.

b. 1. Даже если бы вы только подумали, что я могу быть вам' полезен, я и то был бы очень рад, я был бы просто счастлив! получить разрешение остаться. 2. Пусть это даже было бы правдой — зачем об этом говорить? 3. Я бы добрался туда, даже если бы мне пришлось всю дорогу идти пешком. 4. Даже есл! бы вы дважды попросили его не делать этого, он бы все равнс сделал это опять; он мальчик упрямый. 5. Вы бы не смогли] связаться с ним, даже если бы попытались: его не было в городе. 6. Если бы мы вовремя получили информацию, мы могли бы предотвратить катастрофу. 7. «Видишь ли, — сказал Рэн-1 дал, — я бы не пошел, если бы тебе этого не хотелось». 8. Ду-' маю, было бы естественно, если бы вы к ним присоединились. 9. «Вот бы знать: было бы все по-другому, если б мама не умер- J ла? » —подумала она. 10. Кто-нибудь обязательно бы заметил, если бы ее там не было.

d) 1. Если бы только отец бы л жив! 2. Если бы это было правдой! 3. Если бы (только) я мог в это поверить! 4. Если бы только он рассказал тебе всю историю с начала до конца! 5. Если бы (только) она была с нами! 6. Если бы только я не упомянул его имени! Как я мог сделать такую глупость!

Ex. 26, р. 450

1.1 don't know how to address him. I wish I knew his name. 2.1 feel as if my head were on fire. 3. If only I had known earlier, I would have sent you a telegram. 4. My wife says she wishes I were a thousand miles away. 5. He felt as if he were floating in the air. 6. He stared at me as if I had asked him something very odd. 7. At that moment she wished she hadn't sent for him. 8. If I had told you, you might have thought it was my choice. 9. Even if it were twice as dangerous, I would carry out my plan. 10. I wish I had never seen you. 11. Don't look at me as if you had never seen me before. 12.1 think it would be natural if you joined them. 13. Remember her! As if I could forget her! 14. Then he suddenly said, " Would you take me to Grayhallock if I asked? " 15. Don't you think it would be rather nice if we asked her to stay on for a week as our guest? 16. " How I wish I had been there with you, " I said with deep regret. 17. " Don't be sorry, " she said. " I should be relieved if you went, if it were settled somehow." 18. Well, at any rate, the weather isn't going to present difficulties. It looks as though it has set in fine. 19.1 wouldn't be sure of it if I were you.

Ex. 27, p. 451

Comments

1. It is a simple sentence containing an implied unreal condition. The Present Conditional Mood is used because the whole situation refers to the present. 2. This is a Type 3 complex conditional sentence. The Past Conditional Mood is used in the principal clause because the whole situation refers to the past. 3. This is a complex sentence with a clause of unreal concession. The Present Conditional Mood is used in the principal clause because the whole situation refers to the present. 4. This is a simple sentence of implied unreal condition with a but for construction. The Past Conditional Mood is used because the situation refers to the past. 5. This is a complex sentence which contains an implied unreal condition. The Present Conditional

Mood is used in the principal clause because its action refers to the present or future. 6. This is a compound sentence; its second clause contains an implied unreal condition. The Past Conditional Mood is used in it because the whole situation refers to the past. 8. This is a simple sentence containing an implied unreal condition. The Present Conditional Mood is used because its action refers to the present 9. We shouldn't have managed them alone is a simple sentence containing an implied unreal condition. The Past Conditional Mood is used because its action refers to the past. 10. This is a complex sentence containing two subordinate clauses: a clause of real condition and an object clause. The latter: Crawford would never have done so in similar circumstances contains an implied unreal condition. The Past Conditional Mood is used here because the situation refers to the past. 11. This is a simple sentence containing an implied condition expressed by a but for construction. The Present Conditional Mood is used here because the situation refers to no particular time. 12. This is a compound sentence. Its second clause contains an implied unreal condition. The whole situation refers to the past, so the Past Conditional Mood is used. 14. The second of the two simple sentences contains an implied unreal condition. The Past Conditional Mood is used because the whole situation refers to the past. 15. This is a simple sentence containing an implied unreal condition. The Present Conditional Mood is used because the situation refers to the present. 17. This is a compound sentence; the clause that comes first contains an implied unreal condition. The situation refers to the past, hence the use of the Past Conditional Mood. 18. This is a conditional sentence of a mixed type. The action in the conditional clause refers to the past, hence the use of the Past Subjunctive, and the action of the principal clause refers to the present, hence the Present Conditional Mood.

Translation

1. На твоем месте я бы сейчас не волновался. Уверен, очень скоро все прояснится. 2. Я бы не удивился, если бы он нашел какую-нибудь уважительную причину и не пришел. 3. Но даже если бы вы были правы, я бы предпочел действовать по-своему. 4. Если бы не моя помощь, он бы провалил последний экзамен. 5. По-моему, сейчас она была бы счастлива заполучить то, от чего тогда отказалась. 6. Сэр Хорэс задал мне один или два вопроса, и с моей стороны было бы невежливо не ответить.

1. Несколько лет назад он не стал бы так говорить о Джейгоу.

2. Пойдем, Джесси! В одиночестве тебе будет еще хуже. 9. Я думаю о тех замечательных результатах, которых мы достигли, работая вместе. Поодиночке нам бы это не удалось. Жаль, что теперь мы действуем врозь. 10. Если ты нарушишь свое обещание, люди скажут, что в подобных обстоятельствах Кро-форд никогда бы так не поступил. 11. Не будь пчел, не было бы и меда. 12. Она не желала даже смотреть в мою сторону. Взгляни она на меня хоть раз, я бы подошел и извинился. 13. Он очень спешил, и ему некогда было все обдумать. Иначе он нашел бы лучший выход из положения. 14. Но миссис Джейгоу не смогла в точности скопировать особенности речи леди Мюриэл. Говоря с мужчинами или о мужчинах, леди Мюриэл никогда не стала бы употреблять их университетские звания. 15. Лично я бы на это не согласился. 16. Они все были бы только рады тебя видеть. 17. Я бы ее выпроводил, но мне казалось, что ты хочешь записать ее речь с помощью этих твоих устройств. 18. Ты никогда никому не делал ничего хорошего. Если бы ты вел себя по-другому, у тебя сейчас было бы больше сторонников.

Ex. 28, р. 451

1. It would do you/him/her, etc. good to consult a doctor./ It would be good to consult a doctor. 2. It would be interesting to find out which of us is right: you or me. 3. It would be nice to have a swim/to go swimming in such hot weather. 4. It would be nice to have a cup of coffee. 5. It would be very important to learn his opinion of this matter. 6. It would do you a lot/a world of good to go in for sports. 7. She would be a good student if she weren't so often ill and didn't miss classes. 8. We would be glad to help you, but we are very busy tod.y. 9.1 think she wouldn't have got angry if you hadn't made so much noise. 10.1 would go to the south but my doctor advised me against it. 11.1 would go to the cafeteria with you, but my doctor has prescribed me a diet.

1. You did well to follow the doctor's advice, or else/otherwise you would surely have gone down/fallen ill with pneumonia.

2. On Sunday it rained all day, otherwise we should have gone to the country. 14. He says there's something wrong with his heart, otherwise he would have taken part in the competition. 15. But for my headache I would join you/keep you company.

16. He wouldn't have recovered so quickly if he hadn't been taken good care of in hospital./He wouldn't have recovered so quickly but for the good attendance in hospital. 17. But for his good health/If it weren't for his good health he wouldn't have been able to endure all the hardships of the expedition. 18. But for your pills, doctor, I would have had to go to hospital. They have worked a miracle. 19. If you had dressed more warmly yesterday, you wouldn't be coughing and sneezing now. 20. If you knew the symptoms of measles, you would have understood right away/at once that it wasn't scarlet fever. 21. He would have come with us but for his sudden illness. 22. What a strange woman! She wouldn't consult a doctor even if she felt ill. 23. Even if he had been operated on, it wouldn't have done him any good./Even he were operated on, it wouldn't make any difference. 24. It was late, and it would have been natural if the sick child had fallen asleep, but he was awake and his eyes were fixed on the foot of the bed. 25. How would you answer this question? 26. What would you do in my place? 27. I would advise you to go to a dentist. 28. I would never have done it without your help.

Ex. 29, p. 452

1.1 knew he was silly, but I did not believe that he was as silly as that. 2. I wish he had been a bit stronger against Crawford. 3. After a moment's silence he broke out: " Would it be a nuisance if I begged a cup of tea in your rooms? " 4. You must thank him, not we. Without him we wouldn't have achieved any success. 5.1 wish she didn't look so pale. 6. " If I were Crawford, I would thank Winslow much, " said Chrystal. 7. I would give a good deal for that assurance! 8. " Are you glad to see me? " — " You're funny, Dick! As if you didn't knowl" 9. If I thought as you do, I would feel miserable. 10. Mr. Dennant's glance rested on Shelton and quickly fell down to the ground as though he had seen something that alarmed him. 11. I wish you had shown/would show more sign of not liking it in practice. 12. I can't for the life of me understand why you didn't wait until they decided. I had expected you to discuss it with me. 13. When Hilary opened the door, the stranger made a quick movement forward, almost as if he were going to stick his foot hurriedly into the opening. 14. Her voice sounded as though something had offended her. 15.1 wish I could play tennis as well as you do. 16. He looked up sharply as if he had made a dangerous remark. 17.1 may travel out with Uncle, but it would be such fun if you came. 18. He saw it as clearly as though it were before his eyes. 19. But for your friendship I would feel lonely here.

Ex. 30, p. 453

1. I wish he hadn't gone away. 2. She wished it were night instead of day, so that no one could see how miserable she was. 3. I wish she were my sister, I would love her very much. 4.1 wish it were Sunday today, I would take the kids to the zoo. 5. We wished we hadn't left him alone. 6.1 wish you believed me. I have never deceived you. 7. He wished he hadn't left so early. 8. Randall was, §o angry as though it were his own money that had been spent. 9. Don't look at me as if you had never seen me before. 10. She looks as though she doesn't/didn't know what to say. 11. Even if we had received the telegram yesterday, it would have been too late anyway. 12. Even if I were/had been very busy, I would find/have found the time to visit her in the hospital just the same. 13w If only he weren't so lazy! 14. Oh, if only I were sure that it was so! 15. If it hadn't been for/But for the bicycle, he wouldn't have caught up with us. 16. But for your carelessness there would have been no accident. 17. But for his bright mind we wouldn't have done the translation so quickly and wouldn't be free now. 18. If I had known that you would come, I should have stayed at home. 19.1 would go with you, but my little brothei is ill, and I've got to go to the chemist's. 20. It would have been important then, but it isn't now. 21. It would do him good to sleep with an open window the whole year round.

Ex.31, p. 454

Comments

⇐ Предыдущая 123 4 5 Следующая ⇒