Read the following dialogue. Do you agree or disagree with the answers given below?

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1. Why have you chosen a research-oriented program?	1. I’ve chosen this program because I think it’s a challenge to do research. It’s not just studying something, it is also doing something original on the basis of what has already been done by someone.
2. So, research is a creative type of work, isn’t it?	2. Oh, yes, beyond any doubt.
3. How could you characterize creative work?	3. In my opinion, it is further development of scientific ideas put forward by researchers in the field, looking for new ideas, and creating something entirely new.
4. Well, thank you. It seems to be the right thing. One more question, please. Why is participation in conferences of various levels considered so important for young researchers?	4. First of all, I think, it is an opportunity to meet face to face with prominent researchers in the field, to listen to their presentations, and to make your own presentations. It is an opportunity to learn something new and stimulating, and exchange ideas.
5. Do you share the view that the English language is a “communication tool” for researchers?	5. Well, yes, if it is an international conference where you have an opportunity to communicate with your foreign colleagues person-to-person, understand and discuss the papers presented. Besides, you need it for reading. Sure, it is an important, even indispensable “communication tool.”
6. Is research, in your opinion, teamwork or individual activity?	6. I think both. At the present time, though, it seems to be teamwork first of all.
7. Thank you very much for the interview.	7. You are welcome.

Study the essay given below.

Research Work in the Master's Program

Introduction

Being a 3^d year Bachelor student I took additional courses offered by the Department of Parallel Computational Technologies. The research area of the Department seemed interesting, so I decided to do Bachelor's work at the Department and then continue it in the Master's program.

Research in the Field of Computational Technologies

The Department of Parallel Computational Technologies was formed in 1996 on the basis of Supercomputer Software Department (SSD) of the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics in Academgorodok. The main research directions of the SSD are:

– investigations in the technologies of parallel computing and parallel programs construction for MIMD multicomputers (Laboratory for Parallel Program Synthesis under the direction of Prof. Malyshkin);

– investigations of different formal models of parallel processes, simulation of parallel algorithms and structures and elaboration of methods for high performance parallel architecture synthesis (Laboratory of Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, head of the Laboratory Dr. Piskunov);

– developing fundamental concepts, formal methods and computer tools for designing algorithmic-oriented architecture for data array processing (research group for fine-grained parallelism and cellular architecture, head of the group Dr. Bandman).

At present I am a master student of the Department of Parallel Computational Technologies. I am doing my thesis research in the area of parallel program synthesis.

The history of the subject area dates back to the middle of the
20^th century. The first computers taking advantage of parallelism were manufactured in United States in the late 1950-s. Since the early
1960-s, different parallel programming concepts had been developed abroad as well as in our country.

It is clear now that the computer clock frequency is reaching its limit, and it is parallel computations that define the future of high-performance computing. Up to now, a large amount of sequential programs and algorithms have been developed. Now it is for us to make them work on parallel systems taking advantages of parallel execution.

The academic research project Assembly System (ASSY) is carried out by the SSD research staff. The main goal of ASSY project is development of parallel computing technologies and support of Parallel Assembly Programming System which is characteristic of different large block multicomputer systems. The project is supervised by Prof. Malyshkin.

In short, the idea of the ASSY technology is as follows:

- atomic fragments of computations are programmed in conventional procedural language;

- a parallel computation is typically assembled of atomic fragments that can be executed concurrently on different nodes of the parallel system.

The title of my master's thesis is " Language and Compiler for Describing Computational Models". I have to create a programming system for the automated construction of parallel programs, formed by sequential atomic procedures. A language for description of the relationships between atomic procedures should be developed. The description is based on the notion of a computation model, which is treated as a network, the nodes of which correspond to certain functional modules, while the edges characterize interconnections between these modules reflecting possible ways of organization of the computations. This approach was suggested by A.Kh. Tyugu in the 1970-s.

Conclusions

At NSTU, M.S. programs are research-oriented. While studying in this program I've acquired research skills to analyse, collect, and process information, and generate new ideas and original methods. Research is creative work. I think I'll continue doing this research in the Ph.D. (Cand.Sc.) program after completing the M.S. course.

Write a similar essay on the topic according to the plan given below.

1. Introduction (containing information about the field you want to investigate into, the reasons why you have chosen this very field, its significance and actuality)

2. Main part. This should contain the following information:

1. Historical background of your field of research. Contributions made by foreign and Russian schools of thought.

2. State-of-the-art (present day) of you field of research.

3. Contribution made by researchers of your department. Research projects you department participates in.

4. Your research (with the emphasis on your master’s thesis or Cand. Sc. dissertation as well as participation in conferences and publications in learned journals in English and reading scientific literature in English)

3. Conclusions (These should summarize the information presented and set goals for further research)

Give a talk about your research work.

Helpful vocabulary

do research; explore in depth; carry out an investigation; the history of the field dates back to; state-of-the-art; research effort; participate in a project; to be(a)part of a project; research team; teamwork; the project has been supported (in part) by a grant from; under the grant from; principal investigator (ведущий специалист); present the
thesis / dissertation for defense.

Appendix 1

COLLOCATIONS WITH RESEARCH

Research can be translated as исследование, (научно-)ис-следовательская работа, научная работа or наука, depending on the context. A particular investigation is not called a research but a piece of research (or an investigation / study). The word research is uncountable. Sometimes, however, research is used countably in the
plural

e. g. His researches produced some interesting results.

Research may also be used as a verb, often into

e. g. He is researching into the air pollution.

More often, however, the expressions to do research or be engaged in research (formal style) are used with the noun research in this sense (see below).

The following prepositions are used with the noun research:

1. On is used with a more or less specific subject

e. g. I'm doing research on the history of foreign economic relations.

2. In is used with the field of investigation

e. g. He is engaged in research in numerical methods.

3. Into occurs less often, mainly with words such as problem, cause, relation, origin.

e. g. Recent research into the cause of air pollution reveals new statistical data.

To do research with no adverbial modifier specifying the subject or field means to be a postgraduate student, or, as this is also called, a research student

e. g. Master students take a specified number of courses and do research.

Collocations translated as заниматься / вести исследовательскую работу to carry out / conduct / do / pursue / be engaged in / undertake research (on/in/into smth)

Other collocations with research

to complete / direct / refer to / stimulate / give priority to research

academic / basic / comprehensive / complex / current / descriptive / detailed / empirical / experimental / extensive / fundamental / independent / original / profound / scientific / theoretical / thorough / computer science research

research agenda / Council / grant / literature / paper / program / project / team / topic / tool

e. g. A scientific paper is a culmination of scientific research.

The depiction of structures in higher dimension is currently an active area of computer science research.

This work was supported by research grants from the Russian Federation government.

I want to review much of the research literature which bears directly on our further work. The journal is an innovative forum for scholarly debate, as well as for research and theoretical papers.

This educational area of specialization has its own theoretical orientation and research tradition.

(Based on J. Povey and I. Walshe, An English Teacher's Handbook of Educational Terms, Moscow, " Vyssaja Skola", 1982 and N.K. Riabtseva, English for Scientific Purposes, Flinta Publishers / Nauka Publishers, Moscow, 2000)

SECTION III

NSTU SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

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