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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Language Compared To Technology
As was the case in the 1970's and 1980's the computer became a tool of science and business. So too will a common language. Many people in Western environments resisted the computer insisting that business can continue using the old technologies. Certainly they were correct in the short term. But now, the computer has influenced all facets of business as the benefits of the computer have become more apparent. Similar to the computer, a common language will also become a necessary tool in doing science and business in a shrinking world. It is our responsibility to embrace and promote the language tool for new researchers in order for them to be prepared to function in an ever changing world.
Comprehension check
1. What are the advantages of researchers knowing the English language? 2. What should research scientists master the English language for? 3. Why is common standard necessary? 4. What technologies are becoming a common communication platform nowadays? 5. What is the Universities’ responsibility as far as “the language tool” is concerned.
Speech Practice
1. Speak about the necessity of the common language for international research exchange. 2. Say what helps you master the every-day and scientific English. 3. Express your opinion of language compared to technology.
SECTION II CANDIDATE'S AND MASTER'S PROGRAMS AT NSTU
CANDIDATE OF SCIENCE PROGRAMS
NSTU known then as Novosibirsk Institute of Electrical Engineering (NIEE) admitted the first (post)graduate students to its graduate school / (post)graduate program as early as mid-1950's. The (post) graduate students were doing research in the fields studied under the direction of leading NIEE professors. In 1955, there were five (post)graduate students doing research in their appropriate fields of study. Among them were Vladimir M. Cheban and Valentin F. Khon, at present Doctors of Science, Professors. The present-day NSTU (post)graduate programs offer the graduate applicants a wide choice of research fields. Admission to the (post)graduate programs is carried out on the competition basis. Study and research are provided in full-time and part-time form. The full-time course should not exceed a three-year period, and part-time no more than four years. Study in the full-time program is considered as teaching and research work in an appropriate job. The graduate applicants have an interview with their prospective advisers/supervisors of studies and take entrance examinations in their major subject, philosophy and a foreign language. Those who passed their Candidate's degree examinations (there are three Candidate's examinations as well in the subjects mentioned above) are not required to take entrance examinations. Master students who passed examinations in these subjects with grades " excellent" and " good" are admitted to the graduate school without entrance examinations. In their first year in the Cand. Sc. program, graduate students are expected to pass Candidate’s degree examinations in philosophy and a foreign language. Examination in the major subject is usually taken upon the completion of the graduate research. Cand. Sc. degree is conferred on after defending Candidate's dissertation which is a piece of original research conducted under the guidance of a leading professor, as a rule, head of a school of thought on a certain area of research. The adviser leads the graduate student through the graduate course. The NSTU graduate school offers Cand. Sc. degree courses in diverse fields of research. These are physical and mathematical sciences, engineering sciences, economics, philosophy, and education. Among the former NSTU (post)graduate students are leading NSTU researchers who supervised Cand. Sc. and D. Sc. degree holders in various fields of knowledge.
Vocabulary list
Comprehension check
1. What facts confirm that in the early days of its existence the university started functioning as a center for graduate education? 2. What is the structure of studies at the NSTU graduate school? 3. What fields does the University Graduate School offer Cand. Sc. degree in?
Speech Practice
Speak about Cand. Sc. (doctoral) programs at NSTU putting special emphasis on the historical background, programs structure and graduate requirements.
BACHELOR'S AND MASTER'S PROGRAMS IN NSTU
In the early nineties, NSTU was among the first Russian institutions of higher learning to introduce the multi-level system of education. The advantages of the system are obvious. It makes the education more flexible and provides students with an opportunity to set and achieve the goal and define the nature of their education at its various stages. Besides, transition to the multi-level system of education facilitates the integration of Russian higher school into the world system of education. In accordance with the state educational standard adopted in Russia, there are two ways of earning an advanced degree from a technological university. The first one is traditional for our higher education assuming that training a specialist (an engineer) is provided by an educational institution during the 5 or 5.5 year period. The engineer's degree corresponds to the third level of higher education. The second way completely reflects the nature of multi-level system of education. A student aiming to earn a Bachelor's degree in a field chosen studies during four years and on the completion of the coursework is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in the corresponding field (second level). After two years of study in the Bachelor's program students have a right to receive a certificate of incomplete higher education (first level). Bachelor's degree holders have a choice either to start practical work or participate in a competition for receiving third-level higher education according to the Master's or professionally qualified specialists training programs. Master's programs last two years. It is, to a very high degree, an individually tailored and research-oriented program. Those interested in solving engineering problems choose professionally qualified specialists program.
Vocabulary list
Comprehension check
1. Why do you think NSTU was among the first Russian higher educational institutions to introduce the multi-level system of education? 2. What are the advantages of the system? 3. What are the two ways of earning an advanced (third-level) degree from a technological university? 4. What is the major difference between these degrees? 5. What degree is awarded after successful completion of the coursework during a four-year period at University and meeting all the degree requirements? 6. What certificate does a student receive after two years of study in the Bachelor’s program and passing the necessary qualifying examinations if he/she chooses to leave the University?
MASTERS OF SCIENCE PROGRAM IN … (ELECTRICAL ENGINEEING / COMPUTER ENGINEERING / COMPUTER SCIENCE / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, etc.) (Part of a Sample Answer on the Topic)
Novosibirsk State Technical University opened its master-level degree programs in 1994/95 academic year. There are two types of degree programs suggested: research-oriented programs leading to M.S. degree and professional programs designed to train professionally qualified /certified engineers for practical work in industry, science, and business. In 1994 the first students enrolled in the NSTU Master's programs on the competition basis and in June 1996 the first Master's programs graduates were awarded their Master's of Science degrees. The number of students admitted to the Master's programs is 15 per cent of Bachelor's program graduates. NSTU offers Master's programs in forty-nine fields of study. Training Master students is a new task for Russian higher school. At NSTU, Master's programs are considered as a basis for continuing education in Cand. Sc. program. In accordance with the State Educational Standard, Master students are oriented towards independent research work thus restricting time for required regular lectures and classes. Each Master student is doing research under the supervision of a research adviser who is a university professor/teacher with a research degree (Cand. Sc. or D. Sc.). Introducing the Master's programs, NSTU is aiming at setting up a school training qualified specialists in teaching and research. I've entered a research-oriented M.S. program as I was already engaged in research when an undergraduate student. I was doing research under the supervision of Professor / Associate Professor N, an authority in the field. The academic staff of our department are engaged in active research in almost all branches of … There are many advanced seminars each semester for graduate students and research staff. Conferences in many areas of active research are held here. One may choose an individually tailored curriculum, it depends on your progress in the field, your thesis adviser's opinion, and some other factors I think. Personal guidance is provided for each graduate student. Completion of M.S. program requires 2 academic years of study. The program is made up of a specified number of required and elective courses. My majors are …, and I've also chosen … as elective courses. After two years of studies in the M.S. program, students submit their master's thesis which is a written work containing research results in a specified field. An oral thesis defense is required. I hope to successfully defend the thesis and then continue to study in Cand. Sc. program towards the Candidate of Engineering degree.
Vocabulary list
Comprehension check
1. When did NSTU open its first master-level degree programs? 2. What are the two types of master-level degree programs offered by the University? 3. When were the first Master’s programs graduates awarded their M. S. degrees? 4. How many fields does NSTU offer its Master’s programs in? 5. What are the characteristic features of M. S. programs at NSTU? 6. How much time is required to complete a Master’s program? 7. What is the University aiming at launching its Master’s program? 8. May the M. S. degree at NSTU be earned without a master’s thesis? 9. What kind of degree work is the Master’s thesis? Should it be an original and interesting contribution to the field? 10. Why do you think an oral thesis defense is required?
MASTER ‘S DEGREE STUDY
Master of Science training in diverse fields of science is one of the major educational programmes requiring six years of study. The programme is composed of a four-year undergraduate study and a two-year graduate study in a chosen field. After successful completion of studies graduates are awarded the master’s degree and are prepared to the following: · To do research in their professional area · To train undergraduate students as teaching assistants · To continue studies in doctoral programmes Training is carried out in accordance with an individually designed curriculum under the guidance of a research advisor. Applicants who successfully complete the undergraduate school and hold bachelor’s degrees are allowed for admission to the Master’s Degree programme. Admission is competitive. To be admitted an applicant is required to take tests and examinations related to the field of study. Students who obtained their bachelor’ s degrees in engineering in NSTU may opt for the Master’s Degree programme in their field on a competitive basis. Students holding bachelor’ s degrees in fields different from the Master’s programme have to take an obligatory examination in the chosen major covering the content requirements of the Bachelor of Science programme. Applicants who hold bachelor’s degrees in engineering but who graduated from NSTU more than a year ago or who graduated from another university have to take tests and undergo an interview with the Admissions Boards at the Faculties. Applications are accepted from 15-25 June. Applications include the following: · Application form · Educational documents (with full records of academic performance in related subjects) · Letters of recommendation from the previous educational institution It is also desirable to attach a list of publications, diplomas and certificates awarded at contests and competitions and other documents confirming qualification and creative potential of an applicant.
Comprehension check
1. How much time is required to complete a Master’s program at NSTU? What parts is the program composed of? 2. What career opportunities do the graduates from the Master’s programs have? Which of the alternatives is better in your opinion? 3. What does an application for admission to the Master’s program include? (e.g. for those graduating from other institutions or having more than a year interval after graduation from NSTU Bachelor’s programs) 4. What is recommended to attach to an application?
Speech Practice
Describe the procedure of applying for admission to the Master’s programs at NSTU.
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