Местоимения something, nothing, anything, somebody, nobody, anybody, somewhere, anywhere, nowhere

Эти местоимения образованы от местоимений some, no, any и подчиняются тем же грамматическим правилам.

Утвердительные предложения	Отрицательные, вопросительные предложения	Отрицательные предложения
somebody кто-то	anybody кто-нибудь	nobody никто
something что-то	anything что-нибудь	nothing ничего
somewhere где-то	anywhere где-нибудь	nowhere нигде

С местоимениями something, nothing, anything, somebody, nobody, anybody употребляются глаголы 3 лица единственного числа.

There is somebody in the room. — В комнате кто-то есть.

There is something on the table. — На столе что-то есть.

Is there anybody in the room? — В комнате кто-то есть?

Is there anything on the table? — На столе что-то есть?

There is nobody in the room. — В комнате никого нет.

There is nothing on the table. — На столе ничего нет.

При наличии в предложении местоимений nothing, nobody, nowhere дополнительных отрицаний не требуется.

Nobody knows him. — Никто его не знает.

She has nothing in her bag. — У нее в сумке ничего нет.

I can't find him. Не isnowhere. — Я не могу его найти. Его нигде нет.

Exercises

Дополните предложения словами somebody / something / somewhere or anybody / anything / anywhere.

a) There is ______________ in the bathroom.

b) Did ______________ answer the telephone?

c) Come in. I have to tell you ______________.

d) Is there _____________ interesting to go to over the weekend?

e) _______________ took my car keys.

f) I didn’t say ______________ at the meeting.

g) For me a good place to go on vacation is _______________ by the sea.

h) She’s sure her children are hiding _______________ in the house.

i) I’m so hungry! I would eat ____________.

j) I can do it by myself. I don’t need ____________ to help me.

В следующих предложениях заполните пропуски одним из следующих слов: something/anything - somebody/anybody - somewhere/anywhere

a) She said ______________ but I didn't understand anything.

b) Has ______________ found my blue pencil? No, I'm sorry.

c) Would ______________ help me, please? Yes, I can help you.

d) Have you got ______________ to eat? No, I haven't.

e) Tom, can you give me ______________ to drink, please?

f) Is there ______________ in the house? No, it's deserted.

g) Do you know ______________ about London transport? No, I don't.

h) What's wrong? " There's ______________ in my eye."

i) Would you like ______________ to drink? Yes, please.

j) ______________ has broken the window. I don't know who.

k) He didn't say ______________.

l) I'm looking for my keys. Has ______________ seen them? No, I'm sorry.

m) Teach me ______________ exciting.

n) I didn't eat ______________ because I wasn't hungry.

o) Dad, can we go ______________ on Sunday? Yes, what about going to the zoo?

Present Simple

Образование	Употребление	Временные выражения
Утвердительная	1.Регулярно повторяющееся действие. E.g. I get up at 7 o’clock. 2. Постоянно неизменное действие (или действие, которое остаётся неизменным в течение долгого периода времени). E.g. Vegetarians don’t eatmeat. She worksin a bank. 3.Действие, происходящее в момент речи (с глаголами, которые не употребляются в Present Continues). E.g. I don’t understand this sentence. 4.Будущее действие в придаточных предложениях в решении реального условия. E.g. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. I will ring you when he comes back. 5. Будущее действие, которое произойдет по расписанию E.g. The train leaves at 17.40.	Every day, every other day, often, usually, as usual, seldom, rarely, always, never, sometimes, from time to time, as a rule, regularly, twice a week. Now, at the present moment If, when, until, before, after, as soon as unless, as long as. Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a day, tonight, next morning at 5 pm.
I We You They	live work	he she it	lives works
Отрицательная форма
I We You They	don’tlive work
He She It	doesn’tlive work
Отрицательная
Where do	I we you they	live?
Where does	he she it	live?

Exercises

Поставьте глагол в правильной форме.

Examples:

Water boils (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.

George doesn’t go (not/go) to the cinema very often.

How many languages do you speak (you/speak)?

a) The swimming bath ______________ (open) at 9.00 and ______________ (close) at 18.30 every day.

b) What time ______________ (the banks/close) in Britain?

c) I have a car but I ______________ (not/use) it very often.

d) How many cigarettes ______________ (you/smoke) a day.

e) “What ______________ (you/do)? ” “I’m an electrical engineer.”

f) “Where ______________ (your father/come) from? ” “He ______________ (come) from Scotland.”

g) If you need money, why ______________ (you/not/get) a job?

h) I ______________ (play) the piano, but I ______________ (not/play) very well.

i) I don’t understand the word ‘deceive’. What ______________ (‘deceive’/mean)?

Образуйте отрицательные предложения.

a) Stefan Edberg plays football.

b) The Queen lives at 33, Station Road, London.

c) Kangaroos come from Canada.

d) The sun shines at night.

e) In England people drive on the right.

f) Your teacher arrives late.

3. Ответьте на вопросы, используя краткую форму.

Examples:

“Do you smoke? ”

“Yes, I do”/ “No, I don’t”

a) Do you like science fiction?

b) Do you dream a lot?

c) Do you listen to the radio?

d) Do your parents read a lot?

e) Does your teacher give you a lot of homework?

f) Does it rain a lot in your country?

4. Поставьте вопросы к следующим предложениям. Начните с вопросительного слова, данного в скобках.

Examples:

Tom plays tennis. (How often? ) How often does Tom play tennis?

I get up in the morning. (What time/usually? ) What time do you usually get up?

a) Ann watches television. (How often? ) ______________

b) I write to my parents. (How often? ) ______________

c) I have dinner in the evening? (What time/usually? ) ______________

d) Tom works. (Where? ) ______________

e) I go to the cinema. (How often? ) ______________

f) People do stupid things. (Why? ) ______________

g) The car breaks down. (How often? ) ______________

Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский.

a) Он не любит писать письма.

b) Мы всегда приходим вовремя на занятия.

c) Она часто ездит в Киев.

d) Он работает в банке.

e) Где работают твои родители?

f) Если завтра пойдёт дождь, мы останемся дома.

g) Я не хочу сейчас туда идти.

h) Что вы обычно делаете после занятий?

i) Он говорит по-английски? Да, он хорошо говорит по-английски.

j) Когда он возвращается? Я не знаю.

Present Continuous

Образование	Употребление	Временные выражения
Утвердительная	1.Действие, совершающееся в момент речи E.g. He is reading a book at the moment. 2.Действие, совершающееся в настоящий период времени E.g. She is writing a new novel. 3. Будущее действие, когда высказывается намерение совершить действие или уверенность в его совершении E.g. I am leaving for London tomorrow.	now, at present, at this moment, at the moment Now, at the present moment tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in a day, next week, soon, tonight,
I You We They He She It	am are is	working
Отрицательная форма
I You We They He She It	am not are not is not	working
Вопросительная
Where	am are is	I you we they he she it	working?

Exercises

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в правильной форме.

a) Please, be quiet. I______________ (try) to concentrate.

b) Look! It______________ (snow).

c) Why______________ (you/look) at me like that? Have I said something wrong?

d) You______________ (make) a lot of noise. Can you be a bit quieter?

e) Excuse me, I______________ (look) for a phone book. Is there one near here?

f) (in the cinema) It’s a good film, isn’t it? ______________ (you/enjoy) it?

g) Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They______________ (shout) at each other again.

h) Why______________ (you/wear) your coat today? It’s very warm.

i) I______________ (not/work) this week. I’m on holiday.

j) I want to lose weight. I______________ (not/eat) anything today.

2. Дайте краткие ответы на следующие вопросы.

Example:

Are you working hard?

Yes, I am.

a) Are you enjoying the lesson? ______________

b) Is the teacher smoking? ______________

c) Are people walking on the street? ______________

d) Are they wearing raincoats? ______________

e) Are you feeling OK? ______________

f) Is your friend helping you? ______________

3. Образуйте причастие настоящего времени (Participle I) для следующих глаголов:

think shine get play arrive

wait smoke stop enjoy rob

rain have run fly swim

wear take begin dry start

catch make travel train write

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужном времени: Present Simple или Present Continuous.

a) I ______________ (not/belong) to a political party.

b) Hurry! The bus ______________ (come). I ______________ (not/want) to miss it.

c) The River Nile ______________ (flow) into the Mediterranean.

d) The river ______________ (flow) very fast today – much faster than usual.

e) ______________ (it/ever/snow) in India?

f) We usually ______________ (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we ______________ (not/grow) any.

g) A: Can you drive?

B: No, but I ______________ (learn). My father ______________ (teach) me.

h) You can borrow my umbrella. I ______________ (not/need) it at the moment.

i) (at a party) I usually ______________ (enjoy) parties but I (not/enjoy) this one very much.

j) George says he’s 80 years old but I ______________ (not/believe) him.

k) Ron is in London at the moment. He ______________ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel. He usually ______________ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel.

Present Perfect

Образование	Употребление	Временные выражения
Утвердительная форма	1. Действие, совершившееся к настоящему моменту, результат которого имеется налицо в настоящем времени а) с временными выражениями, выражающими период времени, который еще не закончился: E.g. I have read this book today. b) со словами just, yet, already E.g. I have already seen this film. 2.Описание опыта человека: Е.g. I have never been to London. 3. Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и продолжающееся в настоящем E.g. I have known her since we came to this town. I haven’t seen him for a month.	today, this week, this month, this century, this year yet, already, just ever never for, since
I You We They	have	worked played gone
He She It	has
Отрицательная форма
I You We They	haven’t	worked played gone
He She It	hasn’t
Вопросительная форма
Have	I you we they	worked played gone
Has	he she it

Exercises

1. Составьте предложения об этих людях:

Example: Alice is a journalist.

meet/ a lot of famous people

She has met a lot of famous people.

a) Robert Swam is an explorer.

be/North Pole __________________________.

never/get lost __________________________.

b) Bill and Sophie are unemployed.

not have/a job for six months___________________________.

not have/a holiday since Christmas___________________________.

not be/in the cinema for a year___________________________.

c) Sandra is a tennis player.

play/since she was six ___________________________.

not win/ a senior competition ___________________________.

never play/at Wimbledon ___________________________.

2. Составьте вопросы в Present Perfect, используя слова, данные в скобках:

a) (you/ever/be/to South America? ) ___________________________.

b) (you/read/any English books? ) ___________________________.

c) (you/live/in this town all your life? ) ___________________________.

d) (how many times/you/be/in love? ) ___________________________.

e) (what’s the most beautiful country you/ever/visit? ) ___________________________.

f) (you ever/speak/to a famous person? ) ___________________________.

g) (you/read/a newspaper recently? ) ___________________________.

h) (you/see/Tom in the past few days? ) ___________________________.

i) (you/play/tennis recently? ) ___________________________.

j) (you/eat/anything today? ) ___________________________.

3. Напишите следующие предложения в Present Perfect, используя since или for:

a) Jack lives in Bolton. (since he was born) Jack ___________________________.

b) Bill is unemployed. (since April) Bill ___________________________.

c) Ann has a bad cold. (for the last few days) ___________________________.

d) I want to go to the moon. (since I was a child) ___________________________.

e) My brother is studying languages at university. (for two years) ___________________________.

f) Tim and Jane are working in Sheffield. (since February) ________________________.

g) My cousin is in the army. (since he was 17) ___________________________.

5. Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:

a) Я никогда не читал этой книги.

b) Я не видел его с лета.

c) Я уже говорил вам об этом два раза. Разве вы не помните?

d) Вы написали это упражнение очень плохо. Напишите его ещё раз.

e) Его здесь нет. Он только что вышел.

f) Мы знаем друг друга с тех пор, как я переехал в этот город.

g) Я ещё не видел этот фильм, но я много о нём слышал.

Past Simple

Образование	Употребление	Временные выражения
Утвердительная форма	1.Завершившееся действие в прошлом. E.g. I met him yesterday. 2.Обычное, повторяющееся действие в прошлом E.g. In summer I went for long walks after breakfast. 3.Последовательные действия в прошлом E.g. He put on his coat, took his umbrella and left the house.	yesterday, the day before yesterday three days ago, last year, month in February on Sunday in summer every day, seldom, usually, never, sometimes, as a rule, regularly, twice a week then, after that
I He She It We You They	finished arrived went	yesterday
Отрицательная форма
I He/She/It We You They	didn’t(did not)	arrive finish go	yesterday
Вопросительная форма
Did	I he/she/it we you they	arrive? finish? go?

Exercises

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