Clinical training at the Public Procurator’s Office

(Sample of a report)

The Office of the Public Procurator in the Russian Federation is entrusted with: 1. Prosecution in courts on behalf of the state including public prosecution in criminal cases and public control in some civil cases.

2. Supervision of the observance of the law by the state and municipal organs, officers, organizations and citizens.

3. Protection of human rights.

A clinic course in the Office of the Public Procurator is an obligatory part of the curriculum at Russian law universities. Usually a clinic course takes one or two weeks in a District Office of the Public Procurator. The main aim for students is to get some practical skills of lawyer’s work. Also they must be acquainted with the procurator’s duties and learn clerk’s work. The public procurators in Russia are professional lawyers, so they can teach students to understand laws and apply them. That’s why a clinic course in the Office of the Public Procurator is essential for students.

I had a clinic course in a District Office of the Public Procurator in Moscow in July, 2012. It was my first experience as a lawyer.

Firstly, I was informed about the public procurator’s duties in civil proceedings.

Supervision of the observance of law is very important. Any person who thinks that his or her rights are violated by the state, the municipal organs or some other organizations, can address to the procurator. The procurator has the right to appeal against any unlawful decisions and actions of state organs and persons in office. The procurator maintains prosecution before the court in the name of the state.

I think that the clinic course in the Office of the Public Procurator was very useful for me as a future lawyer.

Sample of an elective course test list

Elective course test list

№	Study year	Course, group	Name	Hours	Branch of law	Teacher’s recommendations	Teacher’s signature
scheduled	attended

Sample of an attendance form of sections, studios and optional courses

The attendance form of sections, studios and optional courses

№	Study year	Course, group	Name of the additional education system	Confirming documents	Signature of the Head of the additional education system	Points

Teacher’s signature: __________________________________

Sample of an academic self-analysis form

The academic self-analysis form

Student______________ _____Group __________Course

Study year: ___________________
Date: _______________

My past year results:

1. From the scheduled I managed to perform:

2. I didn’t manage to perform ______________________, because:

3. In the Legal English course the most important things for me became:

4. During this study year the most significant for me was:

5. During this study year my self-evaluation has changed:

6. Nowadays the most significant branch of law for me is ________________________, as:

Signature: _______________

Sample of the student’s achievements list

Personal achievements list

№	Education sphere	Name of the document	Level	Place	Points
Olympiads

Conferences

Competitions

Contests

Festivals

Other activities

Sample of the certification list

Certification list

№	Name of the document	Points

Signature:

Awards list

(Sample of an award form)

№	Level	Name of the document	Place	Points

My achievements

(Sample of an essay on personal achievements)

I don’t like to speak about my achievements but there’s something I’m really proud of – I passed all the exams with flying colours and from now on I will be getting my education at the university free of charge. Frankly speaking, I’ve always been an A-student. I like to study. When at school I often took part in different contests and conferences. My favourite subjects were history and social science, so, I had no doubt about choosing the legal profession.

When I was in my first year at the university I joined the students’ drama club. The two performances I took part in were a great success.

Now I am a trainee at the Law Clinic of the University, I help poor people, solving their problems. It takes much time, but it's good experience for me as a future lawyer.

I'm also proud of being able to play three musical instruments as well as speaking three languages (Russian, English and French). I used to speak German too but unfortunately it was long time ago and now I can hardly remember a word...

Music has always been my passion. I guess it's been in my blood from the very day I was born... It's strange but I’ve never really tried to write a melody or a song and I don't know why... Perhaps I'll do it one day.

Well, I guess that's it... Maybe I could write a little more about my achievements but that wouldn't be of great value compared to music and language- study...

SUPPLEMENT

Translate the text in writing.

The Future of the Law

Law, like war, appears to be an inescapable fact of the human condition. But what is its future? The law is, of course, in a constant state of flux.

In a rapidly changing world, growth and adaption are more pressing than ever if the law is to respond adequately to the new threats as well as novel challenges it faces. The character of law has unquestionably undergone profound transformations in the last 50 years, yet its future is contentious. Some argue that the law is in its death throes, while others postulate a contrary prognosis that discerns numerous signs of law’s enduring strength.

On the other hand, though reports of the death of law have been exaggerated, there is ample evidence of the infirmity of many advanced legal systems. Symptoms include the privatization of law (settlement of cases, plea-bargaining, ADR, the spectacular rise of regulatory agencies with wide discretionary powers, and the decline of the rule of law in several countries). On the other hand, there has been a revolution in the role of law that suggests it is both resilient and robust. This transformation includes the extension of the law’s tentacles into the private domain in pursuit of efficiency, social justice, or other political goals; the globalization of law and its internationalization through United Nations, regional organizations, and the European Union; and the massive impact of technology on the law.

There are intractable questions that need to be confronted by legal systems everywhere. Among the most conspicuous is the so-called ‘war on terror’. It requires little perception to realize that in the space of less than a decade many legal systems are faced with variety of problems that test the values that lie at their heart. How can free societies reconcile a commitment to liberty with the necessity to confront threats to undermine that very foundation? Absolute security is plainly unattainable, but even moderate protection against terror comes at a price. And no airline passenger can be unware of the cost in respect of the delays and inconvenience that today’s security checks inevitably entail. But though crime can never be entirely prevented, modern technology does offer extraordinarily successful tools to deter and apprehend offenders. Closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras, for instance, are able to monitor unlawful activities, such recordings supplying prosecutors with powerful evidence in court against the filmed villain. To what extent should the law tolerate this kind of surveillance? Most people would support measures that might successfully prevent crime and, especially since 11 September 2001, acts of terrorism. Surely, a terrorist would be thwarted were a CCTV to record his (or, less likely, her) every move? Law-abiding citizens must feel safer in the knowledge that this surveillance is taking place. And why not? Polls confirm their wide support. Who but robber, abductor, or bomber has anything to fear from the monitoring of his or her activities in public places? Nor should it stop there. Advances in technology render the tracking of an individual’s financial transactions and email communications simple. The introduction of ‘smart’ ID cards, the use of biometrics, and electronic road pricing represent major developments in methods of surveillance. Only the malevolent could legitimately object to these effective methods of crime control.

Sports and Recreation Law

1. Read and translate the text.

Sports law refers to a specialized practice focused on legal issues pertaining to the sports industry. As with entertainment, arts, or hospitality law, sports law generally refers more to the target industry rather than a separate body of law, though there are a few unique legal issues only faced by professional sports leagues. Common sports law issues include labor law, contract issues, unfair competition and antitrust law, and torts.

Much of sports law is divided between amateur and professional sports. Amateur sports are often governed by collegiate athletic associations, like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The NCAA propagates various rules governing issues like ethical conduct, amateur eligibility, financial aid, recruiting, gender equity, championship events, and academic standards. Gender equality is one area of particular interest in amateur collegiate sports. While membership in the NCAA is voluntary, the NCAA has enforcement power and can introduce a series of punishments against both students athletes and member schools. These punishments even include the so-called “death penalty: ” the full shut-down of a sporting activity at an offending college.

Unlike intercollegiate sports, international amateur sports are run by a variety of organizations, like the International Olympic Committee (IOC). International amateur sports can face many of the same legal issues as collegiate sports, and have had a recent spate of anti-doping issues. Often disputes between national sports organizations can become both a proxy for political issues and a flash point for international tensions.

Professional sports leagues, on the other hand, have their own unique set of legal issues. For example, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) acknowledged in 1967 that professional athletes have the right to form unions, or “players associations.” It is now common for these professional players associations to call for work strikes in order to apply pressure to owners, usually while negotiating salary standards for the league.

Doping has also become an issue for professional sports in recent years. Player drug violations may lead to suspensions and loss of salary. The issues even became so pointed in the early part of the 2000's that congressional hearings occurred to investigate the widespread use of performance enhancing drugs in professional sports.

Of course, some of the most famous issues related to sports law have to do with contract negotiations. Players hire agents to represent them in negotiations of multimillion dollar player contracts, trades, promotional deals, etc. Cities negotiate for franchise rights to have a resident team. Stadiums have a stream of commercial contracts with vendors for food and merchandise. Media companies contract for broadcast rights. Obviously, there are many other types of contracts involved in sports law, as well.

In fact, there are a variety of legal matters routinely faced by members of the sports industry. In many ways, it is a general practice with a particular type of clients.

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