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Тема: What does economics study? History of economic thought



Раздел: Чтение

Базовый уровень

1.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Read the text and choose the right statement:

Before economic growth came to Europe, life was very short and very hard. In those days, terrible diseases were very normal; this meant that life was very short. In fact, life expectancy – which means how long people live – was only 25 years. People tried to grow just enough food to live, but often there was not enough. Many children died because they didn’t have the food they needed. One in every three babies born died before they were five years old. There were few doctors, and even fewer medicines. Having children was dangerous for the child and for the mother. One in ten women died giving birth to their children. Then, about 250 years ago, the Industrial Revolution started, and this brought about new ways of thinking. Societies became more democratic. Education became available to more people. The miracle of economic growth had begun.

R. People used to live 25 years.

J. People didn’t use to live 25 years.

J. There were many doctors.

J. Education was available before the Industrial Revolution.

2.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Read the text and choose the right statement:

Before economic growth came to Europe, live was very short and very hard. In those days, terrible diseases were very normal; this meant that life was very short. In fact, life expectancy – which means how long people live – was only 25 years. People tried to grow just enough food to live, but often there was not enough. Many children died because they didn’t have the food they needed. One in every three babies born died before they were five years old. There were few doctors, and even fewer medicines. Having children was dangerous for the child and for the mother. One in ten women died giving birth to their children. Then, about 250 years ago, the Industrial Revolution started, and this brought about new ways of thinking. Societies became more democratic. Education became available to more people. The miracle of economic growth had begun.

R. People didn’t have enough food before economic growth came to Europe.

J. There were enough medicines.

J. Many children survived because they had enough food.

J. Having children was OK for the mother.

3.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Read the text and choose the right statement:

Adam Smith, the so-called father of modern economics, was born in Scotland some time around 1723. Nobody knows exactly when he was born, but his father died when he was about six months old. When he was four years old gypsies kidnapped him. Thankfully, he was quickly rescued by his uncle.

He went to the University of Glasgow when he was only 14 years old. When he was 17 he started his studies at Oxford University. He was there for six years, but he did not start any important work there. He came back to Scotland in 1746. Later he published a book that changed economics forever. Smith’s thinking and writing influenced people like Karl Marx and the founding fathers of America

R. At 14 A.Smith started studying at University.

J. A.Smith was born in the 17th century.

J. When A.Smith was 4 he played with gypsies.

J. Karl Marx didn’t like A.Smith’s ideas.

4.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Read the text and choose the right statement:

Adam Smith and other classical economists were writing at a time of great change. The industrial revolution had begun. Paper money began to replace precious metals. The middle classes were growing stronger. Economists’ theories echoed these changes. They wrote about the division of labour (each worker taking their part in the production process). They discussed the problems of population growth. They influenced thinking about social classes.

R. People began to use paper money.

J. Economists’ theories didn’t reflect any changes.

J. Economists didn’t take the problems of population growth seriously.

J. Economists didn’t like to write about the division of labour.

Раздел: Лексика

Базовый уровень

5.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

housing жилье
heating отопление
convenience благоприятная возможность
  взаимосвязь
  топливо

 

6. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

trade-off обмен
effect влияние
microeconomics микроэкономика
  макроэкономика
  ресурсы

 

7.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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macroeconomics макроэкономика
household домашнее хозяйство
data факты, сведения
  строительство
  безработица

 

8.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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household budget семейный бюджет
to run a business руководить бизнесом
to collect data собирать данные
  оказывать влияние
  домашнее хозяйство

 

9. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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relationship взаимосвязь
precious metal драгоценный металл
medieval times средневековье
  запасы
  добывать металл

 

10.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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merchant купец
goods товары
stocks запасы
  труд
  спрос

 

11. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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scarcity нехватка
abundance изобилие
value стоимость, ценность
  прибыль
  сырье

 

12. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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raw materials сырье
labour труд
supply предложение
  спрос
  дефицит

 

13.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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demand спрос
profit прибыль
firm фирма
  предложение
  график

 

14. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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satisfaction удовлетворение
concept понятие
population население
  изобилие
  кривая

 

15.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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consumer потребитель
economic growth экономический рост
life expectancy продолжительность жизни
  прожиточный минимум
  экономический спад

 

16.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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subsistence level прожиточный минимум
education образование
society общество
  социальный
  продолжительность жизни

 

Средний уровень

17. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

The … began in the late 18th century when machines started to replace human workers.

R. Industrial Revolution

J. concept

J. satisfaction

J. production process

18. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

Sand and limestone are the … needed to make glass.

R. raw materials

J. scarcity

J. precious metals

J. concept

19. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

The … to make a car involves many people and machines.

R. production process

J. profit

J. firm

J. consumer

20. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

The extra money a company makes is called ….

R. profit

J. scarcity

J. abundance

J. firm

21.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

People want … from the products they buy.

R. satisfaction

J. scarcity

J. abundance

J. profit

22. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

… is when there is very little of something

R. Scarcity

J. Abundance

J. Satisfaction

J. Profit

23. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

… is when there is lots of something

R. Abundance

J. Scarcity

J. Concept

J. Consumer

24. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

Cold and silver are examples of ….

R. precious metals

J. raw materials

J. production process

J. abundance

25. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

Another word of idea is ….

R. concept

J. firm

J. profit

J. consumer

26. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

The … is the number of people a country has.

R. population

J. firm

J. profit

J. consumer

27. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

A business or company is sometimes called a ….

R. firm

J. consumer

J. population

J. profit

28. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Complete the sentence with a word or phrase

When we buy things or use services we are a ….

R. consumer

J. merchant

J. demand

J. supply

Высокий уровень

29. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Match the words with the definitions

budget the amount of money you have for something
business company that sells goods or services
convenience easiness
  rising prices
  life without money

 

30. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Match the words with the definitions

data information
demand how much people want something
government the people who control a country and make laws
  easiness
  the importance of tradition

 

31. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Match the words with the definitions

inflation rising prices
trade-off giving away something in exchange for something
unemployment the number of people without work
  information
  the future of the economy

 

32.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Match the words with the definitions

resources something such as money, workers or minerals belonging to an organization, country, etc which can be used to function properly
microeconomics deals with people and private businesses
macroeconomics looks at the economy of a country and of the whole world
  company that sells goods or services
  are always in danger of hunger and disease

 

33. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Match the words with the definitions

positive economics studies economic data and tries to explain the behavior of the economy and guesses economic changes before they happen
normative economics suggests how to improve the economy
data collection includes facts and figures about almost anything, from birth rates to coffee production
  deals with people and private businesses
  when there is not enough of something

 

 

Тема: Econometrics

Раздел: Чтение

Базовый уровень

34. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Read the text and answer the question:

A recent survey showed how boys and girls in the United Kingdom spend their money each week. The biggest expense each week is food, with children spending almost five pounds a week on sweets and snacks. Boys and girls spend exactly the same amount on food, but the survey showed some interesting differences in other spending. For example, girls spend exactly two pounds more per week on clothes and personal care. Girls also spend 30 pence more on mobile phone calls than boys do. Boys, on the other hand, spend 30 pence less on books and magazines, but they spend an amazing two pounds fifty on games and hobbies.

Do boys spend more on food than girls?

R. They spend the same amount as girls.

J. Yes, they do.

J. No, they spend less.

J. We don’t know.

Раздел: Лексика

Базовый уровень

35. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

empirical основанный на опыте
variable переменная величина
theory теория
  постоянная величина
  структурный анализ

 

36.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

time-series analysis анализ временных рядов
cross-sectional analysis структурный анализ
panel data analysis анализ панельных данных
  анализ роста безработицы
  теоретический анализ

 

37. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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increase возрастать
earn зарабатывать
income доход
  эмпирический
  переменная величина

 

38.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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evidence свидетельство
combine комбинировать
statistics статистика
  зарабатывать
  возрастать

 

39.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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save экономить
measure измерять
salary заработная плата
  доход
  свидетельство
     

 

40. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

analysis анализ
a variable переменная величина
academic преподаватель
  академик
  неизменная величина

 

41. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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survey исследование
chart график
curve кривая
  анализ
  прогнозировать

 

42. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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exception to the law исключение из закона
price elasticity эластичность цены
vertical axis вертикальная ось
  исследование
  график

 

43. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

particular market конкретный рынок
horizontal axis горизонтальная ось
equilibrium point точка равновесия
  биржевой рынок
  точка отсчета

 

44. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

confusing недоразумение
law закон
demand спрос
  предложение
  потребление

 

45. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

available доступный
limited ограниченный
exception исключение
  впечатляющий
  возможный

 

46. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

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apply применять
taxes налоги
set устанавливать
  рекомендовать
  ограничивать

 

47. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Translate

impressive впечатляющий
shift смена
price цена
  применять
  исключение

 

Средний уровень

48. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

Prices usually … from one year to the next.

R. increase

J. save

J. combine

J. fall

49. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

People work in order to … money.

R. earn

J. combine

J. measure

J. spend

50. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

My granny’s only … is her pension.

R. income

J. salary

J. evidence

J. theory

51. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

Einstein is famous for his … of relativity.

R. theory

J. analysis

J. income

J. statistics

52. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

The police search for … to help them find the criminal.

R. evidence

J. variables

J. theory

J. income

53. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

If you … blue with red you get purple.

R. combine

J. increase

J. measure

J. make

54. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

Governments … show that crime is rising.

R. statistics

J. evidence

J. theory

J. decisions

55.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

People … their money in bank accounts.

R. save

J. increase

J. spend

J. express

56.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

You can use a ruler to … the size of things.

R. measure

J. save

J. earn

J. bring

57. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

A person’s … is the money they earn each month from work.

R. salary

J. income

J. evidence

J. inflation

58. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

His … of the problem is very good.

R. analysis

J. theory

J. example

J. formula

59. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

In experiments, scientists try to find out what makes … change.

R. a variable

J. evidence

J. formula

J. example

60. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the correct word

An expert in a subject who works and teaches at a university is known as an ….

R. academic

J. individual

J. economist

J. worker

Высокий уровень

61. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Match the words with the definitions

econometrics collecting evidence and doing the maths and statistics
time-series analysis shows how variables change over a period of time
cross-sectional analysis compares variables at one point in time
  only good for academic work
  is really confusing

 

62.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Match the words with the definitions

panel data analysis is a combination of cross-sectional with time-series analysis  
econometrics is about finding relationships between variables  
demand is how much of the same good or service people would like to buy  
  depends on how much people want them and how easily they can be found  
  is most in demand in our country now  
       

 

63.Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Match the words with the definitions

taxes an amount of money you have to pay to the government that it uses to provide public services and pay for government institutions
survey to ask a large number of people questions to find out their opinions
the law of demand says that demand for something falls as its price rises
  compares variables at one point in time
  decides what people do

64. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the best answer

A theory is only good if you can …

R. test it

J. express it clearly

J. measure it

J. help governments

65. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the best answer

Empirical evidence is evidence that …

R. can be measured

J. we can see

J. we can’t see

J. economists can’t use

66. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the best answer

Econometrics is …

R. the maths that economists use

J. a way to measure how much someone saves

J. a formula to find out why people save

J. making things more complicated

67. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the best answer

Panel data analysis …

R. shows differences groups and changes over time

J. only shows differences over time

J. only shows differences between groups

J. tries to find out variable A

68. Задание {{ 1 }}ТЗ 1

Choose the best answer

Econometrics is …

R. good for making practical economic decisions

J. only good for academic work

J. only good for proving theories

J. only good for discussing the problems of population growth

 


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