Exercise 6.Translate into Russian using a dictionary.

Lithium-ion offers an attractive third op­tion—depending on the chemistry, a sin­gle lithium-ion system can replace both lead acid batteries, providing cleaner, more reliable performance in a package that is about one-half of the weight. Lithium-ion systems also offer a far greater charge acceptance rate than lead acid, allowing the battery to capture more of the vehicle's energy during deceleration/ braking and store it to support electrical loads when the engine is off. This also reduces parasitic loss when the engine is on, further boosting fuel economy and increasing engine performance.( 595 characters)

Exercise7. Topics for reports:

1. Advantages of lithium-ion batteries over traditional ones.

2. Characteristics of lithium-ion batteries.

3. The lithium–ion battery technology is an engineering challenge.

Text 5 C. Lithium- ion Batteries

by Marshall Brain

Read the following text and state advantages and disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries.

1. Here is a way to get a perspective on the energy density. A typical lithium-ion battery can store 150 watt-hours of electricity in 1 kilogram of battery. A NiMH (nickel-metal hydride) battery pack can store perhaps 100 watt-hours per kilogram.A lead-acid battery can store only 25 watt-hours per kilogram. Using lead-acid technology, it takes 6 kilograms to store the same amount of energy that a 1 kilogram lithium-ion battery can handle. That is a huge difference.

 

 

Figure 8.

2. They hold their charge. A lithium-ion battery pack loses only about 5 percent of its charge per month, compared to a 20 percent loss per month for NiMH batteries. Lithium-ion batteries can handle hundreds of charge/discharge cycles. But they have a few disadvantages as well: They start degrading as soon as they leave the factory. They will only last two or three years from the date of manufacture whether you use them or not. They are extremely sensitive to high temperatures. Heat causes lithium-ion battery packs to degrade much faster than they normally would. If you completely discharge a lithium-ion battery, it is ruined.

3. A lithium-ion battery pack must have an on-board computer to manage the battery. This makes them even more expensive than they already are. Lithium-ion battery packs come in all shapes and sizes, but they all look about the same on the inside. If the battery pack gets too hot during charging or use, the computer will shut down the flow of power to try to cool things down. If the cells ever become completely discharged, the battery pack will shut down because the cells are ruined. It may also keep track of the number of charge/discharge cycles and can tell you how much charge is left in the battery. It is a pretty sophisticated little computer, and it draws power from the batteries. This power draw is one reason why lithium-ion batteries lose 5 percent of their power every month when sitting idle.

( 1930 characters)

Text 5 D

1. Read the following text without a dictionary.

2. Give a title to the text.

3. Render the text in English.

1. The Chinese government and automakers are pushing ahead with the development of green cars. The energy conversion rate of electric vehicles in general is 46 percent higher than in internal combinations engine cars, and they have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 68 percent.

2. In electric power mode, the batteries can sustain up to 90 minutes driving, or 80 kilometers, before the gas engine takes over. The good thing is that the electric car is smooth and quiet. What is more, it saves fuel costs compared to the other cars. But the shortage of recharging stations has made it impractical to take the hybrid car anywhere other than the office.

3. The country also faces the challenge of reducing green-house gas emissions in every sector of the economy. An area that has raised great concern is emissions caused by the explosive growth of the car population in the many sprawling urban districts. As a result, great emphasis has been placed on the developments of green cars that can be widely accepted by consumers. The car, which produces zero emissions, has a range of 120 kilometers on full charge compared to about 80 km for the existing models. Battery performance remains the challenge to the practicality of electric vehicles.

(1260 characters)

Unit6

Nouns

	shock	амортизатор
	gear	шестерня
	consumption	расход
	handling	управляемость
	stiffness	жесткость
	bandwidth	полоса частот, ширина диапазона
	gains	зд. коэффициент передачи
	complexity	сложность
	attempt	попытка

Verbs

	tailor	проектировать
	recapture	брать обратно
	promote	cодействовать
	employ	использовать
	adjust	регулировать
	reverse	менятьнаправление
	unsettle	смещать
	traverse	перемещаться
	feedback	подавать в обратном направлении
	experience	испытывать
	seek	искать
	handle	управлять
	fallshort	не достичь цели

Adjectives

	uneven	неровный
	unsettled	неустойчивый
	swaying	качательный (одвижении)
	soft	мягкий
	previous	предыдущий
	affordable	доступный
	rough	пересеченный
	modest	небольшой, скромный

New words

Word-combinations

	gearpump	шестеренчатый насос
	the electric power-regeneration process	технология рекуперации энергии
	regenerative braking	рекуперативная тормозная система
	to promote efficient innovations	содействовать инновационным разработкам
	the damping rate	коэффициент демфирования
	uneven terrain	пересеченная местность
	the swaying motion of the piston	колебание поршня
	the power supply	система энергоснабжения
	energy consumption	расход энергии
	a soft suspension	мягкая подвеска
	maintain the comfort	обеспечивать комфортные условия
	to absorb bumps	смягчать удары
	high-bandwidth active suspension	подвеска с высоким частотным диапазоном
	the vast gains of active suspension	преимущества активной подвески
	modest power consumption	малый расход энергии

Exercise 1. Match the pairs of synonyms

	dampers	a	to maneuver
	to tailor	b	to control
	to employ	c	develop
	to regulate	d	to use
	to house	e	to cross
	to traverse	f	to contain
	to handle	g	suspension

Text 6 A.

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