Buy a fuel-efficient car and keep it that way

Good gas is a way to stop pollution. Choose a car that is friendly to the environment when you buy one.

Keep your car tuned up

A car that badly tuned releases more pollutants into the air. If you keep track of your gas mileage, you'll know when something is wrong. A badly tuned car uses almost 10% more gas than a well-tuned car. Other ways to waste gas are:

Idling your car unnecessarily. If you are stopped for longer than a minute, it is more fuel efficient to turn off your engine.

Using dirty fuel filters. Dirty fuel filters waste gas.

Air Conditioner Maintenance. Of course, this causes a big prob­lem for both us and our mechanics. Our mechanics will have to make sure that there are no leaks, and fix them if there are, before they can add any R-12 (freon) to our air conditioning systems. Naturally, this cost will be passed along to us.

Section 14

1.Прочтите текст с целью общего понимания содержания.

2.Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых говорится о том, чего не следует делать.

3. Кратко перечислите, что необходимо предпринять для улучшения экологических условий.

TEXT

Gas Ecology

There are many ways that we can reduce pollution by observing good gas ecology — that is using our cars in fuel efficient ways.

Don't move the car unless you are going somewhere. Plan ahead. Starting the car up just to move it a short distance produces more pol­lutants than hours of driving on the freeway.

Don't use your heater until the car is warmed up. The engine will start more quickly, because it won't be losing heat to warm you.

Try to drive within 35-45 miles per hour when possible. Driving at slower speeds reduces engine efficiency and causes more pollutants.

Don't make fast starts or stops. Fast starts can burn more than 50% gas than regular acceleration (as well as cause 50% more emis­sions). When a big burst of gas enters the engine, much of catalytic converter's job is bypassed and the unburned gas comes out the tailpipe or is sent into the converter. Rapid acceleration is only called for in emergency or passing situations. Stopping rapidly also leaves the en­gine with a lot of unburned gas to deal with. This results in damage to the converter and pollution.

Try not to idle. At bank lines and fast food places with over thirty second waits, turn the engine off, and restart it. It is more fuel efficient, and causes less pollution. The only time that idling is a good thing is after a long, fast run. Idling the engine for a minute or so after one of these helps get rid of any hot spots and fuel vapors.

Keep to steady speeds on the highway. Changing speeds produces more pollution and uses more gas. Don't use the air conditioner unless you have to. It makes your engine work harder, uses more gas, and causes more pollution. Most evaporative emissions get into the atmos­phere when we put gas in our cars. Make sure your gas cap is the right one, and in good working order. Gas caps don't cost that much, but are very important in anti-pollution.

Since gasoline expands, never overfill your tank. It will wind up leaking out.

Use known brands of gas. Poor quality gas will not save you money. Instead, it will foul your engine and cause it to function badly. Try several different brands and octane ratings to find out which makes you car the happiest, and stay with it.

Section 15

1.Прочтите текст с целью общего понимания содержания.

2.Найдите в тексте абзац, в котором идет речь о типах столкновений.

3.Какова основная функция ремней безопасности?

4.Каковы основные правила поведения пешеходов при пересечении проезжей части улицы?

TEXT

Road Safety

Every year several thousand people are lolled on the roads. Every year hundred thousand people are injured. These people are killed and injured in road accidents.

Accidents are often caused by carelessness of the people. There are rules that help to make the roads safe, but people do not follow the rules.

In our country as in most other countries traffic keeps to the right, but in Great Britain traffic keeps to the left. While driving the car you can get into trouble. The data indicate that in road accidents the pas­sengers who use different kinds of safety belts suffer from the impacts less than the passengers who don't use ones. It was shown that safety belts had reduced the risk of serious injuries.

Accidents can be divided into three types as follows:

1.Head-on impacts between cars;

2.Side impacts caused by accidents at intersections;

3.Rear impacts in which the car (often stationary) is struck from the rear by another car.

Head-on accidents are the most numerous in which the driver and the front seat passenger suffer head injuries. That is why the most im­portant function of safety belts is to protect the driver and passenger from head injury.

In up-to-date cars various types of safety cushions are used to pro­tect the lives of those sitting in the car. But the gold rule is to be careful on the road while driving the car.

As far as the pedestrians are concerned they should obey the fol­lowing rules: before crossing the road, stop and look both ways. Look right, look left, and then look right again. If the road is clear, it is safe to cross it.

 

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ

Справочные материалы

Неправильные (нестандартные) глаголы.

Таблица 1

 

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Participle II	Перевод
(I форма)	(II форма)	(III форма)
be	was, were	been	быть
become	became	become	становиться
begin	began	begun	начинать (ся)
break	broke	broken	ломать
bring	brought	brought	приносить
build	built	built	строить
burn	burnt	burnt	гореть, жечь
buy	bought	bought	покупать
choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
come	came	come	приходить
cut	cut	cut	резать
do	did	done	делать
draw	drew	drawn	тащить, рисовать
drink	drank	drunk	пить
drive	drove	driven	везти, ехать
eat	ate	eaten	есть
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
fight	fought	fought	бороться
find	found	found	находить
fly	flew	flown	летать
forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
get	got	got	получать, становиться
give	gave	given	давать
go	went	gone	идти, ехать
grow	grew	grown	расти, выращивать
hang	hung	hung	вешать
have	had	had	иметь
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hold	held	held	держать
keep	kept	kept	хранить
know	knew	known	знать
lead	led	led	вести

 

Таблица 1 (Продолжение)

 

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Participle II	Перевод
(I форма)	(II форма)	(III форма)
learn	learnt, learned	learnt, learned	учить(ся)
leave	left	left	оставлять
let	let	let	позволять
light	lit	lit	зажигать
lose	lost	lost	терять
make	made	made	делать
mean	meant	meant	значить
meet	met	met	встречать
put	put	put	класть
read	read [red]	read [red]	читать
ring	rang	rang	звонить
ran	ran	ran	бежать
say	said	said	сказать, говорить
see	saw	seen	видеть
sell	sold	sold	продавать
send	sent	sent	посылать
set	set	set	помещать, класть
show	showed	shown	показывать
shut	shut	shut	закрывать
sing	sang	sung	петь
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
sleep	slept	slept	спать
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
spend	spent	spent	тратить, проводить
stand	stood	stood	стоять
swim	swam	swam	плавать
take	took	taken	брать
teach	taught	taught	учить, обучать
tell	told	told	сказать
think	thought	thought	думать
throw	threw	thrown	бросать
understand	understood	understood	понимать
win	won	won	выигрывать
write	wrote	written	писать

 

Словообразование

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