I. Look at the picture below and guess what it is. What are these instruments called in English?

II. Now read the text and learn the functions of these instruments.

This is an instrument panel in a car. There are 3 instruments on it. Instrument A is for indicating the speed of a car. It has a scale and a pointer. It’s called a speedometer. Instrument В is for indicating current. It is called an ammeter. It also has a scale and a pointer. Instrument С is for indicating the engine speed. It is called a tachometer. It has a scale and a pointer, too.

III. Answer the questions.

1. What is instrument A called?

2. What is it for?

3. What is an ammeter?

4. What is an instrument for indicating the engine speed called?

5. A speedometer has a scale and a pointer, doesn’t it?

IV. Define whether the following sentences are true or false.

1. There are more than 3 instruments on the car panel in the picture.

2. A speedometer doesn’t have a pointer.

3. An ammeter is for indicating current.

4. A tachometer is for indicating the speed of a car.

V. Ask your groupmate about the functions of these devices.

EXAMPLE: a speedometer

– What is this?

– This is a speedometer.

– What is it for?

– It’s for indicating the speed of a car.

1. a speedometer

2. an ammeter

3. a tachometer

Activity

I. Make up short dialogues using different expressions of opinion, agreement and gratitude as in the example.

EXAMPLE: – What is this called?

– I guess, this is called a screwdriver.

– Is this a tool for driving in screws?

– Yes, right you are.

– Many thanks.

– Don’t mention it.

A screwdriver / for driving in screws

a speedometer / for indicating the speed of a car

an ammeter / for indicating current

a thermometer / for measuring temperature

 

II. Describe with your partner the functions of these instruments in the picture.

Writing

I. Look at the pictures. Do you recognize these instruments? Give their description.

II. Translate this text into Ukrainian.

As you know we have different devices for indicating current. They are called ammeters. Are these devices reliable? Here are sever­al instructions for your work with them.

Check that your ammeters show zero when there is no current іц the circuit.

Connect two or more ammeters in series in a circuit. If one amme­ter has a very different reading, it is badly calibrated ( погано калібрований ).

Further reading

I . Learn the following words and word-combinations to comprehend the text.

throttle	wheel
speed	brake
select	turn
maintain	headland
governor	forward
manure	reverse
job	engage
clutch	power-take-off
	feature

 

II. Read and translate the text.

INSTRUMENT PANEL

1. Throttle. This is used to set the engine speed. The hand throttle is used to select the required engine speed for the work in hand. A foot throttle can also be used. This speed is maintained by the governors. It is very useful when loading manure or doing similar jobs.

2. Clutch pedal. We knew that the drive from the engine to the gear-box was engaged and disengaged with the clutch. Tractors with a dual clutch need the pedal pressed half way down to stop the wheels and fully down to stop the power take-off. The clutch pedal is on the left of the driver's seat.

3. Brakes. A tractor-braking system has three main uses; these are:

to stop the tractor;

to park;

to assist with steering the tractor, especially on head­lands.

There are two brake pedals, one for each wheel. They can be used independently in the field to help with turn­ing on the headlands. Most tractors have a handbrake as well as the footbrakes.

4. Gear levers. Most tractors have two. They are used to select any of the range of forward or reverse speeds or the neutral position. One lever is used to select either high or low speed. The other is used to select the re­quired gear. A typical tractor will have eight forward and two reverse gears.

5. Power-take-off lever. Drive is engaged with a lever after the clutch pedal is pressed down. Some tractors have an independent clutch for the power-take-off. It is not connected to the main transmission clutch. In this case, the clutch lever is moved by hand to engage, or disengage, the power-take-off drive.

Many tractors have a choice of two power-take-off speeds. One is the British standard speed of 540 rpm. The other is an American standard speed of 1,000 rpm which is mainly used to drive equipment with a high power requirement. A lever is used to select the power-take-off speed. Big tractors also have two power-take-off shaft ends.

6. Hydraulics. There are many different controls and each tractor manufacturer has special features in the design of the hydraulic system. The basic hydraulic con­trols are:

1) Draft control, which is used for implements which work in the soil, such as a plough or cultivator. It main­tains a regular working depth without the use of depth wheels.

2) Equipment used above ground level (sprayers and mowers are examples) are used in position control.

Most tractors have a separate lever to operate the draft and position control systems.

TRACTOR INSTRUMENTS

7. Tractor meter. It records the number of hours work­ed by the engine and also measures the engine speed in revolutions per minute (rpm). Some tractor meters show the forward speed of the tractor in each gear. Tractors without a speedometer have a chart on the instrument panel which gives the forward speed in each gear at se­lected engine speeds.

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