Name the main legislative acts in Kazakhstan

Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan

On 28 January 1993 the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted the first Constitution of the independent Kazakhstan. After that, on 30August 1995, it was changed to the contemporaryConstitution, which was adopted at an all-nation referendum. On October 7, 1998 the Parliament enacted a «Law on amendments and complements to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan». This revision dealt with matters pertaining to the president's term of office, age restrictions, succession of authority in case of his death or resignation, and terms of Majilis and Senate members. The Main Law of Kazakhstan constitutionally requires a presidential form of government. According to it, law reform in present-day Kazakhstan is based on ideological and political pluralism, legislation ensuring the human rights and social-legal guarantees.

After independence finding Kazakhstan needed in the international political recognition and there was a need of reduction in compliance with the international precepts of law of the national ecological legislation. Formation of Kazakhstan's environmental legislation was under the influence of a set of interrelated economic, social and political factors that directly or indirectly affect the content and dynamics. This rather arbitrary delimited amount of occasions and processes and factors, in turn, determines also the character of the main trends and objectives largely determine the development of the entire system of legislation in general and in particular environmental legislation, resulting in offensive terms the consequences of environmental issues.

The emergence of our country at a sufficiently high level of development, its importance in the international arena is led to the rethinking of the environmental situation and legislation in this domain now.

 

Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan consists of nine sections, 47 chapters and 326 articles.

 

47. How do you understand term `sustainable society`?

People have been busy trying to build a perfect society where they can live and enjoy. Only until recently, many of them started to wonder whether our society could last long enough to see its perfection. With this in mind, they began to ask; “What is a sustainable society?” Based on experience, knowledge, and vision of the world, different people have offered different answers to this question. Our answer to this question is the following:

A sustainable society is one that can progress without catastrophic setbacks in the foreseeable future.

This answer recognizes the fact that human beings will not be able to build a perfect society or even to agree upon what is a perfect society for very many generations to come. A sustainable society is simply one that can avoid a devastating blow so that human society can continue its long journey to perfection.

In the past, by design or by accident, the planet Earth was a sustainable system in a grand view. First, the planet and its energy source, the Sun, were stable. Second, the law of nature had successfully ruled every living thing on Earth. Individual species which threatened the integrity of an ecosystem because of overpopulation or having destructive living habits were quickly suppressed by means of resource starvation. As a result, a colorful and vibrant world existed before human beings started to dominate the world. Nature was not perfect, but it was sustainable.

Armed with the capability to think, human beings discovered ways to utilize the resources the Earth had accumulated in the past. For example, a forest may have taken several hundred years or more to establish. Every year, it produced a certain amount of resources, such as fruits, lumber, etc. If our yearly consumptions were limited to the amount the forest produced each year, we would be on sustainable footing. However, we wanted more, much more. To support our ever increasing demands, we cut down the entire forest. Even that was not enough; we dug underneath for the resources that nature had built for millions of years.

 

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