Water resources management in Kazakhstan.

In 2012 in Johannesburg at the World Summit on a sustainable development all countries which have taken part in it was decided "to develop Plans of the integrated management of water resources and effective use of water by 2005". On third (2003) and the fourth World water forums (2006) it was noted that water crises are first of all crises of management, inconsistency of actions of interested parties and insufficient financing that demands new approaches to their decision.

Now the integrated management of water resources is the most progressive technology which is among the international priorities of decade "Water for life" (2005-2015). This process coordinates development and management of water, land and related resources, improves indicators of social and economic development without violation of stability of the vital ecosystems.

The national plan for the integrated management of water resources and increase of efficiency of water use of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the fundamental document on improvement of a control system by water sector of economy of the republic and determines a complex of priority actions by creation of favorable legal conditions, formation of the organizational environment and development of instruments of water resources management in Kazakhstan.

The actual deterioration of infrastructure of water management sector makes more than 60%. It demands the decision taking into account the international experience.

One of the reasons of degradation of ecosystems — imperfection of a control system of quality of water of basins of the rivers of Kazakhstan, and also system of the prevention and elimination of harmful effects of waters is imperfect.

The listed problems of water sector of economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan can have the extraordinary negative economic and social consequences causing damage to environment, resource potential and population health: ecological disaster of the Aral Sea; low supply of the population with safe drinking water; environmental problems of oil and

The objectives of the National plan will be achieved by means of the solution of the following tasks:

• legislation improvement in the field of water resources management;

• improvement of organizational structure, increase of potential and formation of intersectoral partnership in the field of use and protection of water objects;

• introduction of the IWRM ecological component and management of waters quality;

• prevention and elimination of consequences of harmful effects of waters;

• increase of efficiency of water use;

• formation of an information and analytical control system by water resources;

• development of the international cooperation and improvement of management by cross-border water objects.

The staged solution of tasks of the National plan is carried out by means of a complex of instruments of the integrated management: assessment of water resources and need for them, development of management plans by water resources at different levels of hierarchy (interstate, republican, basin, territorial); modeling of scenarios of development of water sector; demand management and more effective use of water; resolution of conflicts, fair water dividing, etc.

Ecosystem approach considers interests of all water users. Prevention of floods, regulation of a drain and water-supplies, improvement of quality of surface and underground water, fixing of deposits, decrease in an erosion of soils, stabilization of river coast and coastal lines and decrease in potential of landslides, improvement of an infiltration of water, stimulation of accumulation of water in the soil, simplification of replenishment of underground waters, etc. — all these actions necessary for providing health of ecosystems.

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