Text 10. Cargo transportation

Aviation is in need in many spheres of national economy. It is widely used not only for passenger and cargo transportation but also in agriculture, industrial projects, ambulance and rescue operations etc.

Cargo transportation is carried out both by passenger and cargo aircraft.

Building materials, pipes, equipment, cars, consumer goods, metalwork, machine tools and foodstuff- all these are delivered with guaranteed safety and always on time on board of cargo planes, which can carry both bulky and containerized cargoes

Airlines want to be linked with the large network of agents, forwarders, shippers, banks, customs office and other segments of the cargo community. The computerized cargo system enables them not only be linked with each other but also have direct entry to such data bank.

It performs 2 functions. The first is networking, which allows users to communicate. This system takes incoming calls & sends them out to the proper office as well. It translates the incoming message into the appropriate language for transmittal. The second is the data bank, or information library, which provides users with rates, routings, customs, requirements tracking, and hazardous cargo requirements.

Among benefits are the following:

> increased cargo income through better interline invoicing;

> reduction in staff;                                                                                           

> reduced operative and maintenance costs ;                                                
> better use of aircraft capacity;

> better yield with yield management;

> increased share in the handling of small cargo;

To occupy a definite position on a market place air carriers (operators) provide customers with different services. For example, KLM Cargo carries out PDS (Publication Distribution Services), Lufthansa GCS (German Cargo Services) specializes in the carriage of livestock. There is a charter helicopter cargo service to deliver documents and printed matters to institutions in New York metropolitan area.

Speaking about cargo transportation we cannot but mention documents which accompany cargo. They are Cargo Manifest, Air Waybill, Load Sheet, Air; Cargo Cornet, Proforma Invoice etc.

A few words should be said about airports, where charging and discharging of cargo is carried out.

It is commonly known that an airport is a very expensive thing to run and the administration has to take care that it is used if not 24 hours a day, then at least 18 or 20 and that is very hard to achieve purely with cargo. So, airports that provide both passenger and cargo facilities really do offer carriers the best of both worlds.

The best example of all cargo airports can be Dubai Airport. It is equipped with warehouses and docks for import/export, perishable cargoes. There are racks for small, medium and large warehouse pallets. Warehouse employees deliver items to and from the racks using elevating transfer vehicles, transfer vehicles forklifts and conveyor belts. Such airports will provide carriers with maximum support.

Air cargo is a major source of business and one of the main determinants of profitability for airlines that manage it effectively.

 

Exercise 69 . Match Ukrainian and English equivalents.

 

	1. комп’ютеризована система	a) shipment
	2. насипний/наливний вантаж	b) warehouse
	3. партія товару	c) bulk consignment
	4. швидкопсувний продукт	d) customs
5. продукти харчування		e) computerized system
6. вантажоперевізник		f) aircraft capacity
7. складське приміщення		g) vehicle
8. митниця		h) perishable product
9. пропускна спроможність літаків		i) forwarder
10. транспортний засіб		j) foodstuff

Exercise 70. Match English and Ukrainian equivalents.

 

1. rack	a) піддон
2. livestock	b) контейнер
3. pallet	c) вертоліт
4. profitability	d) експлуатаційні витрати
5. helicopter	e) крупна рогата худоба
6. charge-discharge	f) завантажувати-розвантажувати
7. invoice	g) керувати аеропортом
8. to run an airport	h) рахунок-фактура
9. container	i) полиця
10.maintenance costs	j)прибутковість

 

Exercise 71. Give the right terms to the following definitions.

 

1.A person or organization whose business is to carry or transport something. Railroads, trucking companies and shipping lines are ___________. 2.The goods or merchandise carried by a ship, plane, or vehicle are called __________. 3. A box, can, jar, or the like that contains or holds something is called __________. 4. The act of shipping goods. Something shipped is known as __________. 5.A mechanical device for transporting objects over relatively short distances, usually designed as moving , continuous belt or a series of rollers is called _________.

 

Exercise 72. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. Aviation … not only for passenger and cargo transportation (use). 2. Cargo … on board of cargo planes (deliver). 3. Charging and discharging of cargo … in the airports (carry out). 4. Operators … customers with different services (provide). 5. Airports … with warehouses, racks and docks for import/export perishable cargo (equip). 6. GCS … in the carriage of livestock since 1980 (specialize). 7. Helicopters deliver shipments in minutes instead of the hours it … via crowded roads (take).

Exercise 73.Name the definitions with the terms below.

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