Ex. 2. These are the key words to Lesson 1. You are to copy them and memorize their meanings.

Word-box:

аutomatic train operation (ATO) – автоведение поездa; аutomatic route setting (ARS) – автоматическая установка маршрута; a route setting panel – пульт маршрутной централизации; Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) – диспетчерская централизация (ДЦ); a color light signal, a traffic light – цветовой светофор; a point /a switch (BE) – стрелочный перевод; a circuit – цепь, short-circuit – короткое замыкание, a track-circuit – рельсовая цепь, to track circuit – оборудовать рельсовыми цепями; a trunk line, a main line – магистраль; a control console – пульт управления; an indication – показание; a single control center – единый центр управления; a switch – переключатель, a push-button switch – кнопочный переключатель; a track diagram – схема пути, путевое табло; track occupancy – занятость пути.

 

    Ex. 3. Copy the following words and memorize their meanings:

an approach – подход,

to approach – приближаться, подходить;

to avoid – избегать;

conventional – стандартный, типовой; обычный, традиционный;

a delay – задержка,

to delay – задерживать;

entire (+ noun)– целый, весь.

    Read and translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Our plane was badly delayed because of fog. 2. Mr Evans has been delayed but will be joining us shortly. 3. Any delay in the production process is costly to a company. 4. You can expect long delays on the roads because of vacation traffic. 5. A tourist approached us and asked us the way to the theatre. 6. She was approached by a waiter. 7. As the train approached the station, its whistle sounded shrilly. 8. Mr Kohara rose to his feet at the approach of his guests and made a little bow. 9. The best way to lose weight is to avoid eating fatty food. 10. When preparing for exams late-night parties are best avoided. 11. At last, I had an entire day to myself. 12. I realized that our entire conversation had been recorded. 13. This function of the word-processor allows you to correct the entire document before printing. 14. Rosemary led quiet, conventional life until she went to the university. 15. Some people believe in acupuncture but I still believe in a more conventional approach to medicine. 16. Be careful! The train is approaching the station! 17. Drivers are advised to avoid Elm Street today due to heavy traffic and long delays.

 

    Ex. 4. Translate the words given in the box into English:

подход, весь, задерживать, избегать, задержка, приближаться, обычный

    Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word and translate the sentences. Mind the Grammar!

1. We decided to … our holiday until next month. 2. We … that strange insect with care. 3. Don’t …: act today! 4. I left early to … getting stuck in traffic. 5. … of up to 2 hours have been reported on all roads this morning. 6. … using informal language when you are writing an essay. 7. The … of winter brings cold weather. 8. We spent the … evening talking. 9. … medicine couldn’t help her, so she tried using herbs.  10. There will be some … on all roads because of heavy traffic this morning. 11. All … to the town were blocked. 12. We left our car in the station … . 13. You should take a scientific … to this problem. 14. As I … the house, I noticed a light on upstairs. 15. If delivery …., we will inform you immediately. 16. We went early to …. traffic jams.       17. The railroad enables distribution across the … North American continent. 18. Road safety is taught to young children to … road accidents. 19. Sorry for the …, Mr Weaver. 20. The opening of this section of the road …. until September.

 

Ex. 5. Read and translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the translation of the verb to operate (to operate + adv.mod. = работать ; to operate + noun = управлять ) and its derivatives.

1. Most railways operate signals from a single control center. 2. Check that the equipment is operating in a safe manner. 3. The bus is designed to operate in all weather conditions. 4. Safe operation of trains requires a system of signaling.             5. Nowadays there are no signals that are operated by hand. 6. It is a well-known fact that both points and signals are operated by electricity. 6. The locomotive’s engine operation was normal. 7. Electrical operation of signals and points is the basic element of up-to-date signaling. 8. Nowadays the operation of a railway would be absolutely impossible without a signaling system. 9. Modern trains are operated automatically by means of track circuits. 10. The method of operating railway lines by CTC was used in the USA in 1927. 11. A friend of mine is experienced in operating the computers.      12. The principle of track circuit operation of automatic signals remains the same nowadays. 13. The number of trains operating on the line has increased. 14. This automatic train operation device will be introduced for increasing track capacity (пропускная способность). 15. We know some signals to be operated by hand others to be automatic. 16. Do you know how to operate the air conditioning? 17. The London Underground was also the first underground railway to operate electric trains.

Ex. 6. Read and translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the noun control - руководство , управление , контроль ; and the verb to control – управлять , регулировать , контролировать

1. You can control a humanoid robot with a computer or give him voice instructions. 2. She lost control of the car. 3. You can control the volume of a TV by using a remote control. 4. Methods of controlling train operations evolved over many years of trial and error. 5. The push-button control initiates a series of wireless commands to the correct switches, which move them into the commanded position.    6. A simple to operate, railroad control panel uses green, yellow, and red lamps to represent the status of all switches controlled by the panel. 7. This program enables a PC computer to control the operation of a model railway. 8. The train is controlled by two enginemen. 9. He was in full control of the situation. 10. The fire was out of control by the time the second fire engine arrived. 11. Signals control train traffic much like traffic lights control automobile traffic on roads. 12. This button controls the temperature in the building. 13. Rocky Head power station works 24 hours a day, controlling the electricity supply to over five million homes. 14. The valves in the heart control how quickly blood is pumped round the body. 15. She’s a good driver and controls the car very well. 16. The pilot checks all the controls before take off.

 

    Ex. 7. Read and translate the following attributive groups into Russian:

    traffic control, alarm signal, emergency signal, traffic signals, approach signals, locomotive cab signals, on-board signals, color-light signals, signal indication, signal operation, signal box (signal tower), cab signaling, railway signaling, signaling system, signaling devices, train operation, traffic operation, track circuit operation, line operation, control center, remote control systems, safety systems, train movement, rolling stock monitoring.

          

Ex. 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Nowadays train operation on busy sections of trunk lines (to control – Present Simple Passive) from a single control center. 2. Centralized traffic control (to provide – Present Simple Active) fast communication of information. 3. Automation of signaling systems (to prove – Present Perfect Active) its effectiveness to provide safe passenger and freight traffic. 4. Regulation of speed, programmed stopping and other functions (to handle – Present Simple Passive) automatically by means of automatic train operation. 5. Signaling (to set – Present Simple Active) the route by a database containing the working timetable. 6. We (to leave – Past Simple Active) our car in the station approach. 7. Many new electronic devices (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) to provide safe high-speed traffic. 8. There (to be – Present Simple Active) no need for a dispatcher to monitor every track since centralized traffic control (to introduce – Past Perfect Passive). 9. The departure of the train (not to delay – Past Perfect Passive) regardless the accident. 10. It (to rain - Present Perfect Continuous Active) the entire night. 11. Signaling and telecommunications of railways (to develop - Present Perfect Passive) by modern technology. 12. On the first days of railways there (to be – Past Simple Active) no signals and there (to be – Past Simple Active) no need for signaling. 13. Track circuits (to use – Past Simple Passive) to control signals automatically at the end of the 19^th century. 14. This automatic train operation device (to introduce – Future Simple Passive) for increasing track capacity. 15. Automation on railroads (to mean - Present Simple Active) automatic train operation. 16. Our flight (to delay - Future Simple Passive) because of air-traffic controllers. 17. The Channel Tunnel (to equip – Present Simple Passive) with sensors to monitor air pollution, temperature and visibility. 18. For the line operation an integrated computerized system including automatic train control, scheduling, ticketing, rolling stock monitoring (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) recently. 19. Automatic train operation (ATO) (to ensure - Present Simple Active) partial or complete automatic train piloting and driverless functions. 20. Many railways (to plan - Present Continuous Active) on using ATO in the future.

 

    Ex. 9. Translate the words and word combinations in the box, then fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or word combination and translate the sentences below into Russian:

Centralized Traffic Control  the control console color-light signals     a section     push-button switches   train operation  the track diagram  sensors a single control center track circuits the locomotive cab signal     safety functions signal indications main line

1. On our roads there are three …: green, yellow and red. 2. Modern railway signaling systems control … to provide the safety of traffic. 3. … is a system of railroad operation which is used for controlling the movement of trains by signal indications.    4. Any control console has …. 5. An operator can control the whole … at a single control center. 8. There are some push-button switches on … in front of the operator. 9. … shows the operator where every train is. 10. … is a small color-light signal placed on a panel in front of the driver. 11. The purpose of track circuiting is to detect the presence of a train on … of the line. 12. Track circuits have a number of important … . 13. Signals are controlled by means of … . 14. The cab signal gives the same … that are given by signals along the track. 15. Railways are controlled by automatic signaling devices, which have … that detect carriages passing a particular point.      16. The exact position of a train is indicated on a panel in … .

 

     Ex. 10. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the negatives:

1. No cars are allowed in the city. 2. No modern railway uses steam locomotives. 3. No automatic system operates without electricity. 4. She had no difficulty finding a job. 5. There were no signals and there was no signaling on the first railways. 6. He has no telephone. 7. Automatic train operation needs no signalmen.8. No train can climb up hills without special railways. 9. There was no place where we could sit.     10. We don’t believe she’s got enough money. 11. I don’t imagine we’ll arrive before midnight. 12. I don’t suppose you remember to bring my book back. 13. They don’t expect to be home late. 14. The roads are not busy today. 15. It wasn’t dark when I came home. 16. She won’t be happy if he comes. 17. No human activity, be it work or study, can be performed without will power. 18. There are no traffic-lights at this intersection that is why it is a very dangerous place.

 

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