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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
Reading 3: Sources of English law
Pre-reading task. Read the words. Mind the stress. A): ΄relevant co΄mmittee pre΄vail ΄council di΄scretionary re΄sponsive ΄specify a΄pply a΄doption ΄conquest ad΄visory in΄adequate ΄unify a΄chieve re΄solve ΄circuit dis΄pense in΄digenous ΄precedent dis΄tinguish suc΄cessive ΄litigant a΄malgam ,dis΄satisfy ΄remedy in΄junction e΄quality
B) Complete the word building table.
C) Before you read look through the following words and phrases to make sure that you know them. Learn those that you don’t know.
1. List the sources of law you know. Then quickly skim the chart and complete your list with the sources of English Law. Sources of English Law
2. Speaking Look through the chart and say what institutions there are in the EU. 3. Read the text carefully and report on the bodies and their legislation European Union Law The EU | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Institutions: | Legislation: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Council of Ministers Made up of ministers from member states responsive for the adoption of legislation | Formulate and legislate → | Treaties: Treaty of Rome Regulations: Directly applicable. Binding and enforceable from time of their creation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Commission Made up of Commissioners from member states. They prepare legislation. | Directives: Not directly applicable. Set out aims for member states to achieve by national law within a specified period. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The European Parliament Made up of elected members from member states. Primarily a debating and advisory body | Decisions: On operation of European law and policies. Binding only on the recipients | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European Court of Justice The final authority on European law | Judgments: Rulings and interpretation on points of EU law. Final appeal court where European issues are resolved. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4. Home assignment. Study the following information. Make reports on Case Law, Equity and Statute.
Case Law
Common Law
Development
1. (a) Pre-Roman conquest: no unified legal system. Justice dispensed in local courts.
(b) Post-Norman conquest: the king’s judges sent on circuit to resolve civil and criminal disputes in local courts.
(c) The law applied an amalgam of indigenous, largely Anglo-Saxon and Norman, law.
(d) Development of principles that rules of law laid down by a judge should be followed by other judges sitting in like cases.
Defects
2. (a) The writ system.
(b) Inadequate remedies.
(c) Failure to recognize rights arising under trusts.
Features
3. (a) Judge-made, i.e. not created by parliament.
(b) Common to the nation, i.e. not of merely local application.
(c) A case law system which may distinguished from equity.
Equity
Development
1. (a) Developed as a response to the defects in the common law.
(b) Dissatisfied litigants petitioned the king.
(c) In time, king delegated responsibility to the Lord Chancellor.
(d) Successive Chancellors developed a system of Chancery courts parallel to the common law court to dispense equity.
(e) Initially cases in equity decided on broad principles of fairness. By the 15th century cases decided according to precedent.
Content
2. (a) Created new remedies, e.g. injunction and specific performance.
(b) No writ system.
(c) Recognised trusts.
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The evidence is relevant to the case.
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to apply a rule
This rule applies to all.
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discretionary power(s)
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Greed prevailed over generosity.
This is a strange custom that still prevails.
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binding treaty
under this treaty
to conclude / to sign a treaty
to enter into a treaty
to observe (to register) a treaty
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]
]
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adoption of child
adoption of statute
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advisory letter
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in a binding form
binding upon both parties
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to achieve success
], [ 
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to bring an issue to a close
to face an issue
to settle an issue
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]
]
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world conquest
to consolidate one’s conquests
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to unify the whole population
unified
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to dispense from
to dispense with
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circuit court
judicial circuit
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indigenous population
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writ of attachment
writ of attendance
writ of capias [ 
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writ of execution
writ of subpoena [ 
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to serve a writ on smb
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to file / lodge an appeal
to file an appeal against a decision
to lose an appeal
to win an appeal
to take an appeal to a higher court
to deny / dismiss / reject / throw out an appeal
]
]
equitable remedy
to exhaust all legal remedies
to pursue a legal remedy
adequate remedy
] (arose – arisen)
to arise from / out of
A new difficulty has arisen.
to arise from the treaty
to arise out of the situation
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to distinguish among concepts
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Many people are dissatisfied at / with not finding suitable jobs.
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The local people have petitioned the council for improved street lighting.
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successive checkouts
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applicable / applied precedent
binding precedent
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injunction against picketing
permanent injunction
temporary injunction
to grant / hand down / issue an injunction
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the Earl of Essex
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to fuse together
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to abolish colonialism
the movement to abolish child labour
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to confirm by a notary
to confirm decision (judgement)
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copy-book maxim
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to achieve / attain equality
racial equality
religious equality
total equality
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to accept / adopt / entertain a proposal
to consider a proposal
to kill / reject / turn down a proposal
to make / present / put forth / put forward a proposal
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The expenses are provided for in the budget.
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commencement of proceedings
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We delayed sending the telegram.
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on the agenda
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amendment to the constitution
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to examine carefully / closely / thoroughly
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Our firm is represented in the USA by Mr. Smith.
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to undertake a journey
to undertake a responsible post
I will undertake that he has not heard a word.