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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
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Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии |
A lawyer’s curriculum vitae
7. Read the following CV (curriculum vitae)1 of a young British lawyer and answer these questions. 1. Where did he work in summer 2002? 2. What languages does he speak? 3. Where did he complete his first degree? 4. What was his main duty at the European Commission? 5. What is he doing now?
Note 1: (US) resume or résumé [΄resju:mei]
8 . Writing. You are looking for a job in an international law firm. You already have certain experience in the legal sphere. Write a CV in order to get a position of an in-house counsel.
Grammar 1 NOUN
· Nouns can be abstract (love, freedom, etc.), proper (John, Asia, etc.), or common (chair, table, dress, girl, etc.). · Most nouns that refer to jobs, social status, etc. have the same form for men (masculine) and women (feminine) e.g. doctor, teacher, etc. When we refer to ships, vehicles (when regarded with affection and respect) and countries, we consider them feminine.
Other have different forms:
· Nouns can be countable (those that can be counted) e.g. 1 book – 2 books or uncountable (those that can’t be counted) e.g. bread, furniture. · Countable nouns have singular and plural forms. Nouns are made plural by adding: - -s to the nouns (cat - cats); - -es to the nouns ending in –ch, -s, -sh, -ss, -x (torch – torches, bus –buses, bush – bushes, glass – glasses, box - boxes); - -ies to the nouns ending in consonant + y (baby – babies, lady – ladies, etc), but –s to the nouns ending in vowel + y (day – days, boy – boys, etc.); - -es to the nouns ending in –o (tomato - tomatoes), BUT: -s to the nouns ending in: vowel + o (video – videos); double o (zoo - zoos); abbreviations (photograph/photo -photos); musical instruments (piano -pianos) and proper nouns. Note that some nouns can end both in –s and –es: buffalos / buffaloes; mosquitos / mosquitoes; volcanos / volcanoes; zeros / zeroes; tornado / tornadoes, etc. - -ves to some nouns ending in –f/fe (self – selves, wife - wives); BUT: chiefs, cliffs, roofs, safes. - · Composed nouns are nouns that are made of two or more parts and are formed as follows: - noun + noun. The plural is formed by adding –s/-es to the second noun (schoolboy – schoolboys, ticket inspector – ticket inspectors); - -ing form / adjective + noun. The plural is formed by adding –s / -es to the noun (swimming pool – swimming pools, greenhouse - greenhouses); - noun + in-law. The plural is formed by adding –s / -es to the noun (sister-in-law – sisters-in-law); - noun + adverb. The plural is formed by adding –s / -es to the noun (runner-up – runners-up); - verb + adverb particle. The plural form is formed by adding –s / es to the word (breakthrough - breakthroughs). · Irregular Plurals: man – men, woman – women, foot – feet, tooth –teeth, louse – lice, mouse – mice, child – children, goose – geese, person – people (But: peoples = ethnic groups), ox – oxen, sheep – sheep, deer – deer, fish – fish (also: fishes), trout – trout, salmon – salmon, spacecraft – spacecraft, aircraft – aircraft, species – species, hovercraft – hovercraft. · Some nouns of Greek and Latin origin form their plural by adding Greek or Latin suffixes (basis – bases, crisis – crises, criterion – criteria, medium – media, terminus – termini, etc.). · Plural Nouns are the nouns that can be used only in the plural form: - objects consisting of two parts: garments (pyjamas, trousers), instruments (binoculars), tools (pliers, scissors); - arms, ashes, barracks, clothes, congratulations, earrings, (good) looks, outskirts, people, police, premises, riches, stairs, surroundings, wages (Where are my clothes?) Group nouns (army, audience, class, club, committee, company, council, crew, headquarter, family, jury, government, press, public, staff, team, etc.) can take either a singular or a plural verb depending on whether we see the group as a whole or as individuals. (The team was chosen as the most promising. The team were given bonuses for their performance.)
· Uncountable nouns take a singular verb and are not used with a / an. Some, any, much, no can be used with them (e.g. Milk comes from cows. I need some food.) · Uncountable nouns are: - mass nouns (fluids, solids, food, gases, particles) beer, blood, bread, air, oxygen, corn, flour, etc; - subjects of study: accountancy, chemistry, economics, history, literature, mathematics, physics, etc; - languages: Chinese, French, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, etc; - sports: baseball, billiards, cricket, cycling, darts, football, etc.; - diseases: chickenpox, flu, measles, mumps, pneumonia, tuberculoses, etc; - natural phenomena: darkness, fog, gravity, hail, snow, sunlight, etc; - some other nouns: accommodation, advice, anger, applause, assistance, behaviour, business, chaos, countryside, courage, dirt, education, equipment, evidence, fun, hair, homework, housework, information, intelligence, knowledge, luck, music, news, peace, progress, research, seaside, shopping, traffic, truth, wealth, weather, work, etc. - collective nouns: baggage, crockery, cutlery, furniture, jewellery, litter, luggage, machinery, money, rubbish, stationary. Note 1.with expressions of duration, distance or money meaning ‘a whole amount’ we use a singular verb (Five thousand pounds was too much to lose in a casino.) Note 2. We use a / an, one, two etc. with uncountable nouns such as coffee, tea, beer, etc. when we order something in a restaurant, cafe, etc. (We’ll have three beers, please.) · Many uncountable nouns can be made countable: a piece of advice / cake / furniture / information / paper; a glass / bottle of beer / water / wine; a jar of jam; a rasher of bacon; a pint of beer; a sheet of paper; a packet of tea; a slice / loaf of bread; a pot / cup of tea; a tube of toothpaste; a bar of chocolate; a bit / piece of chalk; an ice cube; a lump of sugar; a bag of flour; a pair of trousers; a game of chess; an item / piece of news; a drop / can of oil; a can of Coke; a carton of milk, etc.
Some nouns can be used as countable or uncountable with a difference in meaning.
1. Write the plural of the following words.
2. Complete each pair below by adding the male or female equivalent.
3. Fill in a, an or some where necessary. A. 1. We booked ____ room in the Grand Hotel. 2. The police found ____ glass from the broken window on the grass. 3. There is ____ room for five people in my car. 4. She usually drinks ____ glass of orange juice in the morning. 5. There was ____ hair in my plate. 6. I need ____ paper to write my notes on. 7. She has ____ long blonde hair. 8. The Eiffel Tower is made of ____ iron. 9. He decided to buy ____ paper to read on the train. 10. I have got ____ iron, but it is very old. B. 1. a) We had ____ delicious food last night. b) We had ____ delicious meal last night. 2. a) There is ____ beautiful furniture in that shop. b) There’s ____ beautiful table in that shop. 3. a) I’m thirsty. I need ____ drink. b) I’m thirsty. I need ____ water. 4. a) She’s just bought ____ expensive clothes. b) She’s just bought ____ expensive dress. 5. a) They booked ____ room in advance. b) They booked ____ accommodation in advance. 6. a) The band played ____ lovely music. b) The band played ____ lovely song. 7. a) We had ____ heatwave last week. b) We had ____ hot weather last week. 8. a) I can’t do this job alone. I need ____ assistant. b) I can’t do this job alone. I need ____ help. 9. a) He has got ____ heavy luggage to carry. b) He has got ____ heavy suitcase to carry. 10. a) I need ____ cutlery to eat this food with. b) I need ____ knife and fork to eat this food with. 11. a) She has got ____ important job to do. b) She has got ____ important work to do. 12. a) He found ____ ____ coin on the ground. b) He found ____ money on the ground. 4. Complete the sentences using the noun in brackets in the singular or plural form and a/an where necessary. 1. He gave me a box of my favourite ________ (chocolate). 2. My favourite food is ________ (chocolate). 3. She bought ________ (paper) on her way to work. 4. He placed all the important ________ (paper) in his briefcase. 5. I need ________ (paper) to write this message on. 6. Hurry up! We don’t have much ________ (time). 7. He has visited us several ________ (time) this morning. 8. He has no ________ (experience), but he is keen to learn. 9. He had a lot of ________ (experience) during his travels. 10. We went for a walk in the ________ (wood) after lunch. 11. His desk is made of ________ (wood). 12. Jane is in her ________ (room) reading a book. 13. We’ve got plenty of ________ (room) for a party in here. 14. I’m going to have my ________ (hair) cut tomorrow. 15. There was ________ (hair) in my tea. 16. I’m thirsty. I need ________ (glass) of water. 17. Susan only wears her ________ (glass) when she reads. 18. This ornament is made of coloured ________ (glass). 19. Helen bought ________ (iron) in the sale at the electrical store. 20. The old gate was made of ________ (iron). 5. Underline the correct verb form. 1. Mathematics is/are my favourite subject. 2. Your bathroom scales is/are not very accurate. 3. Table-tennis is/are sometimes referred to as ping-pong. 4. $2.000 is/are far too expensive for that stereo. 5. The police is/are coming to the rescue. 6. Paper is/are made from wood. 7. Children like/likes playing games. 8. The scissors don’t/doesn’t work well. 9. These trousers is/are terribly dirty. 10. Education is/are considered to be very important for almost everyone. 11. Most people worry/worries about the effect of pollution on the environment. 12. The rubbish has/have been taken away. 13. Water is/are necessary for plants to grow. 14. When I’m ill, my hair become/becomes greasy. 15. The information is/are inaccurate. 16. Binoculars is/are needed to see that far. 17. His luggage was/were left on the platform. 18. The stairs is/are very dangerous. 19. Mumps is/are contagious. 20. His experience is/are limited. 6. Fill in is or are. 1. Be careful! Those scissors ____ very sharp. 2. Physics ____ John’s favourite subject at school. 3. The police ____investigating the crime. 4. Those trousers ____ too big for me. 5. The stairs in my house ____ made of wood. 6. His new furniture ____ very modern. 7. The weather ____ going to be bad this weekend. 8. My advice ____ that you get a new job. 9. His new clothes ____ very fashionable. 10. The team ____ all training hard for Saturday’s match. 11. The money in the box ____ for this week’s shopping. 12. My pajamas ____ not on my bed. 13. Measles ____ a childhood disease. 14. My luggage ____ in the car. 15. Your hair ____ very long again. 16. Tom’s gloves ____ made of soft leather. 17. The class ____ all working on the project together. 18. Athletics ____ my favourite sport. 19. My shoes ____ too small for me. 20. The news ____ very exiting. 7. Fill in the gaps with appropriate noun + of to indicate quantity.
8. A. Write the plural of the following nouns.
B. Underline the correct word. 1. A: I have a Math exam tomorrow. B: Oh dear. Mathematics is/are a very difficult subject. 2. A: My office is three miles from my house. B: Three miles is/are a long way to walk. 3. A: My little brother has got measles. B: Oh dear. Measles is/are a very serious illness. 4. A: Jane looks nice today, doesn’t she? B: Yes. Her clothes is/are very smart. 5. A: I’ve got two pounds. I’m going to buy a CD. B: Two pounds is/are not enough to buy a CD. 6. A: The classroom was empty when I walked past. B: Yes. The class was/were all on a street outing. 7. A: Have you just cleaned the stairs? B: So be careful. The stairs is/are slippery. 8. A: Did you ask John to fix your car? B: Yes. His advice was/were that I take it to a garage. 9. A: Did you enjoy your holiday? B: Yes, thank you. The weather was/were wonderful. 10. A: These trousers is/are very old. B: You should buy a new pair. 11. A: How is/are the company doing lately? B: Great! We opened up two new branches. 12. A: I am going to travel for two years when I finish school. B: Two years is/are a long time to be away from home.
9. Translate into English. 1. Ножиці дуже гострі. Обережно. 2. Де гроші? – Вони на столі. 3. Мої нові меблі дуже сучасні. 4. Сходи в моєму домі зроблені з дерева. 6. Він дуже розумна людина. Звертайся до нього за порадами. 7. Кір – дитяча хвороба. 8. а) Її волосся знову довге. б) У тебе волосинка на комірці. 9. Три роки – дуже довгий період для того, щоб бути безробітним. 10. Моєї піжами немає на ліжку. Ти не бачила де вона? 11. а) Уся команда дуже наполегливо тренується до недільного матчу. б) Наша команда – переможниця цьогорічного чемпіонату. 12. Ви дзвонили в поліцію? – Поліція вже тут. 13. Дизайнерський одяг дуже дорогий. 14. Новини не дуже приємні. 15. У кімнаті дуже багато людей. 16. а) У мене є праска. б) Столові прибори зроблені із заліза. 17. а) Мої окуляри старі. б) Дайте мені склянку соку. в) Вікна робляться із скла. 18. а) Мені потрібен папір для нотаток. б) Дай мені газету. с) Де я поклав свої документи? 19. П’ять кілограмів – невелика вага, щоб нести. 20. Свинка – інфекційна хвороба.
ARTICLE Study the following information . We use a/an: · with singular countable nouns when we talk about them in general. E.g. I want to buy a bag. · with the verbs to be and have (got). E.g. Mary has (got) a dog. It’s a German Shepherd. · before Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms when we refer to an unknown person. E.g. A Mrs Jones called you this morning. · to show: a) price in relation to weight (two pounds a kilo), b) distance in relation to speed (80 km an hour), c) frequency (twice a week). We do not use a/an: · with uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns. We can use some instead of a/an. E.g. We need (some)milk and (some) flour. They bought (some) flowers. · before an adjective if it is not followed by a noun. E.g. This ring is expensive. But: This is an expensive ring. The is used · with singular and plural nouns, countable and uncountable ones, to talk about something specific or when the noun is mentioned for the second time. E.g. Can I try on the blue dress, please? (Which dress? The blue one – specific) There was a rat in the kitchen. I killed the rat with my boot. · before singular countable nouns to refer to a group of people, animals or things. E.g. The dolphin lives in the sea. (We mean all dolphins.) The articles are not used before a noun in the plural when it represents a group. E.g. Dolphins are intelligent animals. (not: The dolphins are intelligent animals.) 1. Fill in a, an, the, any or some where necessary. 1. I need ____ car and I know ____ kind of car I want. It must do 100 miles ____ hour and do 40 miles ____ gallon. 2. ‘Have you got ____ money?’ ‘I had ____ this morning but I did ____ shopping, and ____ fruit was so expensive! 50 p ____ kilo for ____apples! It’s ____ disgrace!’ 3. ____ everybody knows ____ lion is ____ king of ____ jungle but is ____ shark ____ king of ____ sea? I can’t think of ____ fish which will eat ____ shark! 4. ____ man came to ____ door this morning and asked to see the water meter. I asked him if ____ price of ____ water was going up and he said it would increase by 10 p ____ cubic meter. 5. ‘How much is ____ dress material in ____ window?’ ‘$5 ____ meter, madam.’ ‘Do you have anything in ____ blue?’ Yes, there is ____ blue material in ____ stock.’ 6. Let me give you ____ advice. If you need ____ help with ____ work I’ve given you, go to ____ person who runs your department. Study the following information. The Definite Article THE
Note: · We use the with words beach, station, cinema, theatre, coast, country(side), ground, jungle, seaside, weather, world, shop, library, city, sea (But: to be at sea = to be sailing), etc. E.g. Let’s go to the beach. We spent the weekend in the country. · We usually don’t use the with the word television. E.g. I like watching television in the evening. But: Turn on the television. (the television set) · The is optional with seasons. E.g. My favourite season is (the) spring. · We use the + adjective to refer to a group of people usually with adjectives: poor, rich, sick, injured, elderly, unemployed, homeless, disabled, young, old, dead, blind, deaf, mentally ill. E.g. The young are usually impatient. 2. Fill in the gaps with one of the words from the list adding the where necessary. Use each word twice. prison, school, bed, sea, hospital 1. The minute we reached the beach, the children ran into _________. 2. My brother is in the navy. He is at _______ for months sometimes. 3. I usually go to _________ about 11 pm to get a good night’s sleep. 4. The cat is sleeping on ________. 5. The Prime Minister visited _________ yesterday and talked to the prisoners. 6. The man who robbed the bank is in ________ now. 7. The ambulance took the injured people to _________. 8. I must go to _________ to visit my aunt. She’s had an operation. 9. We saw the children in their classrooms as we walked past _________. 10. I want to go to university when I leave __________.
3. Choose the correct alternative. 1. Catherine loves cats / the cats. 2. Look at cats / the cats. 3. I don’t like coffee / the coffee but I like tea / the tea. 4. You cut cake / the cake and I’ll pour coffee / the coffee. 5. Life / The life will be different in the future. 6. Life / The life of a mayfly is extremely short. 7. I enjoy swimming / the swimming in the sea. 8. Children / The children usually like playing games. 9. Children / The children have gone to the park. 10. All people / the people in this room are my relatives. 11. All people / the people should have freedom of speech. 12. Villages / The villages in this part of the country are very beautiful 13. Breakfast / The breakfast is the most important meal of day / the day. 14. Paul was only / the only person who remembered me. 15. In Stone Age / the Stone Age, people lived in caves. 16. I would like to travel to Spain / the Spain. 17. We travelled to London by train / the train. 18. He is learning to play flute / the flute.
4. Fill in a, an, the where necessary. 1. Shall we have ____ lunch at ____ home or go to ____ Royal Oak? 2. ____ Prince Philip visited ____ Royal Albert Hall yesterday. 3. ____ Peter’s Bar is situated in ____ Terminal 1 at ____ Heathrow Airport. 4. ____ Browns were ____ first to leave ____ party at ____ midnight. 5. We landed at ____ Charles de Gaulle airport in ____ Paris and were met by ____ ambassador in person. 6. Tim’s gone to ____ hospital to pick up ____ results of ____ tests ____ Mum had ____ last week. 7. ____ most world maps are out of date now, due to ____ political events which have taken place recently. 8. ____ Chicago Bulls, from ____ USA are one of ____ best-known basketball teams. 9. When ____ Berlin Wall was pulled down it was ____ great moment in ____ history. 10. Lots of people go for ____ exotic holidays in ____ Asia, but you must take care not to catch ____ malaria. 11. We decided to go to ____ island of Sicily last summer and we’ve decided to go to ____ island again this year; either to ____ Rhodes or ____Canaries. 12. In ____ Jerusalem we visited ____ Dome of the Rock and ____ Church of the Holy Sepulchre and saw the site of ____ Solomon’s Temple. 13. Lots of people are without jobs in ____ city, so ____ government has decided to give ____ unemployed special benefits. 14. Tarzan, ____ Lord of ____ Jungle, had a friend called ____ Cheetah. 15. Many people go climbing in ____ mountains like ____ Alps or ____ Himalayas. 16. ____ English spend their holiday in hot countries because they enjoy going to ____ beach. 17. ____ royal yacht sailed across ____ Indian Ocean. 18. You’ll find my house if you walk along ____ Green Street and turn right into ____ High Street. 19. Many of ____ England’s young men died in ____ First World War. 20. ____ Vatican City is one of ____ most beautiful places in ____ Rome. 21. ____ people from ____ Brazil dance ____ samba really well. 22. We went to ____ pub rather than ____ cinema because ____ Father wanted to.
5. Fill in the correct article. A) ____ football team who have won ____ World Cup ____ most times is ____ Brazil. They have won ____ competitions four times. ____ team also hold ____ record for ____ greatest number of ____ goals scored overall and have played in every one of ____ tournament’s finals. B) ____ tallest man in ____ world was born in ____ USA in 1918. His name was ____ Robert Wadlow and ____ last time he was measured, in 1940, he had reached a height of 2.72 m. His hands were 32.4 cm from ____ wrist to tip of ____ middle finger. C) ____ David was waiting at ____ King’s Cross Station. He was about to travel to ____ Newcastle by ____ train for ____ job interview. However, ____ train was late and he had been standing on ____ platform for over ____ hour. D) I take ____ bus to ____ school every day I leave ____ house at eight o’clock in ____ morning. It is ____ five-minute walk from my house to ____ bus-stop. ____ journey to school takes about ____ quarter of ____ hour. E) ____ Queen is going to visit ____ Bridgeford next week to open ____ new hospital which has been built in ____ town. It will be ____ exciting event which all ____ local people will attend. F) ____ Stuart has got ____ cold, so he has to stay in ____ bed. His mother has made him ____ bowl of soup and he has got ____ box of tissues on his ____ bedside table. He will probably spend most of ____ day sleeping.
6. Read the following proverbs and fill in a, an, the or -. 1. ____ Rome wasn’t built in ____ day. 2. ____ actions speak louder than ____ words. 3. ____ apple ____ day keeps ____ doctor away. 4. When in ____ Rome, do as Romans do. 5. Where there is ____ will, there is ____ way. 6. You can’t teach ____ old dog ____ old tricks. 7. You can’t get ____ blood from ____ stone. 8. You can’t make ____ omelette without breaking ____ eggs. 9. ____ more you get, ____ more you want. 10. ____ more ____ merrier. 11. ____ home is where ____ heart is. 12. Fire is ____ good servant but ____ bad master. UNIT 2 What is Law? |
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