Motion; American Bar Association; disposition; handles; drafting; Department of Justice; prosecuting attorneys; docket; do legal research; bailiff; trial clerk

1. The …. is an official in a court of law who keeps order and looks after prisoners. 2. An application made to a court or judge to obtain an order, ruling, or direction is a ….. . 3. The… is a formal record of legal proceedings or o list of legal causes to be tried. 4. The clerk of the court …. the administrative details in court. 5. The …… is responsible for faithful execution of laws under the president’s authority. 6. The ….. keeps track of all documents and exhibits and notes and all important events in the trial. 7. Lawyers may have to …….. into relevant facts and law while drafting legal papers and preparing for oral argument. 8. In many countries, only lawyers have the legal authority to do …. of wills, trusts, and any other documents that ensure the efficient ….. of a person’s property after death. 9. In common law countries, ….. are usually lawyers holding regular licenses who simply happen to work for the government office that files criminal charges against suspects. 10. The largest voluntary professional association of lawyers in the English-speaking world is the….. .

7 . Choose a word or phrase (a, b, or c) which best completes the unfinished sentence:

1. A meeting between lawyers and their client is called a … .

a) negotiation; b) conference: c) interview

2. The clerk of the court … .

a) develops the annual budget for the court; b) challenges the legality of their convictions; c) handles the papers and maintains case.

3. The … is usually a recent law school graduate.

a) law clerk b) court administrator; c) magistrate

4. Editing and drafting opinions is the responsibility of … .

a) bailiffs; b) clerks of the court; c) appellate clerks

5. … work for the court as a whole.

a) Staff attorneys; b) Prosecuting attorneys; c) General attorneys

6. A … conducts an elaborate financial accounting.

a) court administrator; b) law clerk; c) master;

7. … hold hearings on variety of motions, such as motions seeking to control lawyers’ conduct of discovery in civil cases, and make recommendations to the district judge as to the disposition and also hold evidentiary hearing on prisoner’s petitions challenging the legality of their convictions.

a) Justices; b) Attorneys; c) Magistrates

8. Magistrate judges conduct trials in civil cases and in … cases if the parties consent.

a) felony; b) misdemeanor; c) homicide

9. The clerk’s office maintains the … .

a) opinion book: b) memorandum book; c) docket book

8 . Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true and false. Correct those, which are false.

1. Court clerks are the decision makers, the key officials around whom all else is arranged. 2. Law clerks, staff attorneys, and trial adjuncts are intimately connected with the judges and assist them in the process of deciding issues and cases. 3. Judges in the USA initially come to the bench from the ranks of the American Bar Association. 4. Once on the bench they, in the main, follow a promotional pattern through the ranks of the judiciary to the highest position of Chief Justice. 5. The federal system is the best known example of executive nomination: the Attorney General of the United States and the Department of Justice appoint and approve nominees. 6. A law clerk is usually career clerk. 7. The law clerk is a personal assistant to the judge.8. The trial clerks are sometimes called ‘elbow clerks’. 9. The work of law clerks in trial courts is similar to that of law clerks in appellate courts. 10. Trial clerks spend much time in editing, and sometimes drafting, opinions that their judges are assigned to prepare for the court. 11. Appellate clerks draft some memoranda and short opinions, in addition they assist the judge with motions of all sorts and in pretrial conferences and hearings. 12. The distinction between staff attorneys and law clerks in that the staff attorneys work for an individual judge in that judge’s chambers; and law clerks work for the court as a whole. 13. Staff attorneys in appellate courts write memoranda on cases for the use of the judges assigned to those cases. 14. Federal judges perform two kinds of functions. 15. Federal magistrates hold hearings on variety of motions, such as motions seeking to control lawyers’ conduct of discovery in civil cases, and make recommendations to the district judge as to the disposition. 16. Magistrate judges conduct trials in criminal cases and in civil misdemeanor cases if the parties can’t consent. 17. The clerk’s office is the place where the trials are held. 18. The American Bar Association is a government, compulsory, nationwide organization of some 370,000 lawyers from all states.

9 . Look through the text again and say:

1. What is the job of a) a judge; b) a law clerk; c) an appellate clerk; d) a trial clerk; e) a staff attorney; f) a federal magistrate; g) a clerk of the court; h) a lawyer? 2. How are judges selected, promoted and appointed? 3. What experience do law clerks have? 4. What is the distinction between staff attorneys and law clerks? 5. In what cases do federal magistrate judges substitute district judges? 6. Why is the position of the clerk of the court so important? 7. What are typical areas of American lawyers specializations?

1 0. Speaking. Speak about legal professions in the USA.

 

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